Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGFβ and BMP
Abstract
Current research is reviewed regarding the actions of three growth factor systems on bone formation: insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), transforming growth factor-betas (TGF betas), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Each growth factor family consists of multiple related growth factor genes. TGF betas and BMPs 2-7 are subfamilies of a larger TGF beta superfamily. IGFs, TGF betas and BMPs are produced by osteoblasts and other bone cells and affect osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. They are also incorporated into mineralized bone matrix and retain activity when extracted from bone. Various hormones, growth factors, and mechanical stress influence bone cell production of IGFs, TGF betas, and BMPs. Thus these growth factors may function in local regulation of bone formation. Currently there is much interest in the function of IGF binding proteins, which are also produced by bone cells, in regulating IGF activities in bone. Recently, mechanisms for activation of the TGF beta serine/threonine kinase receptors have been investigated, and receptors for BMPs have been identified which are structurally related to TGF beta receptors. In vivo studies are discussed which demonstrate the applicability of IGFs, TGF betas and BMPs to increasing bone formation systemically, promoting fracture healing and inducing bone growth around implants.
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IGFs, TGF-β, BMPs, FGF, and PDGF seem to act as coupling factors because they are stored in bone matrix and released during bone resorption.
“For instance, factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), BMPs, FGF, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) seem to act as coupling factors, since they are stored in bone matrix and released during bone resorption [170].”
From Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [170]
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- Authors
- Linkhart, T. A., Mohan, S., & Baylink, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Loma Linda University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baylink, David J.
- Venue
- Bone
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-07
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- S1-S12
- ISSN
- 1873-2763 (ISSN-L)
- 8756-3282
- OpenAlex
- W2029723752
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 101
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- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bone (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Keywords
- bone growth, bone regeneration, insulin-like growth factor, TGF-beta, bone morphogenetic proteins, TGF-beta superfamily, osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, IGF binding proteins, fracture healing, bone formation around implants, mechanical stress
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Development, Bone Regeneration, Somatomedins, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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