Sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in school-age children: a century of research meta-analyzed.
Abstract
Clear associations of sleep, cognitive performance, and behavioral problems have been demonstrated in meta-analyses of studies in adults. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically summarize all relevant studies reporting on sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in healthy school-age children (5-12 years old) and incorporates 86 studies on 35,936 children. Sleep duration shows a significant positive relation with cognitive performance (r = .08, confidence interval [CI] [.06, .10]). Subsequent analyses on cognitive subdomains indicate specific associations of sleep duration with executive functioning (r = .07, CI [.02, .13]), with performance on tasks that address multiple cognitive domains (r = .10, CI = [.05, .16]), and with school performance (r = .09, CI [.06, .12]), but not with intelligence. Quite unlike typical findings in adults, sleep duration was not associated with sustained attention and memory. Methodological issues and brain developmental immaturities are proposed to underlie the marked differences. Shorter sleep duration is associated with more behavioral problems (r = .09, CI [.07, .11]). Subsequent analyses on subdomains of behavioral problems showed that the relation holds for both internalizing (r = .09, CI [.06, .12]) and externalizing behavioral problems (r = .08, CI [.06, .11]). Ancillary moderator analyses identified practices recommended to increase sensitivity of assessments and designs in future studies. In practical terms, the findings suggest that insufficient sleep in children is associated with deficits in higher-order and complex cognitive functions and an increase in behavioral problems. This is particularly relevant given society's tendency towards sleep curtailment.
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Nocturnal sleep disturbances affect daytime functioning, which is crucial for students' performance during waking hours, and sleep plays a key role in cognitive function.
“Nocturnal sleep disturbances affect daytime functioning, which is crucial for students’ performance during waking hours, and sleep plays a key role in cognitive function [79].”
From A serial mediation model of social media addiction and college students' academic engagement: the role of sleep quality and fatigue (2023) · cites this paper as [79]
Several studies indicated that sleep disturbances and sleep loss impair learning and school performance in children.
“Several studies indicated that sleep disturbances and sleep loss impairs learning and school performance in children (for reviews, see Refs.44,246,286,662,1178).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [44]
A recent systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that insufficient sleep was associated with deficits in higher-order and complex cognitive functions and an increase in behavioral problems in children.
“Of note, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that insufficient sleep was associated with deficits in higher-order and complex cognitive functions and an increase in behavioral problems in children. 44”
From Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
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Assessing human mirror activity with EEG mu rhythm: A meta-analysis.
Fox, N. A., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Yoo, K. H., Bowman, L. C., Cannon, E. N., Vanderwert, R. E., Ferrari, P. F., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000031 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Pediatric sleep health: It matters, and so does how we define it
Meltzer, L. J., Williamson, A. A., & Mindell, J. A. A. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101425 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Duschinsky, R., Fox, N. A., Goldman, P. S., Gunnar, M. R., Johnson, D. E., Nelson, C. A., Reijman, S., Skinner, G. C. M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30399-2 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Sleep in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kotagal, S., & Broomall, E. M. (2012) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.007 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation, oxidative stress and inflammation
Atrooz, F., & Salim, S. (2019) · Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology · doi:10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.03.001 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Screen Time and Problem Behaviors in Children: Exploring the Mediating Role of Sleep Duration
Guerrero, M. D., Barnes, J. D., Chaput, J.-P., & Tremblay, M. S. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0862-x · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Estimating the Difference Between Published and Unpublished Effect Sizes: A Meta-Review
Polanin, J. R., Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Hennessy, E. A. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654315582067 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
The effect of exergaming on executive functions in children with ADHD: A randomized clinical trial
Benzing, V., & Schmidt, M. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13446 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Team creativity/innovation in culturally diverse teams: A meta‐analysis
Wang, J., Cheng, G. H. ‐., Chen, T., & Leung, K. Y. (2019) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2362 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
I. SLEEP AND DEVELOPMENT: INTRODUCTION TO THE MONOGRAPH
El‐Sheikh, M., & Sadeh, A. (2015) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/mono.12141 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Effects of sleep manipulation on cognitive functioning of adolescents: A systematic review
de Bruin, E. J., van Run, C., Staaks, J., & Meijer, A. M. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.02.006 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Social jetlag, academic achievement and cognitive performance: Understanding gender/sex differences
Díaz-Morales, J. F., & Escribano, C. (2015) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2015.1041599 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“The lack of relationship between time in bed and PMA could be explained by the fact that adolescents have a more elaborate arsenal of brain mechanisms to support synaptic downscaling during sleep period than do adults, whose mechanisms may have become much more dependent on sleep (Astill et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCognition and objectively measured sleep duration in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Short, M. A., Blunden, S. L., Rigney, G., Matricciani, L., Coussens, S. W., Reynolds, C. M., & Galland, B. C. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.02.004 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Sleep duration, brain structure, and psychiatric and cognitive problems in children
Cheng, W., Rolls, E., Gong, W., Du, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, X.-Y., Li, F., & Feng, J. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0663-2 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Becker, S. P., Langberg, J. M., & Byars, K. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0248-y · Cited by 197 · see citing works
“Importantly, the negative relation between sleep problems and academic functioning has been confirmed using both naturalistic and experimental studies (Astill et al. 2012).”
BackgroundPast, present, and future: trends in sleep duration and implications for public health
Matricciani, L., Bin, Y. S., Lallukka, T. M., Kronholm, E., Dumuid, D., Paquet, C., & Olds, T. (2017) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.006 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Reynaud, È., Vecchierini, M., Heude, B., Charles, M.-A. A., & Plancoulaine, S. (2017) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12636 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“According to the meta-analysis of Astill et al. (2012), sleep duration in school-aged children is positively associated with executive functioning and multiple-domain cognitive function, and negatively associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviour.”
BackgroundMethodFamily Functioning and Children's Sleep
El‐Sheikh, M., & Kelly, R. J. (2017) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12243 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
“Sleep–wake problems (sleep that is short and of poor quality, irregular schedules, sleepiness) in typically developing children are highly prevalent and associated with negative outcomes across a range of developmental domains, including socioemotional adjustment (1), physical health (2), and cognitive development (3).”
BackgroundWilliams, K. E., Berthelsen, D., Walker, S., & Nicholson, J. M. (2017) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2015.1065410 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“Previous studies have also tended to focus on clinical populations (Astill et al., 2012), limiting the extent to which findings can be generalized to the whole population.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialYuan, K., Qin, W., Yu, D., Bi, Y., Xing, L., Jin, C., & Tian, J. (2015) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0982-7 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“…sleep quality to the cognitive control deficits in the present study was not examined, although previous studies suggested that insufficient sleep in children is associated with deficits in higher-order and complex cognitive functions and an increase in behavioral problems (Astill et al. 2012).”
ResultTonetti, L., Natale, V., & Randler, C. (2015) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2015.1049271 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Rethinking the sleep-health link
Matricciani, L., Bin, Y. S., Lallukka, T. M., Kronholm, E., Wake, M. A., Paquet, C., Dumuid, D., & Olds, T. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.05.004 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Toon, E., Davey, M. J., Hollis, S. L., Nixon, G. M., Horne, R. S. C., & Biggs, S. N. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.5580 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
A review of developmental consequences of poor sleep in childhood
Spruyt, K. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.021 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The role of the circadian system in the etiology and pathophysiology of ADHD: time to redefine ADHD?
Bijlenga, D., Vollebregt, M. A., Kooij, J. J. S., & Arns, M. (2019) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-018-0271-z · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Yang, F. N., Xie, W., & Wang, Z. (2022) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00188-2 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
van der Heijden, K. B., Stoffelsen, R., Popma, A., & Swaab, H. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-1025-8 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Disrupted Sleep: From Molecules to Cognition
Van Someren, E. J. W., Cirelli, C., Dijk, D.-J., Van Cauter, E., Schwartz, S., & Chee, M. W. L. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2592-15.2015 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“Other experiments focused on adolescent mice because of a long-held concern that young brains are more sensitive to the negative effects of sleep loss, even though there is little direct evidence to support this view (Astill et al., 2012; Owens et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSleep deprivation and neurobehavioral functioning in children
Maski, K. P., & Kothare, S. V. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.06.019 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Rockstuhl, T., Eisenberger, R., Shore, L. M., Kurtessis, J. N., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., & Mesdaghinia, S. (2020) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-020-00311-3 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Pieters, S., Burk, W. J., van der Vorst, H., Dahl, R. E., Wiers, R. W. H. J., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0213-9 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“In addition, shorter sleep duration was also related to worse executive functioning in children (Astill et al. 2012).”
Infant Sleep Predicts Attention Regulation and Behavior Problems at 3–4 Years of Age
Sadeh, A., Marcas, G. D., Guri, Y., Berger, A., Tikotzky, L., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2015) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2014.973498 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“It is important to note that reports on the links between sleep and attention/behavioral measures are often inconsistent in children (Astill et al., 2012) as well as in adults (Lim & Dinges, 2010; Riedel & Lichstein, 2000) and that it is also reasonable to assume that reports on failure to find…”
BackgroundSleep and Development: Familial and Socio-cultural Considerations
El‐Sheikh, M., Kelly, R. J., & Philbrook, L. E. (2017) · National symposium on family issues · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64780-7_2 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Peach, H. D., & Gaultney, J. F. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.012 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Jeon, M., Dimitriou, D., & Halstead, E. J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18042005 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“Children and adolescents spend most of their time learning, therefore it is important to consider the impact of poor sleep on cognitive development, which could influence children’s academic performance [1].”
BackgroundNapping, development and health from 0 to 5 years: a systematic review
Thorpe, K. J., Staton, S., Sawyer, E., Pattinson, C. L., Haden, C. A., & Smith, S. S. (2015) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2014-307241 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Dewald‐Kaufmann, J., Oort, F. J., & Meijer, A. M. (2013) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.01.012 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“experimental research in children and adolescents has demonstrated that sleep restriction and sleep deprivation especially affects higher-order cognitive functions rather than performance on simple RT tasks [7,8].”
BackgroundResultVaughn, B. E., Elmore‐Staton, L., Shin, N., & El‐Sheikh, M. (2014) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2013.845778 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“, nominally, 36–66 months of age) are no longer receiving the bulk of their daytime care from a biological parent but rather are cared for in some form of group care (Aud et al., 2012). Our purpose, therefore, is to explore aspects of young children’s sleep including measures of sleep duration, sleep quality (e.g., sl…”
BackgroundInfluentialKönen, T., Dirk, J., & Schmiedek, F. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12296 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“This can work in two ways: children cannot yet fully benefit from some aspects of sleep, and they do not yet fully suffer from others (cf. Astill et al., 2012 for a detailed discussion).”
Baseline Neurocognitive Testing in Sports-Related Concussions
McClure, D. J., Zuckerman, S. L., Kutscher, S. J., Gregory, A. J. M., & Solomon, G. S. (2013) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546513510389 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Arns, M., & Kenemans, J. L. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.10.006 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Newton, A. T., Honaker, S. M., & Reid, G. J. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101303 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
He, J., Tu, Z., Xiao, L., Su, T., & Tang, Y. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228756 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Poor sleep and neurocognitive function in early adolescence
Kuula, L., Pesonen, A., Martikainen, S., Kajantie, E., Lahti, J. M. T., Strandberg, T. E., Tuovinen, S., Heinonen, K., Pyhälä, R., Lahti‐Pulkkinen, M., et al. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.06.017 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Longitudinal sleep problem trajectories are associated with multiple impairments in child well‐being
Williamson, A. A., Mindell, J. A. A., Hiscock, H., & Quach, J. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13303 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Brand, S., Kalak, N., Gerber, M., Clough, P., Lemola, S., Bahmani, D. S., Pühse, U., & Holsboer‐Trachsler, E. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1167936 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Lessons Learned from Sleep Education in Schools: A Review of Dos and Don’ts
Blunden, S. L., & Rigney, G. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.4782 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“10,11 Sleep loss more generally has been associated with stress, depression and increased anxiety, 12 with”
Arns, M., van der Heijden, K. B., Arnold, L. E., & Kenemans, J. L. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.010 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“healthy children reported that sleep duration correlates positively with school performance, executive function, and negatively with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (10).”
BackgroundDaily mood and sleep: reciprocal relations and links with adjustment problems
Kouros, C. D., & El‐Sheikh, M. (2014) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12226 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“…to internalizing and externalizing problems cross-sectionally and longitudinally (El-Sheikh et al., 2007; Gregory and O’Connor, 2002; see also Astill et al., 2012; Ivanenko et al., 2005), and these relations have been found in both community and clinical samples of children (Forbes et al.,…”
BackgroundAntisocial Personality as a Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Raine, A. (2018) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084819 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Naveed, S., Lakka, T. A., & Haapala, E. A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17030953 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Horne, R. S. C., Wijayaratne, P. R., Nixon, G. M., & Walter, L. M. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.11.002 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Rigney, G., Blunden, S. L., Maher, C. A., Dollman, J., Parvazian, S., Matricciani, L., & Olds, T. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.534 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Gagner, C., Landry-Roy, C., Lainé, F., & Beauchamp, M. H. (2015) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3753 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“34,35 Other studies suggest that sleep problems may contribute to anxiety and depression in childhood and adolescence.”
Wei, S., Smits, M. G., Tang, X., Kuang, L., Meng, H., Ni, S., Xiao, M., & Zhou, X. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.02.017 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Adolescent sleep restriction effects on cognition and mood
Short, M. A., & Chee, M. W. L. (2019) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.02.008 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Sleep disorders in children with cerebral palsy: An integrative review
Lélis, A. L. P. D. Á., Cardoso, M. V. L. M. L., & Hall, W. A. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.11.008 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Longitudinal Outcomes of Start Time Delay on Sleep, Behavior, and Achievement in High School
Thacher, P. V., & Onyper, S. V. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5426 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Are circadian rhythms new pathways to understand Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Geoffray, M., Nicolas, A., Speranza, M., & Georgieff, N. (2016) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.06.002 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Evaluation of a Sleep Education Program for Low-Income Preschool Children and Their Families
Wilson, K. E., Miller, A. L., Bonuck, K. A., Lumeng, J. C., & Chervin, R. D. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3774 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Our research questions were: (1) Does the educational program improve parents’ knowledge immediately after the presentation and at 1-month follow-up? and (2) Does the educational program cause sleep behaviors to improve, as demonstrated by longer nighttime sleep duration and earlier bedtimes?”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAdolescent Sleep and the Impact of Technology Use Before Sleep on Daytime Function
Johansson, A. E. E., Petrisko, M. A., & Chasens, E. R. (2016) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2016.04.004 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Ellefson, M. R., Ng, F. F., Wang, Q., & Hughes, C. H. (2017) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616687812 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“…previous studies with adults in these types of tasks have commonly shown ceiling effects for accuracy (e.g., Logan, 1994; Miyake et al., 2000; Rogers & Monsell, 1995), whereas studies with children have generated a wider range of accuracy scores (e.g., Akshoomoff et al., 2014; Astill et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultKahn, M., Fridenson-Hayo, S., Lerer, R., Bar‐Haim, Y., & Sadeh, A. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.016 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Blunden, S. L., & Galland, B. C. (2014) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.01.002 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Differential effects of theta/beta and SMR neurofeedback in ADHD on sleep onset latency
Arns, M., Feddema, I., & Kenemans, J. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.01019 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“…the reported relation between reduced sleep duration and impaired executive functioning and higher levels of internalizing/externalizing behavior (Astill et al., 2012), as well as attentional (Belenky et al., 2003; Van Dongen et al., 2003; Axelsson et al., 2008) and mood problems (Owens et al.,…”
BackgroundInfluentialBeyens, I., & Nathanson, A. I. (2018) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1422102 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Zhuang, J., Mou, Q., Zheng, T., Gao, F., Zhong, Y., Lu, Q., Gao, Y., & Zhao, M. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04799-5 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Nocturnal sleep disturbances affect daytime functioning, which is crucial for students’ performance during waking hours, and sleep plays a key role in cognitive function [79].”
BackgroundCardoso, T. D. S. G., Pompéia, S., & Miranda, M. C. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.12.020 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Licis, A., Vallorani, A., Gao, F., Chen, C., Lenox, J., Yamada, K. A., Duntley, S. P., & Gutmann, D. H. (2013) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073813500849 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The influence of school time on sleep patterns of children and adolescents
Carissimi, A., Dresch, F., Martins, A. C., Levandovski, R. M., Adán, A., Natale, V., Martoni, M., & Hidalgo, M. P. L. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.09.024 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Köse, S., Kafalı, H. Y., Ocakoğlu, F. T., & Özbaran, N. B. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.021 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The sleep benefit in episodic memory: An integrative review and a meta-analysis.
Berres, S., & Erdfelder, E. (2021) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000350 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Lambert, A., Tessier, S., Rochette, A., Scherzer, P. B., Mottron, L., & Godbout, R. (2015) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2015.11.010 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cameron, S., Donnelly, A., Broderick, C., Arichi, T., Bartsch, U., Dazzan, P., Elberling, J., Godfrey, E. L., Gringras, P., Heathcote, L. C., et al. (2023) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15818 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“53,61 Interestingly, sleep efficiency, but not sleep duration, of healthy children has been linked to enhanced learning performance and improved educational outcomes.”
Backgroundvan Maanen, A., Meijer, A. M., Smits, M. G., van der Heijden, K. B., & Oort, F. J. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsw038 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
McCrae, C. S., Chan, W. S., Curtis, A. F., Nair, N., Deroche, C. B., Munoz, M., Takamatsu, S., McLean, D., Davenport, M., Muckerman, J. E., et al. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320949078 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“…disorders are not only known to persist well into adulthood and increase risk of other disorders (e.g. cardiovascular disorders), but also known to affect executive functioning, attention, irritability, and motivation (Anderson et al., 2009; Astill et al., 2012; Beebe, 2011; Biggs et al., 2011).”
BackgroundBarnes, J. C., & Meldrum, R. C. (2014) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0137-4 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“social, behavioral, and health-related outcomes (Astill et al. 2012; Colten and Altevogt 2006; Meldrum and Restivo 2014; Shochat et al. 2014; Womack et al. 2013).”
BackgroundGorgoni, M., D’Atri, A., Scarpelli, S., Reda, F., & Gennaro, L. D. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.06.025 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Family stress and adolescents’ cognitive functioning: Sleep as a protective factor.
El‐Sheikh, M., Tu, K. M., Erath, S. A., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2014) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000031 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
What does sleep hygiene have to offer children’s sleep problems?
Hall, W. A., & Nethery, E. (2018) · Paediatric Respiratory Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2018.10.005 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Williamson, A. A., Zendarski, N. J., Lange, K., Quach, J., Molloy, C. S., Clifford, S. A., & Mulraney, M. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa139 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Healthy sleep plays a vital role in daily functioning and long-term childhood outcomes, including cognitive development [1, 2], academic achievement [3], and social-emotional functioning [4, 5].”
BackgroundWhelan, S., Mannion, A., Madden, A., Berger, F., Costello, R., Foroshani, S. G., & Leader, G. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s239622 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“A systematic review of studies that involved children aged 5–12 years found that shorter sleep duration was associated with internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems and having less complex cognitive skills and executive functioning ability.(18) Positive relationships between sleep quality/quantity, and bett…”
BackgroundLangberg, J. M., Dvorsky, M. R., Marshall, S., & Evans, S. W. (2013) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12049 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“In non-ADHD samples, sleep disturbances are associated with worse cognitive performance, higher rates of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (Astill et al., 2012) and impairment in academic functioning (Drake et al., 2003; Fallone et al., 2005; Perez-Chada et al., 2007).”
BackgroundTahmasian, M., Samea, F., Khazaie, H., Zarei, M., Masouleh, S. K., Hoffstaedter, F., Camilleri, J. A., Kochunov, P. V., Yeo, B. T. T., Eickhoff, S. B., et al. (2020) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-020-0892-6 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Langberg, J. M., Molitor, S. J., Oddo, L. E., Eadeh, H., Dvorsky, M. R., & Becker, S. P. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717690810 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
A qualitative study of sleep quality in children and their resident parents when in hospital
Stickland, A., Clayton, E., Sankey, R., & Hill, C. M. (2016) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-309458 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Within-Family Relations in Objective Sleep Duration, Quality, and Schedule
Kouros, C. D., & El‐Sheikh, M. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12667 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“, National Sleep Foundation, 2011), sleep quality is particularly important for children’s adaptation and development, including physical growth and brain maturation (Feinberg & Campbell, 2010; Sadeh, Dahl, Shahar, & Rosenblat-Stein, 2009), cognitive development (Astill et al., 2012), Kouros and El-Sheikh Page 15”
BackgroundBrand, S., Lemola, S., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., Grob, A., & Kalak, N. (2014) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s62533 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“27,28,38,39,45 Taken together, the pattern of published evidence suggests that sufficient sleep during adolescence is related to adolescents’ psychological well-being.”
Stress, Sleep, and Performance on Standardized Tests: Understudied Pathways to the Achievement Gap
Heissel, J. A., Levy, D. J., & Adam, E. K. (2017) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/2332858417713488 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis confirms that sleep duration is consistently associated with both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children (Astill et al., 2012), which could also disrupt learning and test-taking performance in students.”
BackgroundYou, Y., Liu, J., Li, X., Wang, P., Liu, R., & Ma, X. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17057 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“A recent meta-based study reported the correlation between sleep and cognitive function in school-aged students which showed that low sleep duration was correlated with poor cognitive and academic performance ( Astill et al., 2012 ).”
BackgroundRoad traffic noise and children’s inattention
Weyde, K. V. F., Krog, N. H., Oftedal, B., Magnus, P. M., Øverland, S. N., Stansfeld, S. A., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Vrijheid, M., de Castro, M., & Aasvang, G. M. (2017) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0337-y · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Sleep reinvigorates and is important for being alert [24], and impaired sleep has been associated with both behavioral reports and neuropsychological tests of inattention [25–27], although some studies have found no associations [28].”
BackgroundSleep Disorders in Preschoolers
Steinsbekk, S., Berg‐Nielsen, T. S., & Wichstrøm, L. (2013) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/01.dbp.0000437636.33306.49 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
- Authors
- Astill, R. G., Van der Heijden, K. B., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Van Someren, E. J. W.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NL)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1109-1138
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2151099567
- Cited by
- 707
- References
- 226
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 41.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research
- The Hague (VICI Innovation Grant 453-07-001)
- National Initiative Brain & Cognition Research Program (“Innovative Learning Materials and Methods” Grant 056-32-013)
- Sponsor name not included
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep duration, elementary school students, cognitive performance, behavioral problems, executive function, academic performance, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, sustained attention, memory, sleep deprivation, brain development, intelligence
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors
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