Molecular pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukaemia and APL variants
Abstract
It has been 12 years since the simultaneous discovery of the unique sensitivity of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) to differentiation therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and the discovery that the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) gene was rearranged in APL. Nearly 98% of cases of APL are associated with t(15;17) chromosomal translocation and fusion of the PML gene to that encoding RARalpha to yield an abnormal receptor with the capability of de-regulating gene expression in the haematopoietic cell, causing differentiation block and eventually the development of leukaemia. Since this original discovery, four other translocations were described in APL. In each of these the RARalpha gene is fused to different partner genes, all yielding aberrant nuclear receptors. These fusion proteins share in common the ability to repress rather than activate retinoic acid targets, one so strongly that the result is an ATRA-resistant form of the disease. In addition each of the partner proteins is important for normal cell growth and development. In this chapter we explore the biology of the RARalpha, the fusion proteins created in APL and the normal forms of the partner proteins. Through continued study of this disease it is hoped that novel treatments, potentially more applicable to other forms of leukaemia, may arise.
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The t(15;17) translocation, the cytogenetic marker for APL, involves the RARA gene on chromosome 17q21.
“the t(15;17) translocation, the cytogenetic marker for APL involves the RARA gene on chromosome 17q21”
From Unlocking the potential of retinoic acid in anticancer therapy (2014) · cites this paper as Sirulnik et al, 2003
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A DVANCES IN THE U NDERSTANDING AND M ANAGEMENT OF A CUTE P ROMYELOCYTIC L EUKEMIA
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Unlocking the potential of retinoic acid in anticancer therapy
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Sirulnik, A., Melnick, A., Zelent, A., & Licht, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Licht, Jonathan D
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 387-408
- ISSN
- 1521-6926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104222293
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 174
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- acute promyelocytic leukemia, retinoic acid receptor alpha, PML-RARA fusion, all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA resistance, differentiation block, molecular pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha, Humans, Translocation, Genetic, Gene Rearrangement, Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Genetic Heterogeneity
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