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Institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation of children 1: a systematic and integrative review of evidence regarding effects on development
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“Institutionalization and neglect can result in long-term negative effects, including impaired physical growth, delayed cognitive development, and increased risk for psychological disorders.”
From Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Receiving foster care, compared to institutional care, has been associated with better developmental outcomes and improved physical and mental health in children (Bos et al., 2011; van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
From Telomere trajectories from early adolescence to adulthood following early institutionalization: Protective effects of foster care in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Early institutional care is associated with long-lasting adverse outcomes across neurodevelopmental, cognitive, socioemotional, and physical health domains.”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“whereas later placement (i.e., after 24 months of age) and more placement disruptions have been linked to less favorable outcomes (i.e., no group-level differences among FCG compared to CAUG) (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Earlier placement into foster care (i.e., before 24 months of age) and greater placement stability have been consistently linked to more resilient outcomes across various domains”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Given that psychosocial deprivation both in institutional and family-based contexts is linked to delays in cognitive, physical, and socioemotional development (2,(4)(5)(6), understanding the impact of interventions that aim to promote recovery from early neglect is a public health priority.”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Institutionalization and neglect can result in long-term negative effects, including impaired physical growth, delayed cognitive development, and increased risk for psychological disorders.”
From Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Transitioning from institutional care to a family-based setting, such as foster care, is associated with improved health outcomes in the years immediately following the move out of institutional environments”
From Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Institutionalization and neglect can result in long-term negative effects, including impaired physical growth, delayed cognitive development, and increased risk for psychological disorders.”
From Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In institutions, staff often have little training, and lack time and resources to provide consistent, high-quality care to children (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020;Zeanah et al., 2003).”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Early institutionalization is a severe form of early life adversity characterized by marked psychosocial deprivation that can have profound, long-lasting, adverse effects on development (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“There is also evidence that more time spent in institutional care is associated with greater and more persistent developmental delays, with physical growth exhibiting the strongest effects, followed by cognitive and socioemotional development (Nelson et al., 2007;Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Unfortunately, millions of children being raised without parents experience severe deprivation in the context of institutional care, where high child-to-caregiver ratios and lack of nurturing care lead to psychosocial neglect even when survival needs are met (1,2).”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For instance, although the BEIP findings are consistent with other studies indicating substantial recovery for cognitive development and physical growth, in contrast to the current findings of, on average, improved symptoms of psychopathology, the meta-analysis of observational studies does not indicate recovery in children's socioemotional functioning.”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For instance, although the BEIP findings are consistent with other studies indicating substantial recovery for cognitive development and physical growth, in contrast to the current findings of, on average, improved symptoms of psychopathology, the meta-analysis of observational studies does not indicate recovery in children's socioemotional functioning.”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Differences in findings between these observational studies and the BEIP may be related to the experimental design of the BEIP, which controlled for confounders (e.g., bias in selection of children for deinstitutionalization), and to the foster care intervention possibly delivering higher quality care than is typical following deinstitutionalization (2).”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Van IJzendoorn et al. (2020) suggest that this ' disagreement as to whether policy should focus on eliminating, transforming or improving ' (p.703) is linked to a need for consensus on how evidence related to care settings is interpreted.”
From Residential care as an alternative care option: A review of literature within a global context (2022) · cites this paper as van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
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Citations
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Apedaile, D., DeLong, A. K., Sang, E., Ayuku, D., Atwoli, L., Galárraga, O., & Braitstein, P. K. A. (2022) · eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) · Cited by 5
Advocating the need for neuro-informed working with intercountry adoptees
Vinke, A. J. G. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105599 · Cited by 5
Institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation of children
Allen, S., Bulic, I., Rosenthal, E., Laurin-Bowie, C., Roozen, S., & Cuk, V. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30301-1 · Cited by 5
Doering‐White, J., Darrow, J. H., Grace, B. L., Roth, B., Herring, A., & Liew, S. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108093 · Cited by 4
Karhu, V.-M., Peltonen, A., & Flykt, M. S. (2026) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108074 · Cited by 4
Measuring early experiences: Challenges and future directions
Humphreys, K. L., & King, L. S. (2025) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101637 · Cited by 6
“…abuse, etc.) and variations within the “ normative ” range (such as the quality and quantity of parenting behaviors like language input, degree of sensitivity, and enriching activities) influence developmental trajectories (Farber et al., 2022; Hailes et al., 2019; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Fu, Y., Jordan, L. P., Hoiting, I., Kim, T., & Wickramage, K. P. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107234 · Cited by 4
Transnational Private Actors Shaping the Policy and Practice of Child Institutionalisation
Ulybina, O. (2024) · Social Policy and Society · doi:10.1017/s1474746424000095 · Cited by 4
Moretti, M. P., Ureta, N. L. E. I., & Torrecilla, N. M. (2024) · Acta Colombiana de Psicología · doi:10.14718/acp.2024.27.2.1 · Cited by 6
“On this basis, deinstitutionalization and family strengthening policies are proposed, of which temporary foster care is one of them (Browne, 2017; Gaviria Chica et al., 2023; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCarrera, P., Miller, L. C., Palacios, J., & Román, M. (2025) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.70068 · Cited by 4
“Institutions are typically characterized by high caregiver- to-child ratios, rotating staff, rigid routines, and a low degree of one- to-one interactions (The St. Petersburg-USA Orphanage Research Team, 2005; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020 ).”
InfluentialAdaptive Behavior in Slovak Children with Intellectual Disability in Institutional Care
Hapčová, M., Celušáková, H., Turoňová, D., Váňová, M., Besedová, L., Demkaninová, D., & Babinská, K. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9121911 · Cited by 5
“Children with disabilities are over-represented in institutions worldwide; however, the exact number of children in institutions, in general, but also specifically with disabilities or ID, is unknown [27,28].”
BackgroundEdwards, C., Kennedy, M., Knights, N., Kovshoff, H., Kreppner, J., Maughan, B., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2024) · Adoption & Fostering · doi:10.1177/03085759231212497 · Cited by 4
“…exposed to early prolonged and severe deprivation, mental health difficulties can be compounded by neurodevelopmental challenges and cognitive delay (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020), necessitating high levels of social, educational and mental health support post adoption (Goldman et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationNeville, S. E., Wakia, J., Hembling, J., Bradford, B., Saran, I., Lombe, M., & Crea, T. M. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-024-00968-x · Cited by 4
“In tandem, researchers have been using quantitative methods for decades to examine the well-being of children who live in or formerly lived in residential care (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialFAMILY MATTERS: GROWING UP IN FAMILY-BASED CARE MAKES A WORLD OF A DIFFERENCE
Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2024) · Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society Medical Sciences · doi:10.25040/ntsh2024.01.05 · Cited by 5
Self-citationIs there a need for residential care or not?
Henderson, B. B. (2025) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2025.2486555 · Cited by 4
“The first (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020) reports a set of analyses of hundreds of studies from the previous 70 years and from the BEIP.”
Baptista, J., Camilo, C., Magalhães, E., Feher, A., Ramos, C., & Alves, S. (2025) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102079 · Cited by 4
Semya, G. V. (2021) · Social Sciences and Childhood · doi:10.17759/ssc.2021020201 · Cited by 4
Guillermo, V., de Uclés, S., & Bunkers, K. M. (2022) · Global Studies of Childhood · doi:10.1177/20436106221082666 · Cited by 4
Orphanage Trafficking and the Sustainable Development Goals
van Doore, K. E., & Nhep, R. (2023) · Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond · doi:10.1177/23493003231155989 · Cited by 4
“…institutional care were ‘at risk of severe physical or sexual abuse, violation of fundamental human rights, trafficking for sex or labour, exploitation through orphan tourism, and risk to health and wellbeing after being subjected to medical experimentation’ (van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020, p. 706).”
BackgroundClientelism in Cambodian residential care institutions
Nhep, R. (2024) · Children s Geographies · doi:10.1080/14733285.2024.2431727 · Cited by 4
“Residential care institutions (RCIs) are considered high-risk environments prone to abuse, exploitation, and child trafficking (Van IJzendoorn et al. 2020; Van Doore and Nhep 2023).”
Asylum-seeking children in shutdown: Neurobiological models
Kozlowska, K., Scher, S., Helgeland, H., & Carrive, P. (2021) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/25161032211036162 · Cited by 4
“It has been shown, for example, that institutionalized orphan children exposed to early deprivation show a range changes in brain structure and brain and stress system (e.g., hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function) (Gunnar, 2015; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Backgroundvan IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ye7jh · Cited by 4
Self-citationCognitive Functioning of Children in Out-of-Home Care
Eiberg, M. (2023) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-023-00580-8 · Cited by 7
“Moreover, children in residential care show rapid brain growth and increased cognitive development when deinstitutionalized in foster care, the birth family or an adoptive family (Van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMuzi, S., Rogier, G., Bizzi, F., & Pace, C. S. (2024) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.3059 · Cited by 3
Alves, S., Casanova, M. L., Sanches‐Ferreira, M., Araujo, S. B. C., Nobre-Lima, L., & Santos, C. C. (2024) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-024-10187-6 · Cited by 4
“…the impact on their quality of life and broad physical and psychological development and well-being (Goldman et al., 2020; UN General Assembly, 1989, 2010; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020) led to the need to increase advocacy for family-based care for at risk children and youth (Herczog et al., 2021a).”
Do we really protect children? Evaluating child protection measures in two meta-analyses
Sterenborg, T., Wissink, I. B., van Nieuwenhuijzen, M., & Assink, M. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108657 · Cited by 3
Vedasto, V., Nkuba, M. G., & Mkongo, J. (2026) · Journal of Human Rights and Social Work · doi:10.1007/s41134-026-00444-9 · Cited by 3
“…community-based intervention approaches which focus on supporting families within their communities to build capacity to care for orphans must involve local authorities like religious leaders and officers that take care of orphaned children (Abuya et al., 2024; Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Nsabimana, E., Rutembesa, E., Gishoma, D., Uwineza, J., Fasseur, F., Herczog, M., & Martin-Söelch, C. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105870 · Cited by 6
Levin, S. N., Isohanni, F., Granqvist, P., & Forslund, T. (2024) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2024.2419589 · Cited by 3
“Such events, fairly uncommon in many countries, include institutional care (Ismayilova et al., 2023; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020), and prolonged separations from and losses of caregivers due to parental work migration (Hewage et al., 2011) and war and forced migration (Jones-Mason et al., 2021).”
Berth, F. (2021) · The History of the Family · doi:10.1080/1081602x.2021.1943488 · Cited by 3
The “Parent” Children in Organizations for Orphans
Zaytseva, N. G., & Kolesnikova, U. V. (2021) · Social Sciences and Childhood · doi:10.17759/ssc.2021020202 · Cited by 3
Reid, B. M., Zhong, D., Donzella, B., Howland, M. A., Moua, B., & Gunnar, M. R. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13594 · Cited by 3
Self-citationWilke, N. G., Howard, A. R. H., & Forber-Pratt, I. A. (2022) · Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/17450128.2022.2081393 · Cited by 4
“Although research suggests that children develop better in families than in residential care (Van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020), the expedited timelines for many of these returns did not allow for adequate assessment and preparation (Wilke, Howard, Goldman et al., 2020).”
BackgroundHoward, A. R. H., Forber-Pratt, I. A., & Wilke, N. G. (2022) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/25161032221118379 · Cited by 3
“Characterization of rapid unprepared return Decades of research suggests children in family care have better outcomes (Nelson et al., 2019; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundHow Are Leadership Programs Empowering Our Vulnerable Children and Youth? A Scoping Review
Bastable, K., Cooke, P. A., Harvey, L., Olarte, V., Zimmerman, J., & Dada, S. (2022) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci12010002 · Cited by 5
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Self-citationMcCarthy, L. P. (2023) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2023.2261398 · Cited by 6
The deinstitutionalization of children and adolescents in El Salvador's child protection system
Perrigo, J. L., Molina, A. P., López, O., Traube, D. E., & Palinkas, L. A. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106601 · Cited by 5
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Parental education and attitudes towards institutionalization of children in West Java, Indonesia
Andrina, M., Nazif‐Muñoz, J. I., Smith, R., Shirley, A., Sudrajat, T., Utami, A. Y., & Ruiz‐Casares, M. (2024) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100072 · Cited by 3
Development and validation of a new scale to assess motivations for fostering
Alves, S., Camilo, C., Pereira, L., Grangeia, H., Rodrigues, L. B., Negrão, M., Ornelas, S., Soares, I., & Baptista, J. (2024) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2024.2446762 · Cited by 3
“Evidence on child alternative care suggests that family foster care is generally more protective of children’s development than residential care (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020), offering a more individualized, stable, and responsive context for children’s development (Bakermans-Kranenburg & van…”
Winnette, P., & Abramson, L. (2025) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2024.2444722 · Cited by 3
“Therefore, institutionalization should be minimized, and placing children in stable foster or adoptive families should be a priority (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
InfluentialLozano, M. J. M., Zornoza, M. G., Rubio, E. L., & Yubero-Jiménez, S. (2025) · Social Work With Groups · doi:10.1080/01609513.2025.2468636 · Cited by 3
“Progress is being made in the study of institutional maltreatment and violation of rights (Fernández-Artamendi et al., 2020; Konstantopoulou & Mantziou, 2020; Van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Flemming, E., Knorr, S., Lübke, L., Müller, S., Bergunde, L., Ludwig, M., Weidner, K., Spitzer, C., & Steudte‐Schmiedgen, S. (2025) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-2562-8649 · Cited by 3
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Carvalho, H., Ferreira, T., Santos, B., Costa, M., Matos, P. M., & Mota, C. P. (2024) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2024.2329230 · Cited by 4
“By shedding light on these dynamics, the research seeks to inform the development of therapeutic care strategies, thereby mitigating the potential adverse effects of institutionalization (Carvalho, Mota, Santos, Costa, & Matos, 2022b; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Social relationships in adults who were adopted following institutional deprivation
Kennedy, M., Edwards, C., Kreppner, J., Knights, N., Kovshoff, H., Maughan, B., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2024) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075241259116 · Cited by 3
Self-citationMorency, M. M., Donzella, B., Reid, B. M., Lee, R. M., Dengel, D. R., & Gunnar, M. R. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424000932 · Cited by 4
“Rearing in an orphanage-like institution is a particularly severe form of early stress (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Self-citationNixon, C. (2024) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth4030067 · Cited by 2
“Institutional care is characterized by the use of strict routines to provide depersonalized care [10].”
BackgroundInfluentialChidhumo, V., Abraham, J., & Kufakunesu, M. (2024) · E-Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences · doi:10.38159/ehass.20245136 · Cited by 2
Oral Hygiene Status and Psychological Factors Among Sheltered Adolescents in Recife
Vasconcelos, G. B., de Melo, J. R. T., Barreira, A. K., & Colares, V. (2024) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12888 · Cited by 2
Mishra, M., & Khuntia, R. (2025) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-025-09869-1 · Cited by 2
“The analysis also revealed a twofold rise in insecure attachment and a fourfold increase in disordered or unclassifiable attachments (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020 ).”
Survival of the nurtured: A 60-year follow-up study on mortality in institutionalised infants.
Lannen, P., Sand, H., Chaouch, A., Sticca, F., Castro, R. P., Wehrle, F., Rousson, V., & Jenni, O. (2026) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108040 · Cited by 2
From global families to domestic solutions: China’s child welfare after international adoption
Yin, S. (2025) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2025.2553142 · Cited by 2
Makhoul, Z., Long, J. M., Ndonji, M., Moore, C., Mwandileya, W. S., Lunda, E., Miller, K., Miller, B. S., & TAREN, D. L. (2025) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.20023 · Cited by 2
Zournatzidis, P., Kurt, Y., Fonagy, P., Vorria, P., & Luyten, P. (2025) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579425100977 · Cited by 3
“More recent systematic reviews confirm that adoptees outperform children who remain in institutional care on measures of IQ, academic achievement, socioemotional and behavioral functioning, underscoring the protective role of adoption (Christoffersen, 2012; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
InfluentialRogers, J. M., Ledwith, A., Martin, F., Restoy, E., & Rose, C. (2026) · Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond · doi:10.1177/23493003251413922 · Cited by 2
“…the importance of the family environment and family-based alternative care solutions, which provide a more supportive environment and foster resilience through more consistent, individualised and nurturing relationships with carers than those in residential settings (van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
InfluentialDeinstitutionalization as a Child Protection Strategy for Residential Institutions in Zimbabwe
Gozho, C. S., Muzingili, T., Muchuchu, S., & Sithole, J. D. S. (2026) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/14680173261443998 · Cited by 2
Martsenkovskyi, D., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009667098 · Cited by 3
Self-citationEl Apego Va a Juicio: Problemas de Custodia y Protección Infantil1
Forslund, T., Granqvist, P., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Hammarlund, M., Schuengel, C., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Steele, H., et al. (2021) · Anuario de Psicología Jurídica · doi:10.5093/apj2021a26 · Cited by 7
“…los cuidados en familia en los que no haya ni maltrato ni negligencia son probablemente mejores que los cuidados institucionales, asociados a relaciones de cuidado sumamente ines-tables que dan lugar a déficits en el desarrollo y problemas de salud mental infantil (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
InfluentialSelf-citationA Cross-National Comparison of Residential Care for Children and Youth
James, S. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197644300.003.0003 · Cited by 2
Wilson-Barthes, M. G., Braitstein, P. K. A., DeLong, A. K., Ayuku, D., Atwoli, L., Sang, E., & Galárraga, O. (2022) · MDM Policy & Practice · doi:10.1177/23814683221143782 · Cited by 2
“, orphanages, charitable institutions), including deficits and delays in physical growth and neurocognitive development.(9,10) Communities that choose to prioritize and scale up family-based care for orphaned and separated children will need up-to-date information on budget demands to be able to sustain these environm…”
BackgroundPeng, Y.-H., Liu, Y., & Tan, T. X. (2023) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling · doi:10.1080/23727810.2023.2233273 · Cited by 2
Giving voice to young adopted women of Chinese origin: Searching for origins and identity
Villalba, A. C., Maya, J., & Cáceres, I. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107181 · Cited by 2
Hjern, A., Palacios, J., Despax, J., & Vinnerljung, B. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107215 · Cited by 2
Attachment Theory: Its Absence and Role in Deinstitutionalisation Strategies
BANKS, C. (2023) · Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond · doi:10.1177/23493003231211563 · Cited by 2
“…when they had a ‘preferred attachment figure’, or was a ‘favourite’ of one or more staff, showing that relationships developed in institutional care may have a significant impact on the ‘degree and rate of recovery’ after being placed in a family environment (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020, p.13).”
Influentialde Voss, S. S., Wilson, P., Ertmann, R. K., & Overbeck, G. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-04800-4 · Cited by 2
“Multiple risks and resilience factors affect infant mental health, and deviant behaviour in infants and young children is associated with psychopathology later in life [1, 3].”
BackgroundMonitoring change from residential housing care to family-based care for children
Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2024) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(24)00102-0 · Cited by 2
Self-citationA systematic review examining outcomes of children following permanency placements
Longshaw, A., Irvine, L. A., Minnis, H., & Kainth, G. (2024) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/25161032241288451 · Cited by 2
“…including experience of institutionalisation or may be less likely to have early experiences of maltreatment as cultural norms may result in unmarried mothers relinquishing care of their children to the state, rather than removal due to child welfare concerns (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Impact of clientelism on the rights of children in residential care: Cambodia and Myanmar
Nhep, R. (2024) · The International Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.1080/13642987.2024.2432968 · Cited by 2
“…underpins international commitments to phase out institutional care and strengthen the regulation of alternative care services to ensure the rights of children are upheld (UNGA, 2019; UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2022; UNGA, 2019; Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020, p. 8).”
Alves, C. P., Costa, M., Relva, I. C., & Mota, C. P. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108264 · Cited by 3
Mkinga, G., Kirika, A., Hecker, T., & Hermenau, K. (2025) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100155 · Cited by 4
López, L. C., Robles, Y. D. L. F., Gutiérrez, V. F., Aranda, M., & Espinilla, M. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13168919 · Cited by 2
“, inter-relational conflicts, mental health issues), continue to maintain relationships with them [18,19], which contributes to the destabilization of their process of maturation and adult independence.”
BackgroundBunyan, E. (2021) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v10i7.1409 · Cited by 2
Other people’s children and the critical role of the social service workforce
Desmond, C., Watt, K., Tomlinson, M., Williamson, J., Sherr, L., Sullivan, M., & Cluver, L. D. (2022) · Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/17450128.2022.2040762 · Cited by 2
“Families make mistakes and fall short of what may be best for their children, but family care, even with its shortcomings, is by far the best way to nurture children and develop their capacities (Van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundForslund, T., Granqvist, P., Hammarlund, M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Steele, H., Shaver, P. R., Schuengel, C., et al. (2022) · Devenir · doi:10.3917/dev.221.0015 · Cited by 3
Self-citationResidential Care for Children and Youth in Portugal
Barbosa‐Ducharne, M., & Soares, J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197644300.003.0018 · Cited by 2
Consecuencias del maltrato para el neurodesarrollo y su impacto en la vida adulta
Moraga, R. B. (2023) · Journal of Neuroeducation · doi:10.1344/joned.v4i1.42378 · Cited by 2
Kaufman, J. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30139-5 · Cited by 2
Rigby, M. (2021) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12907 · Cited by 2
Science Into Policy for the Benefit of Children: The Bucharest Early Intervention Project
Minnis, H. (2023) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20230455 · Cited by 2
Mens, M. M. J., Jopling, E., Hare, M., Drury, S. S., Nelson, C. A., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., & Slopen, N. (2026) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579426101540 · Cited by 1
Self-citationPronk, S., van den Berg, G., Mulder, E. A., Kuiper, C. H. Z., Stams, G. J. J. M., & Popma, A. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106809 · Cited by 2
Emotion understanding among institutionalized preschool children in India: A visual‐based approach
Mishra, M., & Khuntia, R. (2024) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12530 · Cited by 2
“The analysis also revealed a two-fold rise in insecure attachment and a four-fold increase in disordered or unclassifiable attachments (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Semya, G. V., Нисоновна, О. В., Lashkul, M. V., & Tarasova, A. E. (2024) · Psychology and Law · doi:10.17759/psylaw.2024140416 · Cited by 1
Attachment and socialization of siblings in Hungarian residential care: An ethnographic study
Titz-Mohácsi, V., & Széll, K. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108346 · Cited by 1
Baghdadi, F., Hands, C., John, A. M., Khanom, A., Rauktis, M. E., Soussi, A., & Snooks, H. A. (2025) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100192 · Cited by 2
Neville, S. E., Wakia, J., Hembling, J., Bradford, B., Kiandiko, M., Ochien'g, M. N. B., Apiyo, E., Karama, K., Kituku, A., Obuya, M., et al. (2025) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100212 · Cited by 1
Safe Care in Childhood and Adolescence Under Guardianship: Contributions From Attachment Theory
Lacasa, F., Martinez, M. J. R., Sadurní, M., Naya, B. F., & Mayoralas, I. F. (2025) · Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers · doi:10.70478/pap.psicol.2025.46.23 · Cited by 1
Sharma, P., Pollock, N. J., Hovdestad, W., Williams, G., & Tonmyr, L. (2025) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2025.1608481 · Cited by 1
“Group homes are a form of institutional care which create distinct risks for children [35].”
Why do people become a foster parent? Insights from a national study
Magalhães, E., Carvalho, H., Matoso, M., Pinto, V. S., Costa, P., Ferreira, S., Baptista, J., Anjos, C., & Graça, J. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108686 · Cited by 1
Bretesché, T., Pereira, M., Hallez, Q., Shankland, R., & Bacro, F. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-026-01081-x · Cited by 1
“This shift is concerning, as a large body of international research shows that institutional care is associated with poorer developmental and mental health outcomes compared with family-based care (Humphreys & Zeanah, 2015; Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020 ).”
Attachment in adoptees and non-adoptees from infancy to young adulthood: the Greek Metera study
Zournatzidis, P., Luyten, P., Fonagy, P., Salavou, V., & Vorria, P. (2026) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2026.2632638 · Cited by 1
“…and atypical attachment in childhood (Carlson et al., 2014; Chisholm, 1998; Lionetti et al., 2015; O’Connor et al., 2000; Tizard & Rees, 1975; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020; Zeanah, 2000; Zeanah et al., 2004, 2005), adolescence (Hodges & Tizard, 1989; Humphreys et al., 2017; Muzi & Pace,…”
InfluentialKindesmisshandlung und komplexe Traumafolgen bei ehemaligen Wochenkrippenkindern der DDR
Knorr, S., Lübke, L., Spitzer, C., & Flemming, E. (2026) · Zeitschrift für psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie · doi:10.13109/zptm.2026.72.1.4 · Cited by 1
Farley, J., Charnley, H., & Hackett, S. (2026) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108951 · Cited by 1
Social Correlates of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Importance of Context
Atwoli, L., & Ongeri, L. (2026) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000459 · Cited by 1
Post adoption support needs and implications for future practice – a systematic review
Bujor, A., Raikkerus, H., & Kennedy, M. (2026) · Adoption & Fostering · doi:10.1177/03085759261462194 · Cited by 1
“Adoptees with a history of institution-alisation may have experiences of early deprivation and trauma, necessitating social, educational, and emotional post-adoption support (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Tutnjević, S., & Vilendečić, J. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105764 · Cited by 1
The importance of a family for cognitive development: A commentary
Gunnar, M. R. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2213908119 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Duschinsky, R., Fox, N. A., Goldman, P. S., Gunnar, M. R., Johnson, D. E., Nelson, C. A., Reijman, S., Skinner, G. C. M., Zeanah, C. H., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Tulane University (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J S
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 703-720
- ISSN
- 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3036167712
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 50.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- institutional care, deinstitutionalization, institutionalization, child development, child well-being, institutionalized children, quality of care, family-based care
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Child, Child Development, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Deinstitutionalization, Female, Humans, Infant, Institutionalization, Male
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