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Institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation of children 1: a systematic and integrative review of evidence regarding effects on development
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“Institutionalization and neglect can result in long-term negative effects, including impaired physical growth, delayed cognitive development, and increased risk for psychological disorders.”
From Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Receiving foster care, compared to institutional care, has been associated with better developmental outcomes and improved physical and mental health in children (Bos et al., 2011; van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
From Telomere trajectories from early adolescence to adulthood following early institutionalization: Protective effects of foster care in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Early institutional care is associated with long-lasting adverse outcomes across neurodevelopmental, cognitive, socioemotional, and physical health domains.”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“whereas later placement (i.e., after 24 months of age) and more placement disruptions have been linked to less favorable outcomes (i.e., no group-level differences among FCG compared to CAUG) (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Earlier placement into foster care (i.e., before 24 months of age) and greater placement stability have been consistently linked to more resilient outcomes across various domains”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Given that psychosocial deprivation both in institutional and family-based contexts is linked to delays in cognitive, physical, and socioemotional development (2,(4)(5)(6), understanding the impact of interventions that aim to promote recovery from early neglect is a public health priority.”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Institutionalization and neglect can result in long-term negative effects, including impaired physical growth, delayed cognitive development, and increased risk for psychological disorders.”
From Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Transitioning from institutional care to a family-based setting, such as foster care, is associated with improved health outcomes in the years immediately following the move out of institutional environments”
From Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Institutionalization and neglect can result in long-term negative effects, including impaired physical growth, delayed cognitive development, and increased risk for psychological disorders.”
From Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In institutions, staff often have little training, and lack time and resources to provide consistent, high-quality care to children (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020;Zeanah et al., 2003).”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Early institutionalization is a severe form of early life adversity characterized by marked psychosocial deprivation that can have profound, long-lasting, adverse effects on development (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“There is also evidence that more time spent in institutional care is associated with greater and more persistent developmental delays, with physical growth exhibiting the strongest effects, followed by cognitive and socioemotional development (Nelson et al., 2007;Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Unfortunately, millions of children being raised without parents experience severe deprivation in the context of institutional care, where high child-to-caregiver ratios and lack of nurturing care lead to psychosocial neglect even when survival needs are met (1,2).”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For instance, although the BEIP findings are consistent with other studies indicating substantial recovery for cognitive development and physical growth, in contrast to the current findings of, on average, improved symptoms of psychopathology, the meta-analysis of observational studies does not indicate recovery in children's socioemotional functioning.”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For instance, although the BEIP findings are consistent with other studies indicating substantial recovery for cognitive development and physical growth, in contrast to the current findings of, on average, improved symptoms of psychopathology, the meta-analysis of observational studies does not indicate recovery in children's socioemotional functioning.”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Differences in findings between these observational studies and the BEIP may be related to the experimental design of the BEIP, which controlled for confounders (e.g., bias in selection of children for deinstitutionalization), and to the foster care intervention possibly delivering higher quality care than is typical following deinstitutionalization (2).”
From A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Van IJzendoorn et al. (2020) suggest that this ' disagreement as to whether policy should focus on eliminating, transforming or improving ' (p.703) is linked to a need for consensus on how evidence related to care settings is interpreted.”
From Residential care as an alternative care option: A review of literature within a global context (2022) · cites this paper as van IJzendoorn et al., 2020
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“Similarly, fear of exposure indicating fear and worries adolescents have about the safety of themselves and their families, are salient predictors of adverse mental health outcomes among adolescents (Braun-Lewensohn et al., 2009; Guo, Feng, Wang, & van IJzendoorn, 2020; Polimanti et al., 2019).”
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“Research studies conducted in human children who have experienced institutional care and were deprived of psychosocial input support this formulation, although it is difficult in these studies to disentangle the effects of timing from the duration of deprivation (for a review, see [85]).”
BackgroundAdoption and trauma: Risks, recovery, and the lived experience of adoption
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“26,27 It is also important to understand that mothers, fathers, and grandparents all matter, but with some differences in effects that vary by culture and context.”
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BackgroundResilience Processes in Development: Multisystem Integration Emerging from Four Waves of Research
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“Children raised in institutional settings, specifically where caregiving and associated physical touch and responsive interactions are limited (Smyke et al., 2002), have exhibited higher risk for behavioral, emotional, and social problems (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
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“Unfortunately, millions of children being raised without parents experience severe deprivation in the context of institutional care, where high child-to-caregiver ratios and lack of nurturing care lead to psychosocial neglect even when survival needs are met (1, 2).”
Self-citationTrauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
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“For example, disrupted attachments, like prolonged, involuntary and/or repeated separations from attachment figures, are linked to highly adverse developmental outcomes, especially when occurring in early childhood (e.g. Jones-Mason et al., 2021; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundWhat was learned from studying the effects of early institutional deprivation
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“This re fl ects wider calls to invest in preventive services to improve the support offered to children and families, deinstitutionalise children, and reduce health inequalities (Goldman et al. , 2020; van IJzendoorn et al. , 2020).”
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Self-citationAntecedents to Child Placement in Residential Care: A Systematic Review
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“…example, multiple studies that did not meet eligibility criteria mentioned sex trafficking of the parent or child as an antecedent (Debnath & Wadia, 2021; Islam, 2014; Khondkar et al., 2017), rural children needing a place to stay in the city (Vadlamudi, 2016) and lack of housing (Vasudevan, 2014).”
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“Another significant distal risk factor amongst adoptees is early adversity, such as childhood maltreatment and institutionalization, with a longer duration of such exposure linked to poorer outcomes [10,11].”
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“Although there are complex dimensions associated with RC outputs, such as multiple drivers for children entering institutions or variations in the quality of care provided, institutionalization has been found to have detrimental effects on developmental (M. H. van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundRosenthal, E. (2021) · International Journal of Disability and Social Justice · doi:10.13169/intljofdissocjus.1.1.0095 · Cited by 10
“In fact, studies in different parts of the world show that 80–90% of children placed in congregate care have at least one living parent (Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020, p.4).”
BackgroundInfluentialWalakira, E., Nnyombi, A., Ssenfuuma, J. T., Kyamulabi, A., Kato, F., Natukunda, H. P. M., Lange, L., & Oliver, D. (2022) · Global Studies of Childhood · doi:10.1177/20436106221087297 · Cited by 10
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“The result is in line with studies among normative samples which show that placement instability is harmful to emotional development (Gypen et al., 2017; Rubin et al., 2007; Stott, 2012; Tarren-Sweeney, 2008a; 2008b; Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020; Vinnerljung & Sallnäs, 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHoubrechts, M., Bijttebier, P., Calders, F., Goossens, L., Leeuwen, K. G. V., Noortgate, W. V. D., & Bosmans, G. (2023) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13911 · Cited by 10
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“Additional risks of adverse experiences in secure settings include neglect, violence and sexual abuse (e.g., Medway Safeguarding Children Board, 2019; Spielman, 2021; van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundDetecting orphanage trafficking and exploitation
Nhep, R., Deck, S., van Doore, K. E., & Powell, M. B. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106813 · Cited by 9
“The closed nature of institutions, lack of transparency, and abuse of power and dependency inherent to institutional abuse, make residential care facilities high-risk environments for victim coercion or harm (Spr ¨ ober et al., 2014; van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundGutterswijk, R. V., Kuiper, C. H. Z., Harder, A. T., Bocanegra, B. R., van der Horst, F. C. P., & Prinzie, P. (2022) · Residential Treatment for Children & Youth · doi:10.1080/0886571x.2022.2100561 · Cited by 9
“…an essential element of this criticism (Weis et al., 2005) and are caused by occupational and psychosocial deprivation, coercion, repression (Van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020), deviancy training (Souverein et al., 2013; Weis et al., 2005), or the restriction of autonomy of the adolescents (Ryan &…”
BackgroundInfluentialBaghdadi, F., Rauktis, M. E., Hands, C., John, A. M., Khanom, A., Mhamdi, S. E., Soussi, A., & Snooks, H. A. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107382 · Cited by 9
Anthropometrics of Estonian children in relation to family disruption
Valge, M., Meitern, R., & Hõrak, P. (2021) · Evolution Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1093/emph/eoab022 · Cited by 9
“Further, extensive meta-analyses have shown that brain growth and function of institutionalized children are more strongly suppressed than height and show incomplete catch-up after adoption from orphanages to foster homes [15, 16].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMkinga, G., Kirika, A., Nkuba, M. G., Mgode, S., Huth, M., & Hecker, T. (2022) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/25161032221099979 · Cited by 9
“These and previous findings encourage efforts at minimizing the number of children living in institutions (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPractice and Policy Regarding Child Neglect: Lessons from Studies of Institutional Deprivation
Zeanah, C. H., & King, L. S. (2022) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121020-031658 · Cited by 8
Self-citationHernandez, K., Barbosa‐Ducharne, M., & Soares, J. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107144 · Cited by 8
The impact of daily affective touch on cortisol levels in institutionalized & fostered children
Nikolaeva, E. I., Александровна, Д. Е., Mayorova, L. A., & Portnova, G. V. (2024) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114479 · Cited by 13
Probing the content of affective semantic memory following caregiving‐related early adversity
Vannucci, A., Fields, A., Bloom, P. A., Camacho, N. L., Choy, T., Durazi, A., Hadis, S. S., Harmon, C., Heleniak, C. M., VanTieghem, M., et al. (2024) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13518 · Cited by 8
Lewis, L. R., Lopez, R. A., Hunt, R. H., Hodel, A. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Thomas, K. M. (2024) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106183 · Cited by 9
Self-citationSand, H., Sticca, F., Wehrle, F., Eichelberger, D., Simoni, H., Jenni, O., & Lannen, P. (2024) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106917 · Cited by 9
“Recovery from psychosocial deprivation is thought to be more difficult when children are exposed to it for a longer duration (van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
InfluentialThe importance of responsive parenting for vulnerable infants
Korom, M., & Dozier, M. (2021) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.acdb.2021.03.001 · Cited by 13
Coughlan, B., Woolgar, M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Duschinsky, R. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421000882 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, child institutionalisation (a key risk factor for RAD/DAD; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is also linked with attentional, cognitive, andsocioemotional difficulties (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020) and in some cases quasi-autistic behaviours (Rutter et al., 2007).”
Self-citationSensory processing challenges as a novel link between early caregiving experiences and mental health
Leal, A. S. M., Alba, L. A., Cummings, K. K., Jung, J., Waizman, Y. H., Moreira, J. F. G., Saragosa‐Harris, N. M., Ninova, E., Waterman, J., Langley, A. K., et al. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422000633 · Cited by 9
Advancing global and transnational approaches to the study of out-of-home childcare
Ulybina, O. (2023) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/09075682231170151 · Cited by 7
“There is a widespread consensus among practitioners that institutions provide “ suboptimal caregiving environments ” and are harmful to children (van IJzendoorn et al., 2020: 703).”
Backgroundde Abreu, P. E., Kumsta, R., & Wealer, C. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106522 · Cited by 12
Theorizing pathways to resilience among orphaned adolescents in institutional care in India
Mishra, R., & Sondhi, V. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.105972 · Cited by 12
Orphanage tourism and orphanage volunteering: implications for children
van Doore, K. E., & Nhep, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.3389/frsut.2023.1177091 · Cited by 7
Global prevalence of institutional care for children: a call for change
Zeanah, C. H., & Humphreys, K. L. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30055-9 · Cited by 7
Self-citationPeñarrubia, M., Sória, I. N., Palacios, J., & Fenollar-Cortés, J. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8050405 · Cited by 8
“Many children in the world are unable to live with their biological family due to various factors, including inadequate parenting style, neglect, and abuse [1].”
BackgroundGelderen, L. V. R., Ellis‐Davies, K., Vecho, O., Rubio, B., Carone, N., Frau, C., Schiavetto, C., Runze, J., Jorgensen, T. D., Bos, H., et al. (2025) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2025.2572578 · Cited by 6
“This variation might be linked to negative experiences encountered before adoption (e.g. Dozier & Rutter, 2016; Van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
Radityaputra, R., Baidawi, S., & Mendes, P. (2026) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108777 · Cited by 6
Frimpong‐Manso, K., Cudjoe, E., Agbadi, P., Abdullah, A., Deliege, A., & Bansal, A. (2023) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.13081 · Cited by 6
Hunsley, J. L., Razuri, E. B., Kamanzi, D. N., Sullivan, H., Call, C. D., Styffe, E. J., & Hategekimana, C. (2021) · Journal of Children s Services · doi:10.1108/jcs-09-2020-0056 · Cited by 6
Gairal‐Casadó, R., Yeste, C. G., Pascual, A. M., & Cuxart, M. P. (2021) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcab087 · Cited by 6
Preventing maltreatment in institutional care: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in East Africa
Hecker, T., Mkinga, G., Kirika, A., Nkuba, M. G., Preston, J. M., & Hermenau, K. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101593 · Cited by 6
“Recent research has shown that interventions in institutional care settings, even short-term caregiver trainings, can improve children ’ s living conditions and development (Hermenau et al., 2017; Werner et al., 2016).”
Child care institutions in India: Caregivers' solutions to challenges in childcare
Wanglar, E. (2021) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12889 · Cited by 6
Apedaile, D., DeLong, A., Sang, E., Ayuku, D., Atwoli, L., Galárraga, O., & Braitstein, P. K. A. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12521-5 · Cited by 9
“However, little is known about the impact of different care environments on educational attainment, despite considerable attention to both the lack of education among OSCA as well as the negative impacts of institutions [24].”
BackgroundHecker, T., Mkinga, G., Hartmann, E., Nkuba, M. G., & Hermenau, K. (2022) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000286 · Cited by 6
“Though family-based care generally promotes the best outcomes for children [5], current challenges in developing countries, such as the lack of financial resources, governmental support, and professional social-work infrastructure as well as an increasing number of children in need [4], result in the lack of family-ba…”
BackgroundTelomere Erosion and Depressive Symptoms Across Development Following Institutional Care
Heleniak, C. M., Goff, B., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., Lumian, D. S., Flannery, J., Caldera, C., Shapiro, M., Louie, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.011 · Cited by 6
Popularity Brings Better Sales or Vice Versa: Evidence from Instagram and OpenTable
Lasmi, H., Lee, C. H., & Ceran, Y. (2021) · Global Business Review · doi:10.1177/09721509211044302 · Cited by 12
Coughlan, B., Woolgar, M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Duschinsky, R. (2021) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.71976 · Cited by 6
Self-citationSonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Hanć, T., Stehli, A., Trampush, J. W., Kennedy, M., Kreppner, J., Rutter, M., & Swanson, J. M. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105427 · Cited by 6
Self-citationGreeson, J. K. P., Gyourko, J. R., Wasch, S., & Page, C. S. (2024) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.13154 · Cited by 5
“It is globally recognized that children best develop in families, and there is a preference for family-based care over residential care or residing on the streets (Coren et al., 2013; United Nations General Assembly, 2019; van IJzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundFoster, S., Schofield, G., Geoghegan, L., Hood, R., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Bakkum, L., Hutchinson, D., Balk, W., Devine, R., Steele, M., et al. (2025) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2025.2531859 · Cited by 23
Self-citationDozier, M., Smetana, J. G., Allen, J. P., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Benner, A. D., Burton, L. M., Campione‐Barr, N., Carlo, G., Dodge, K. A., Fuligni, A. J., et al. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108495 · Cited by 4
Self-citationDevelopmental outcomes across foster care, adoption, and child welfare services: a mini review
Solerdelcoll, M., Sugranyes, G., & Baeza, I. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1691850 · Cited by 8
“Although all three care systems aim to safeguard children ’ s wellbeing, the developmental trajectories they offer diverge markedly (2).”
Makhoul, Z., Ndonji, M., Long, J. M., Moore, C., Lunda, E., Mwandileya, W. S., & TAREN, D. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1331907 · Cited by 5
Timing of exposure to household poverty and adolescent mental health problems
Koyama, Y., Isumi, A., & Fujiwara, T. (2025) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796025000162 · Cited by 5
“Seminal research on socio-emotional outcomes of institutionalized children supported the importance of the early childhood environment, suggesting the first 2 years of life as the sensitive period (Gabard-Durnam and McLaughlin, 2020; van Ijzendoorn et al. , 2020).”
Hjern, A., Palacios, J., & Vinnerljung, B. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329172100355x · Cited by 5
Mishra, R., & Sondhi, V. (2022) · Residential Treatment for Children & Youth · doi:10.1080/0886571x.2022.2097153 · Cited by 6
“Some of the contributing factors include a low caregiver-to-child ratio, staff lacking adequate child-care training and poor living standards (Van Ijzendoorn et al., 2020).”
BackgroundIdentifying clientelism in orphanages: a conceptual model
Nhep, R. (2024) · Children s Geographies · doi:10.1080/14733285.2024.2318362 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Duschinsky, R., Fox, N. A., Goldman, P. S., Gunnar, M. R., Johnson, D. E., Nelson, C. A., Reijman, S., Skinner, G. C. M., Zeanah, C. H., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Tulane University (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J S
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 703-720
- ISSN
- 2215-0366 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3036167712
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 50.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- institutional care, deinstitutionalization, institutionalization, child development, child well-being, institutionalized children, quality of care, family-based care
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Child, Child Development, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Deinstitutionalization, Female, Humans, Infant, Institutionalization, Male
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