Cited by 440Bone Metabolism and DiseasesTGF-β signaling in diseasesGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors

Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGFβ and BMP

Linkhart, Thomas A., Mohan, Subburaman, Baylink, David J.·1996·Bone

Abstract

Current research is reviewed regarding the actions of three growth factor systems on bone formation: insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), transforming growth factor-betas (TGF betas), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Each growth factor family consists of multiple related growth factor genes. TGF betas and BMPs 2-7 are subfamilies of a larger TGF beta superfamily. IGFs, TGF betas and BMPs are produced by osteoblasts and other bone cells and affect osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. They are also incorporated into mineralized bone matrix and retain activity when extracted from bone. Various hormones, growth factors, and mechanical stress influence bone cell production of IGFs, TGF betas, and BMPs. Thus these growth factors may function in local regulation of bone formation. Currently there is much interest in the function of IGF binding proteins, which are also produced by bone cells, in regulating IGF activities in bone. Recently, mechanisms for activation of the TGF beta serine/threonine kinase receptors have been investigated, and receptors for BMPs have been identified which are structurally related to TGF beta receptors. In vivo studies are discussed which demonstrate the applicability of IGFs, TGF betas and BMPs to increasing bone formation systemically, promoting fracture healing and inducing bone growth around implants.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00138-x

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  • IGFs, TGF-β, BMPs, FGF, and PDGF seem to act as coupling factors because they are stored in bone matrix and released during bone resorption.

    “For instance, factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), BMPs, FGF, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) seem to act as coupling factors, since they are stored in bone matrix and released during bone resorption [170].”

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Authors
Linkhart, T. A., Mohan, S., & Baylink, D. J.
Affiliations
Loma Linda University (US)
Corresponding author
Baylink, David J.
Venue
Bone
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1996-07
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
S1-S12
ISSN
  • 1873-2763 (ISSN-L)
  • 8756-3282
OpenAlex
W2029723752
Cited by
440
References
101
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 21
FWCI
4.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Bone (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Keywords
bone growth, bone regeneration, insulin-like growth factor, TGF-beta, bone morphogenetic proteins, TGF-beta superfamily, osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, IGF binding proteins, fracture healing, bone formation around implants, mechanical stress
MeSH terms
Animals, Bone Development, Bone Regeneration, Somatomedins, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

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