Cited by 264Diabetes and associated disordersDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Trends in incidence of youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the USA, 2002–18: results from the population-based SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study

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Wagenknecht, Lynne E, Lawrence, Jean M, Isom, Scott, Jensen, Elizabeth T, Dabelea, Dana, Liese, Angela D, Dolan, Lawrence M, Shah, Amy S, Bellatorre, Anna, Sauder, Katherine, Marcovina, Santica, Reynolds, Kristi, Pihoker, Catherine, Imperatore, Giuseppina, Divers, Jasmin·2023·The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

DOI 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00025-6PMC PMC10091237

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Abstract

Background The incidence of diabetes is increasing in children and young people. We aimed to describe the incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and young people aged younger than 20 years over a 17-year period. Methods The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study identified children and young people aged 0-19 years with a physician diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes at five centres in the USA between 2002 and 2018. Eligible participants included non-military and non-institutionalised individuals who resided in one of the study areas at the time of diagnosis. The number of children and young people at risk of diabetes was obtained from the census or health plan member counts. Generalised autoregressive moving average models were used to examine trends, and data are presented as incidence of type 1 diabetes per 100 000 children and young people younger than 20 years and incidence of type 2 diabetes per 100 000 children and young people aged between 10 years and younger than 20 years across categories of age, sex, race or ethnicity, geographical region, and month or season of diagnosis. Findings We identified 18 169 children and young people aged 0-19 years with type 1 diabetes in 85 million person-years and 5293 children and young people aged 10-19 years with type 2 diabetes in 44 million person-years. In 2017-18, the annual incidence of type 1 diabetes was 22·2 per 100 000 and that of type 2 diabetes was 17·9 per 100 000. The model for trend captured both a linear effect and a moving-average effect, with a significant increasing (annual) linear effect for both type 1 diabetes (2·02% [95% CI 1·54-2·49]) and type 2 diabetes (5·31% [4·46-6·17]). Children and young people from racial and ethnic minority groups such as non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children and young people had greater increases in incidence for both types of diabetes. Peak age at diagnosis was 10 years (95% CI 8-11) for type 1 diabetes and 16 years (16-17) for type 2 diabetes. Season was significant for type 1 diabetes (p=0·0062) and type 2 diabetes (p=0·0006), with a January peak in diagnoses of type 1 diabetes and an August peak in diagnoses of type 2 diabetes. Interpretation The increasing incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and young people in the USA will result in an expanding population of young adults at risk of developing early complications of diabetes whose health-care needs will exceed those of their peers. Findings regarding age and season of diagnosis will inform focused prevention efforts. Funding US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and US National Institutes of Health.

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Authors: Wagenknecht, L. E., Lawrence, J. M., Isom, S., Jensen, E. T., Dabelea, D., Liese, A. D., Dolan, L. M., Shah, A. S., Bellatorre, A., Sauder, K., Marcovina, S., Reynolds, K., Pihoker, C., Imperatore, G., & Divers, J.
Affiliations: Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
University of South Carolina (US)
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
Medpace (United States) (US)
Kaiser Permanente (US)
University of Washington (US)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine (US)
ORCID: Wagenknecht, Lynne E
Lawrence, Jean M
Isom, Scott
Jensen, Elizabeth T
Dabelea, Dana
Liese, Angela D
Dolan, Lawrence M
Shah, Amy S
Bellatorre, Anna
Sauder, Katherine
Marcovina, Santica
Reynolds, Kristi
Pihoker, Catherine
Imperatore, Giuseppina
Divers, Jasmin
Venue: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2023-04
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Pages: 242-250
ISSN: 2213-8587 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00025-6
PMC: PMC10091237
OpenAlex: W4322603974
Cited by: 264
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 73 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 17
FWCI: 43.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 173 d)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (acceptedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1U18DP006131, U18DP006133, U18DP006134, U18DP006136, U18DP006138, U18DP006139)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, youth-onset diabetes, incidence trends, children and young people, SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, racial and ethnic disparities, age at diagnosis, sex differences, non-Hispanic Black youth, Latino youth, diabetes risk factors, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes, environmental risk factors
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Ethnicity, Humans, Infant, Minority Groups, United States, Incidence, Young Adult

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Trends in incidence of youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the USA, 2002–18: results from the population-based SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study

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