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Associations between 24 hour movement behaviours and global cognition in US children: a cross-sectional observational study
Open accessAbstract
Background Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for brain development, and the behaviours during a typical 24 h period contribute to cognitive performance. The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth recommend at least 60 min physical activity per day, 2 h or less recreational screen time per day, and 9-11 h sleep per night in children aged 8-11 years. We investigated the relationship between adherence to these recommendations and global cognition.Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, we obtained data from the first annual curated release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, a 10-year longitudinal, observational study. Data were collected from 21 study sites across the USA between Sept 1, 2016, and Sept 15, 2017. The participants were 4524 US children aged 8-11 years from 20 study sites. Exposures of interest were adherence to the physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep duration guideline recommendations. The primary outcome was global cognition, assessed with the NIH Toolbox (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), which we analysed with multivariable linear mixed-effects models to examine the relations with movement behaviour variables.Findings Complete movement behaviour data were available for 4520 participants. The mean number of guideline recommendations met was 1·1 (SD 0·9). Overall, 2303 (51%) participants met the sleep recommendation, 1655 (37%) met screen time, and 793 (18%) met the physical activity recommendation. 3190 (71%) participants met at least one recommendation, whereas 216 (5%) of participants met all three recommendations. Global cognition was positively associated with each additional recommendation met (β=1·44, 95% CI 0·82-2·07, p<0·0001). Compared with meeting none of the recommendations, associations with superior global cognition were found in participants who met all three recommendations (β=3·89, 95% CI 1·43 to 6·34, p=0·0019), the screen time recommendation only (β=4·25, 2·50-6·01, p<0·0001), and both the screen time and the sleep recommendations (β=5·15, 3·56-6·74, p<0·0001).Interpretation Meeting the 24 h movement recommendations was associated with superior global cognition. These findings highlight the importance of limiting recreational screen time and encouraging healthy sleep to improve cognition in children.Funding National Institutes of Health.
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“3/10 studies found that meeting the screen time recommendation alone, and both the screen time and sleep duration recommendations, were consistently associated with better cognitive functions, impulsivity scores and HRQoL [20, 36, 38].”
From Combinations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration and their associations with depressive symptoms and other mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
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“less screen time as well as good eating and sleeping habits have been shown to be associated with better cognitive control and academic performance [5,6].”
From Lifestyle Habits Predict Academic Performance in High School Students: The Adolescent Student Academic Performance Longitudinal Study (ASAP) (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
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“the prevalence of children and adolescents from different countries around the world who meet all three recommendations contained within the guidelines varies between 3 to 10% [18–23].”
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“1/1 study found that meeting all three recommendations was associated with superior global cognition compared with meeting none.”
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“three studies found that meeting the screen time recommendation or the screen time + sleep duration recommendations could have more benefits to mental health [20, 36, 38].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Walsh, J. J., Barnes, J. D., Cameron, J. D., Goldfield, G. S., Chaput, J.-P., Gunnell, K. E., Ledoux, A.-A., Zemek, R. L., & Tremblay, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Carleton University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Walsh, Jeremy J
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 783-791
- ISSN
- 2352-4642 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6298223
- OpenAlex
- W2893964406
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 16.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- US National Institutes of Health and federal partners (U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA041048, U01DA041089, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041120, U01DA041134, U01DA041148, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, U24DA041147)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- 24-hour movement behaviours, global cognition, children, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, guideline adherence, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, NIH Toolbox, brain development, cognitive performance, sedentary behavior, sleep deprivation, physical inactivity, screen time limits
- MeSH terms
- Canada, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Sleep, United States, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior
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