Cited by 931Tryptophan and brain disordersSchizophrenia research and treatmentNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

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Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment

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Khandaker, Golam M, Cousins, Lesley, Deakin, Julia, Lennox, Belinda R, Yolken, Robert, Jones, Peter B·2015·The Lancet Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00122-9PMC PMC4595998

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Abstract

Complex interactions between the immune system and the brain might have important aetiological and therapeutic implications for neuropsychiatric brain disorders. A possible association between schizophrenia and the immune system was postulated over a century ago, and is supported by epidemiological and genetic studies pointing to links with infection and inflammation. Contrary to the traditional view that the brain is an immunologically privileged site shielded behind the blood-brain barrier, studies in the past 20 years have noted complex interactions between the immune system, systemic inflammation, and the brain, which can lead to changes in mood, cognition, and behaviour. In this Review, we describe some of the important areas of research regarding innate and adaptive immune response in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders that, we think, will be of interest to psychiatric clinicians and researchers. We discuss potential mechanisms and therapeutic implications of these findings, including studies of anti-inflammatory drugs in schizophrenia, describe areas for development, and offer testable hypotheses for future investigations.

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Authors: Khandaker, G. M., Cousins, L., Deakin, J., Lennox, B. R., Yolken, R., & Jones, P. B.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
University of Oxford (GB)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Khandaker, Golam M
Cousins, Lesley
Lennox, Belinda R
Yolken, Robert
Jones, Peter B
Venue: The Lancet Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-03
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Pages: 258-270
ISSN: 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00122-9
PMC: PMC4595998
OpenAlex: W2121637331
Cited by: 926
References: 135
Citations by year: 2026: 82 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 5
FWCI: 3.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Apollo (University of Cambridge) (acceptedVersion)
Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust to GMK ((094790/Z/10/Z; 2010-'13))
National Institute of Mental Health ((MH-94268))
Wellcome Trust ((095844/Z/11/Z and 088869/Z/09/Z))
National Institute for Health Research ((RP-PG-0606–1335))
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: schizophrenia, inflammation, immunity, innate immune response, adaptive immune response, infection, blood-brain barrier, anti-inflammatory agents, psychosis, pathophysiology, treatment
MeSH terms: Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Schizophrenia, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment

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