Ipilimumab-induced autoimmune adrenalitis
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Adrenal insufficiency occurs in about 1% of immune checkpoint inhibitor users and more frequently in those receiving combination regimens such as anti-CTLA4 plus anti-PD1/PD-L1 agents, where it occurs in 4% to 8%.
“The occurrence of AI in ICI users has been reported in about 1% of cases and more frequently in individuals receiving combination regimens like anti-CTLA4 plus anti-PD1/PD-L1 agents (4%-8%) (25, 28, 29).”
From The Changing Face of Drug-induced Adrenal Insufficiency in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
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Brahmer, J. R., Abu-Sbeih, H., Ascierto, P. A., Brufsky, J., Cappelli, L. C., Cortazar, F. B., Gerber, D. E., Hamad, L., Hansen, E., Johnson, D. B., et al. (2021) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-002435 · Cited by 917 · see citing works
Cancer immunotherapy—immune checkpoint blockade and associated endocrinopathies.
Byun, D. J., Wolchok, J. D., Rosenberg, L. M., & Girotra, M. (2017) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.205 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Endocrine Toxicity of Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting Immune Checkpoints
Chang, L., Barroso‐Sousa, R., Tolaney, S. M., Hodi, F. S., Kaiser, U. B., & Min, L. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00006 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Self-citationde Filette, J., Andreescu, C., Cools, F., Bravenboer, B., & Velkeniers, B. (2019) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-0843-3366 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
“Adrenal autoantibodies were detected in one case of pembrolizumab-induced adrenal failure [150] while bilateral adrenal gland enlargement [151] and increased bilateral 18FDG activity [152] have also been observed.”
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor‐related hypophysitis and endocrine dysfunction: clinical review
Joshi, M., Whitelaw, B., Palomar, M. T. P., Wu, Y., & Carroll, P. (2016) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13063 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Tan, M. H., Iyengar, R., Mizokami-Stout, K., Yentz, S., MacEachern, M. P., Shen, L. Y., Redman, B., & Gianchandani, R. (2019) · Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s40842-018-0073-4 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“One case [34] initially had secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) but was found to have enlarged adrenals at week 16 after ipilimumab initiation.”
BackgroundMeffre, E., & O’Connor, K. C. (2019) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12821 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
French Endocrine Society guidance on endocrine side effects of immunotherapy
Castinetti, F., Albarel, F., Archambeaud, F., Bertherat, J., Bouillet, B., Buffier, P., Briet, C., Cariou, B., Caron, P., Chabre, O., et al. (2019) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1530/erc-18-0320 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Higham, C. E., Olsson-Brown, A., Carroll, P., Cooksley, T., Larkin, J., Lorigan, P., Morganstein, D., Trainer, P. J., & _, _. (2018) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-18-0068 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated primary adrenal insufficiency: WHO VigiBase report analysis
Grouthier, V., Lebrun-Vignes, B., Moey, M., Johnson, D. B., Moslehi, J. J., Salem, J.-E., & Bachelot, A. (2020) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0555 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“On imaging, adrenal atrophy was described in one patient [12] and “adrenalitis” in two other reports [9, 10].”
BackgroundGirotra, M., Hansen, A. R., Farooki, A., Byun, D. J., Min, L., Creelan, B., Callahan, M. K., Atkins, M. B., Sharon, E., Antonia, S. J., et al. (2018) · JNCI Cancer Spectrum · doi:10.1093/jncics/pky021 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“One patient developed primary adrenal insufficiency with an elevated ACTH and low cortisol levels and an abnormal response to cosyntropin (47), whereas the other was noted to have initially high cortisol levels that normalized (48).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChae, Y. K., Chiec, L., Mohindra, N., Gentzler, R., Patel, J., & Giles, F. (2017) · Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-016-1913-7 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Thyroid disorders induced by checkpoint inhibitors
Ferrari, S. M., Fallahi, P., Galetta, F., Citi, E., Benvenga, S., & Antonelli, A. (2018) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-018-9463-2 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“3 Adrenalitis Even if rarely, adrenalitis and following primary adrenal insufficiency caused by the therapy with ipilimumab have been shown [48, 49].”
BackgroundAutoimmune endocrine dysfunctions associated with cancer immunotherapies
Ferrari, S. M., Fallahi, P., Elia, G., Ragusa, F., Ruffilli, I., Patrizio, A., Galdiero, M. R., Baldini, E., Ulisse, S., Marone, G., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20102560 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Adrenalitis and primary adrenal insufficiency linked to the treatment with ipilimumab have been described, even if only occasionally [117,118].”
BackgroundInfluentialArima, H., Iwama, S., Inaba, H., Ariyasu, H., Makita, N., Otsuki, M., Kageyama, K., Imagawa, A., & Akamizu, T. (2019) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0163 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“Case reports showed that primary adrenal insufficiency developed 10 weeks after initiation of anti-PD-1 antibody treatment [19] and 16 weeks after initiation of anti-CTLA-4 antibody treatment [20].”
BackgroundPolyendocrinopathy resulting from pembrolizumab in a patient with a malignant melanoma
Paepegaey, A.-C., Lheure, C., Ratour, C., Lethielleux, G., Clerc, J., Bertherat, J., Kramkimel, N., & Groussin, L. (2017) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2017-00170 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Thirteen cases have been described secondary to ipilimumab: 11 cases in phase 3 studies and 2 case reports [8, 9].”
BackgroundTime to dissect the autoimmune etiology of cancer antibody immunotherapy
Dougan, M. L., & Pietropaolo, M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci131194 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Quirk, S. K., Shure, A. K., & Agrawal, D. K. (2015) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.005 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Ipilimumab-Induced Adrenalitis: A Possible Pitfall in 18F-FDG-PET/CT
Bacanovic, S., Burger, I. A., Stolzmann, P., Hafner, J., & Huellner, M. W. (2015) · Clinical Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1097/rlu.0000000000000887 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Electrolyte disorders associated with the use of anticancer drugs
Liamis, G. L., Filippatos, T. D., & Elisaf, M. (2016) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.064 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Ipilimumab is linked to hyponatremia due to autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis leading to secondary adrenal insufficiency and a SIADH-like profile (Barnard et al., 2012; Chodakiewitz et al., 2014; Min and Ibrahim, 2013).”
BackgroundHow we treat endocrine complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Paschou, S. Α., Stefanaki, K., Ψαλτοπούλου, Θ., Liontos, M., Koutsoukos, K., Zagouri, F., Lambrinoudaki, I. V., & Dimopoulos, M. A. (2021) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2020.100011 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Ruggeri, R. M., Campennì, A., Giuffrida, G., Trimboli, P., Giovanella, L., Trimarchi, F., & Cannavò, S. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-018-0984-z · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cancer immunotherapy-induced endocrinopathies: Clinical behavior and therapeutic approach
Iglesias, P. (2017) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.08.019 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Immune Checkpoint Blockade Anti–PD-L1 as a Trigger for Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome
Lanzolla, G., Coppelli, A., Cosottini, M., Prato, S. D., Marcocci, C., & Lupi, I. (2019) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2018-00366 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Min L, Ibrahim N. Ipilimumab-induced autoimmune adrenalitis.”
BackgroundPercik, R., Shlomai, G., Tirosh, A., Tirosh, A., Leibowitz‐Amit, R., Eshet, Y., Greenberg, G., Merlinsky, A., Barhod, E., Steinberg‐Silman, Y., et al. (2019) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102454 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Humanized Mice as a Model for Aberrant Responses in Human T Cell Immunotherapy
Vudattu, N. K., Waldron-Lynch, F., Truman, L. A., Deng, S., Preston‐Hurlburt, P., Torres, R., Raycroft, M. T., Mamula, M. J., & Herold, K. C. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302455 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Common findings are enterocolitis, dermatitis, hepatitis, hypophysitis, adenopathy, as well as adrenalitis (38, 40, 41).”
BackgroundSolinas, C., Porcu, M., Hlavatá, Z., Silva, P. D., Puzzoni, M., Willard-Gallo, K., Scartozzi, M., & Saba, L. (2017) · Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.09.017 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“…them, such as the ipilimumab-associated colitis (Kim et al., 2013a), hepatitis (Kim et al., 2013b), alveolitis (Rao and Grumett, 2016), adrenalitis (Min and Ibrahim, 2013) and hypophisitis (Albarel et al., 2015) are evident on imaging and should always be well documented and reported during the…”
Kassi, E. N., Angelousi, A. G., Asonitis, N., Diamantopoulos, P. T., Anastasopoulou, A. N., Papaxoinis, G., Kokkinos, M., Giovannopoulos, I., Kyriakakis, G., Petychaki, F., et al. (2019) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.2533 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Endocrine side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Cardona, Z., Sosman, J. A., Chandra, S., & Huang, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1157805 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Autoimmune Endocrinopathies: An Emerging Complication of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Quandt, Z., Young, A., Perdigoto, A. L., Herold, K. C., & Anderson, M. S. (2020) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-050219-034237 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Immunotherapy-induced endocrinopathies: assessment, management and monitoring
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hypophysitis: Lessons Learnt from a Large Cancer Cohort
Kotwal, A., Rouleau, S. G., Dasari, S., Kottschade, L. A., Ryder, M. M., Kudva, Y. C., Markovic, S. N., & Erickson, D. Z. (2021) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1136/jim-2021-002099 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
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“A case report shows that primary adrenal insufficiency developed 8 weeks after initiation of nivolumab treatment(47) and 16 weeks after initiation of ipilimumab.(19,48) The median onset time of adrenal insufficiency was shorter for ipilimumab than that for the anti-PD-1 antibody.”
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“Only one case report described the coexistence of adrenal insufficiency and pituitary corticotropin deficiency but hormonal blood tests are absent [25].”
BackgroundIwama, S., Kobayashi, T., & Arima, H. (2025) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-024-01077-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“At the onset, transient bilateral enlargement 102,103 and increased uptake of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the adrenal glands 104 have been reported using CT and PET, respectively.”
Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders Associated with Cancer Immunotherapy
Uppal, N. N., Workeneh, B. T., Rondon‐Berrios, H., & Jhaveri, K. D. (2022) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.14671121 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
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Iwama, S., Kobayashi, T., & Arima, H. (2021) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2021.1007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Imaging In case reports, abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands [6,30], while positron emission tomography revealed increased uptake of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the adrenal glands [31].”
BackgroundSpecenier, P. M. (2016) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1080/14737140.2016.1211936 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Immunotherapy-induced Addison’s disease: a rare, persistent and potentially lethal side-effect
Hescot, S., Haissaguerre, M., Pautier, P., Kuhn, E., Schlumberger, M., & Berdelou, A. (2018) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2018.04.001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Endocrinopathies Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Treatment: A Review
Okura, N., Asano, M., Uchino, J., Morimoto, Y., Iwasaku, M., Kaneko, Y., Yamada, T., Fukui, M., & Takayama, K. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9072033 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Bilateral adrenal enlargement on abdominal computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the bilateral adrenal glands on positron emission tomography (PET) have been reported; however, similar findings may be observed in cases of adrenal metastasis, which warrant careful judgment [32].”
BackgroundEndocrine immune-related adverse events: Adrenal, parathyroid, diabetes insipidus, and lipoatrophy
Atkinson, M. A., & Lansdown, A. (2022) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2022.101635 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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Anti-pituitary antibodies as a marker of autoimmunity in pituitary glands
Iwama, S., & Arima, H. (2020) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0436 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Shi, Y., Shen, M., Zheng, X., & Yang, T. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2020.09.016 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Endocrine sequelae of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Ntali, G., Kassi, E. N., & Alevizaki, M. K. (2017) · HORMONES · doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1754 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Multimodality imaging of endocrine immune related adverse events: a primer for radiologists
Alessandrino, F., Shah, H., & Ramaiya, N. H. (2018) · Clinical Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2017.12.014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Knight, T., Ahn, S., Rice, T. W., & Cooksley, T. (2017) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.09.025 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Check point inhibitors and autoimmunity: Why endocrinopathies and who is prone to?
Percik, R., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2020.101411 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Spagnolo, C. C., Giuffrida, G., Cannavò, S., Franchina, T., Silvestris, N., Ruggeri, R. M., & Santarpía, M. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15010246 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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Patient-Centered Diabetes Care of Cancer Patients
Kotwal, A., Cheung, Y.-M. M., Cromwell, G. E., Drincic, A., Leblebjian, H., Quandt, Z., Rushakoff, R. J., & McDonnell, M. E. (2021) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-021-01435-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Endocrine dysfunction following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Konda, B., Nabhan, F. A., & Shah, M. H. (2017) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000357 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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“Min et al. presented an interesting case report of a 56-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma who developed central adrenal insufficiency coexisting with primary adrenal insufficiency after ipilimumab therapy [60].”
BackgroundHypophysitis from immune checkpoint inhibitors: challenges in diagnosis and management
Kotwal, A. (2021) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000652 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Howard, S. A. H., Krajewski, K. M., Jagannathan, J. P., Braschi‐Amirfarzan, M., Tirumani, S. H., Shinagare, A. B., & Ramaiya, N. H. (2016) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.15.15480 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The adrenal glands may initially enlarge [33, 35], with subsequent bilateral adrenal cortical atrophy [36] (Fig.”
BackgroundRaschi, E., Fusaroli, M., Massari, F., Mollica, V., Repaci, A., Ardizzoni, A., Poluzzi, E., Pagotto, U., & Di Dalmazi, G. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac359 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Deligiorgi, M. V., & Trafalis, D. T. (2020) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107050 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Khalatbari, H. K., Shulkin, B. L., & Parisi, M. T. (2022) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.10.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Uncharted Landscape of Rare Endocrine Immune-Related Adverse Events
Mytareli, C., Ziogas, D. C., Karampela, A., Papalexis, P., Siampanopoulou, V., Lafioniatis, A., Benopoulou, Ο., Gogas, H. J., & Angelousi, A. G. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15072016 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
George, A. S., Fernandez, C. J., Eapen, D., & Pappachan, J. M. (2021) · touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology · doi:10.17925/ee.2021.17.1.21 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“An (18)FDG-PET scan may show a transiently high uptake in the adrenal glands in patients with adrenalitis.(73)”
BackgroundExpert opinions on adrenal complications in immunotherapy
Haissaguerre, M., Hescot, S., Bertherat, J. Y., & Chabre, O. (2018) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2018.07.002 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The management of immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade
Fay, A. P., Moreira, R. B., Filho, P. R. S. N., Albuquerque, C., & Barrios, C. H. (2016) · Expert Review of Quality of Life in Cancer Care · doi:10.1080/23809000.2016.1142827 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The most common are: hypophysitis, thyroiditis, and adrenal insufficiency [23,21,39].”
BackgroundPharmacological and analytical interference in hormone assays for diagnosis of adrenal incidentaloma
Lopez, A.-G., Fraissinet, F., Lefèbvre, H., Brunel, V., & Ziegler, F. (2019) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2018.11.006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Endocrine immune-related adverse effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors
Trevisani, V., Iughetti, L., Lucaccioni, L., & Predieri, B. (2023) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2023.2256841 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Endocrine Adverse Events Related with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Update for Clinicians
Deligiorgi, M. V., Panayiotidis, M. I., & Trafalis, D. T. (2020) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt-2019-0132 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Metastatic melanoma: Pathologic characterization, current treatment, and complications of therapy
Wick, M. R., & Gru, A. A. (2016) · Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology · doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2016.04.005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Endocrine dysfunctions during treatment of immune-checkpoint inhibitors
Inaba, H., Ariyasu, H., Okuhira, H., Yamamoto, Y., Akamatsu, H., Katsuda, M., Jinnin, M., Hara, I., & Akamizu, T. (2018) · Trends in Immunotherapy · doi:10.24294/ti.v2.i2.606 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Imaging spectrum of adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Shroff, G. S., Shroff, S., Ahuja, J., Truong, M. T., & Vlahos, I. (2020) · Clinical Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.crad.2020.11.117 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hypothalamic–Pituitary Autoimmunity in Patients Treated with Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies
Bellastella, G., Carbone, C., Scappaticcio, L., Cirillo, P., Troiani, T., Morgillo, F., Vietri, M. T., Corte, C. M. D., Falco, V. D., Napolitano, S., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13164036 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Adrenal Insufficiency From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Masquerading as Sepsis
Abdallah, D., Johnson, J. N., Goldner, W. S., Addasi, N., Desouza, C. V., & Kotwal, A. (2020) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op.20.00781 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Abdominal CT manifestations of adverse events to immunotherapy: a primer for radiologists
Pourvaziri, A., Parakh, A., Biondetti, P., Sahani, D. V., & Kambadakone, A. R. (2020) · Abdominal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00261-020-02531-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Post-immunotherapy imaging in lung cancer
Shroff, G. S., Strange, C. D., Altan, M., Carter, B. W., Ahuja, J., Godoy, M. C. B., Truong, M. T., & Vlahos, I. (2021) · Clinical Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.crad.2021.05.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Combined Hypophysitis and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Fujita, Y., Kamitani, F., Yamamoto, M., Fukuoka, H., Hirota, Y., Nishiyama, N., Goda, N., Okada, Y., Inaba, Y., Nakajima, H., et al. (2023) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvad002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Multiple endocrine disorders other than the combination of hypophysitis and T1DM were reported in 5 cases of hypophysitis and thyroiditis [26], 1 case of primary adrenocortical insufficiency and thyroiditis [27], and 2 cases of hypophysitis and primary adrenocortical insufficiency [28, 29].”
BackgroundPituitary and adrenal disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Albarel, F., Brue, T. C., & Castinetti, F. (2023) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2023.03.014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Deng, Y., Huang, M., Deng, R., & Wang, J. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000037562 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“[18] Abdominal imaging of ICIs-associated AI may show evidences of adrenalitis, presenting bilateral enlarged adrenals with relatively smooth borders, [19] but the imaging results have also been reported to be normal.”
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors and kidney disease
Wang, Q., Moledina, D. G., & Sise, M. E. (2022) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000805 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Presumptive iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism induced by high-dose ketoconazole administration in a dog
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Metabolic consequences of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A new challenge in clinical practice
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Thyroid Dysfunction from Treatments for Solid Organ Cancers
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Endocrine dysfunctions during treatment of immune-checkpoint inhibitors
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- Authors
- Min, L., & Ibrahim, N.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e15
- ISSN
- 2213-8587 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4106239
- OpenAlex
- W2032060513
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007529)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K08HD070957)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- ipilimumab, autoimmune adrenalitis, Addison's disease, secondary adrenal insufficiency, CTLA-4 blockade, melanoma, hypophysitis, aldosterone, hydrocortisone replacement
- MeSH terms
- Ipilimumab, Adrenal Gland Diseases, Adrenal Insufficiency, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Autoimmune Diseases, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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