Mental health care for university students: a way forward?
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Research has identified that integrated models of university-based mental health care that can meet a spectrum of student wellbeing and mental health support needs across prevention, early intervention, and treatment, rather than stand-alone interventions, are needed.
“however, research has identified that integrated models of university-based mental health care that can meet a spectrum of student wellbeing and mental health support needs across prevention, early intervention, and treatment, rather than stand-alone interventions, are needed.”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health (2024) · cites this paper as [345]
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The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health
McGorry, P. D., Mei, C., Dalal, N., Alvarez-Jimenez, M., Blakemore, S.-J., Browne, V., Dooley, B., Hickie, I. B., Jones, P. B., McDaid, D., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00163-9 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
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“7 Globally, university student populations are changing and more closely reflect the general population in terms of risk factors and rates of psychopathology, in part driven by increasing enrolment and widening access.”
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“There have been recent calls to reform mental health support for university students [11] and to develop stepped care models of psychological intervention to ease demands on existing mental health services [13].”
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“These challenges require universities to consider the best ways to provide needed mental health services including links with external providers and online options [9].”
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“A combination of accelerated brain development and the developmental task of transition to adult life and learning are some of the explanatory factors (Duffy et al. 2019).”
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“Therefore, a student-tailored and accessible clinical triage system with therapeutic benefit from the first contact and that maps student need to the appropriate level of support seems a priority.(5) Future studies are needed to examine the underlying associations and mechanisms driving mental health outcomes and to a…”
Self-citationStudent mental health and well-being: Overview and Future Directions
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“Community services are not designed to meet the significant needs of this group in respect of responding prior to symptom entrenchment and within term time, and the rigidity of catchment area boundaries can essentially act as a barrier to care (Duffy et al. 2019).”
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“7,8 11 The financial and educational benefits of higher education could reduce the risk of mental health problems, but are usually experienced some years after higher education.”
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“Psychiatry has historically played a major role in the development and provision of student mental health services in Canada post World War II.1 For example, in May 1963, a National Conference on student mental health was held at Queen’s University in partnership with the Canadian Mental Health Association and the Can…”
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“However, it also provides an essential window of opportunity for prompt prevention and intervention [9].”
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“Given the extensive mental health needs of university students, stepped-care approaches have been identified as an efficient strategy to organize the delivery of campus mental health services in Canada [44].”
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“First, there is a great competition to be admitted to medical school (Duffy et al., 2019).”
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“7 Furthermore, the student journey through different services could bene fi t from being more integrated (e.g., having shared electronic records), interactive, and collaborative (offered jointly by health promotion, disability, student health, and counselling services).”
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“…financial and domestic challenges alongside social changes such as leaving home, forming relationships, greater opportunities for use of recreational drugs or alcohol, potential sleep disruption and for some, study combined with employment or caring roles (Duffy et al. 2019; Student Minds n.d.).”
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“It has been shown that untreated mental health issues may progress into more complex psychiatric disorders, school dropout, addiction, and other auto-destructive behaviors [43].”
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“University coincides with a critical stage in biopsychosocial and academic development and presents an opportunity to develop healthy behaviours and socioemotional coping resources that promote well-being [1].”
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“Given that the transition to university involves a high risk of maladaptive coping, the appearance of psychopathology, and academic failure, universities must assume and offer prevention and intervention measures within an integrated mental health care system for students [19].”
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InfluentialMachine Learning Models based Mental Health Detection
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“Higher education institutions should take a leading role in trying to prevent such progression of suicidality in students at the beginning of their studies.(20,21) Scores on the SIDAS were highest for respondents who did not wish to identify themselves as either men or women.”
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“Some distinguished frameworks that promote these values cohesively are the widely endorsed Okanagan Charter,(28) the Community of Practice model implemented in British Columbia and Alberta,(38) the Healthy Campus approach adopted by institutions across the nation,(19) and the model of an integrated system of student m…”
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Self-citationA randomized clinical trial of a gamified app for the treatment of perfectionism
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“Primary factors that may account for underutilization of these services include counselling centres being overwhelmed and understaffed, shame and stigma, and problems with the dissemination of information to students about mental health and available treatments (Duffy et al., 2019).”
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“As the prevalence of Common mental disorders (CMDs) among university students rises significantly [1, 2], an increasing number of studies focus on the mental health of this demographic.”
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“It is argued that Stepped Care Models (SCM) for PSS should be formulated on the basis of matching the appropriate type and intensity of care with an individual’s needs, preferences and readiness to change, and then stepping up or down treatment intensity as these vary [7–9].”
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The Benefits of Mindfulness for University Students
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“Both the demand and complexity of needs for mental health services are exceeding capacity as university student enrollment and diversity are increasing globally (Duffy et al., 2019).”
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“There are mixed findings around whether students have more mental health problems than their age matched peers [3], and many of the demands of young adulthood, regardless of student status could lead to increased risk of mental health problems [4,5].”
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Student mental health research: moving forwards with clear definitions
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“This, alongside the fact many students are not permanently resident in their place of study (meaning difficulties with waiting lists, and with continuity of support), has bolstered the argument that universities have a vital role to play in student mental health and well-being (Duffy et al., 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialWrite and Let Go: An Online Writing Program for University Students
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“Student mental health issues are now recognised as a global public health concern (Sheldon et al., 2021) Anxiety, negative mood and stress are common mental health issues among university students (Duffy et al., 2019; Fan et al., 2024; Hysenbegasi et al., 2005).”
Sivertsen, B., Skogen, J. C., Petrie, K. J., O’Connor, R. C., Knudsen, A. K., Kirkøen, B., Reneflot, A., Lønning, K.-J., & Hysing, M. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2025.10435 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A feasibility study on a novel well-being intervention for university students
Hunt, E., & Coombes, L. (2021) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2021.74 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Challenging transitions, increased stress and mental ill health can affect students ’ academic performance and their desire and capacity to remain in higher education (Duffy et al .”
Goel, A., Ali, R., Upsher, R., Padickaparambil, S., Byrom, N., & Ramachandran, S. (2025) · Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13603108.2024.2384979 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Students pursuing higher education are primarily emerging adults, moving through a critical developmental period defined by greater autonomy and responsibility, family separation, and individuation (Duffy et al. 2019).”
Fadda, S. M. N., Romero, H. C. C., Lizardo, N. S. G., & Castillón, J. A. S. (2023) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe14010005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The responsibilities and limits of university institutions concerning students’ mental health are still undefined [70].”
BackgroundCraig, F., Colella, G. M., Tenuta, F., Mauti, M., Gravina, A., Calomino, M. L., Plastina, R., Polito, A., & Costabile, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1602009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Upsher, R., Prabhakar, S., Damjanović, T., Conner, S., Ward, J., Rakow, K. E., Waqar, L., Lawson, H., & Byrom, N. (2025) · Educational Research and Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2025.100716 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Luo, X., Xu, Q., Fan, K., Wang, J., Wei, D., Wang, X., Lou, X., Lin, H., Wang, C., Wu, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.936700 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mental Health Status Among Iranian Medical University Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Asghari, S. Z., Seid‐Mohammadi, A., Roshanaei, G., Arbabpoori, F., & Panahi, S. (2022) · Journal of Education and Community Health · doi:10.34172/jech.2022.17 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Different studies have confirmed the direct relationship between individual mental health and social progress in a way that providing bases for a healthy and dynamic life guarantees the health of a community for the coming years (3).”
BackgroundFu, S., Fang, J., Cai, Z., Lim, E. T. K., Tan, C., & Yang, H. (2022) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-09-2020-0485 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cerutti, R., Spensieri, V., Amendola, S., Biuso, G. S., Renzi, A., Gambardella, A., & Tambelli, R. (2023) · Minerva Psychiatry · doi:10.23736/s2724-6612.22.02312-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kearney, C. A., Fensken, M., & Dupont, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1272297 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Richardson, L., Long, E., Goodfellow, C., Milicev, J., & Gardani, M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297953 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Starting university increases exposure to a variety of stressors associated with adjusting to an entirely new academic and, importantly, social environment [7].”
BackgroundNurture-U student mental health longitudinal survey: a study protocol
Marshall, E., Duffy, A. C., Chamberlain, S. R., Dooley, J., Dorey, L., Forty, L., Matlock, K., Newbold, A., Quinn, A., Rees, S., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098413 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…use of validated and clinically robust measures for assessing mental health difficulties among students—while there have been many surveys of students, few have used validated measures and most use bespoke internal measures (for exceptions see Auerbach et al; 4 Auerbach et al; 5 Duffy et al 16 ).”
Self-citationTransitions to campus mental health care in university students: Determinants and predictors
Patten, S. B., King, N., Munir, A., Bulloch, A. G. M., Devoe, D. J. A., Rivera, D., Byun, J., Cunningham, S., Dimitropoulos, G., Bhattarai, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2022.2115303 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationZemestani, M., Abdolmaleki, S., McGrew, S. J., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2023) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2023.2190366 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…a critical developmental period and presents many challenges, including leaving home, increased independence, changes in peer groups, new social connections, maintenance of academic responsibilities, and increased access to alcohol and drugs (Duffy et al., 2019; Storrie, Ahern, & Tuckett, 2010).”
BackgroundEdwards, E. J., Zhang, X., Chu, K. L., Cosgrove, L. K., & Vaughan, R. S. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111826 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
How Can the University Environment Support Student Quality of Life? A Novel Conceptual Model
Dodd, A., Punton, G., McLaren, J. M. A., Sillence, E., & Byrom, N. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14050547 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bennett, J., Haworth, C. M. A., Kidger, J., Heron, J., Linton, M.-J., & Gunnell, D. (2024) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2024.711 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nursing students’ attitudes and experiences with mental illness: A cross-sectional study
Alexander, L., Rinehart, N., Hay, M., Boyd, L., & Foster, K. (2022) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2022.09.011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Francis‐Taylor, R., Lipscomb, R., Sanatkar, S., Healy, M., & Kefalas, B. (2023) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/10398562231169611 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, consistent data collection and reporting on the mental health of university students has yet to be established, with best practice recommendations proposing improvement in this area to facilitate further policy and clinical service program development, as well as guiding research.(1,3,8)”
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“…on early detection and appropriate referrals, the counseling center provides psychological support in university life, and the support center for students with disabilities is responsible for creating an inclusive university environment through reasonable accommodations (Duffy et al., 2019).”
Asociación Peruana Contextual-Conductual de Psicología, P., & Valencia, P. D. (2020) · Liberabit Revista Peruana de Psicología · doi:10.24265/liberabit.2020.v26n2.05 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“There is increasing interest in identifying mental health predictors in this population (Auerbach et al., 2018; Duffy et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPirbaglou, M., El Morr, C., Ahmad, F., & Ritvo, P. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/65853 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The MVC intervention was an 8-week web-based intervention based on mindfulness and cognitive-behavior therapy (M-CBT) principles that addressed psychological distress in university students [45,46].”
Framework and Overview of a State-Wide College Mental Health Program in Kerala, India
Jaisoorya, T. S., Joseph, S., Kalarani, K. S., Menon, M., Smita, G. S., Shini, V. S., Jose, S. E., Mahesh, M., Shibu, K., Sujisha, T. G., et al. (2022) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176221122407 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
What medical students want from Mental Health Self-Help Resources: A focus group study
Edwin, J., Cornwall, J., & Plooy, K. D. (2024) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2024.200353 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hamdan, H. M., Alislimah, G. A., Alshalawi, H., Alharbi, K., Alsaif, M. I., & Sulimany, A. M. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12212193 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fahdi, A. R. A., Alharrasi, M., Al-Abri, K., Nabhani, S. A., Shajabi, M. A., & Hinai, S. A. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104544 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
de Souza, R. C., & Scott, C. F. (2022) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel13080681 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Duffy, A., Saunders, K. E. A., Malhi, G. S., Patten, S., Cipriani, A., McNevin, S. H., MacDonald, E., & Geddes, J.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- National Health Service (GB)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- The Lancet Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 885-887
- ISSN
- 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2958666142
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 27.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research (RP-2017-08-ST2-006)
- NIHR (grant BRC-1215-20005)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- mental health services, university students, transition to college, student mental health services, treatment delay, psychosocial stressors, self-harm, suicide prevention, integrated care model, prevention and early intervention, medical students, mental health professionals, mental health literacy, mental health law, mental health funding
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Mental Health Services, Students, Universities
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