The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language
Abstract
Now in its third edition, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language provides the most comprehensive coverage of the history, structure and worldwide use of English. Fully updated and expanded, with a fresh redesigned layout, and over sixty audio resources to bring language extracts to life, it covers all aspects of the English language including the history of English, with new pages on Shakespeare's vocabulary and pronunciation, updated statistics on global English use that now cover all countries and the future of English in a post-Brexit Europe, regional and social variations, with fresh insights into the growing cultural identities of 'new Englishes', English in everyday use with new sections on gender identities, forensic studies, and 'big data' in corpus linguistics, and digital developments, including the emergence of new online varieties in social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. Packed with brand new colour illustrations, photographs, maps, tables and graphs, this new edition is an essential tool for a new generation of twenty-first-century English language enthusiasts.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,000
Lexical Reduplication and Slovak Language
Sokolová, J. (2016) · Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis · doi:10.1515/jazcas-2017-0011 · Cited by 2
A Brief Outline of the History of English
Wełna, J. (2003) · Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks · doi:10.31338/uw.9788323526698 · Cited by 2
Achiri–Taboh, B. (2018) · English Linguistics Research · doi:10.5430/elr.v7n2p37 · Cited by 2
Language Hybridisation and Global Television: The Case of Hinglish
Thussu, D. K. (2000) · The Cyprus review · Cited by 2
From Chinglish to New Chinglish — A Critical Exploration of Chinese ELF
Hou, Y. (2020) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.1004.02 · Cited by 2
Computer-assisted Programme for the Teaching of the English Syllable in RP Allophonic Pronunciation
جحجوح, ر. ت. (2009) · Journal of the College of languages · Cited by 2
DİL SİYASETİNİN ÜÇ YÖNÜ ÜZERİNE ELEŞTİREL ANALİZ
Gülmez, R. (2021) · Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute · doi:10.30794/pausbed.833334 · Cited by 2
Revisiting English learning in Thai schools: why learners matter
Phothongsunan, S. (2019) · Cited by 2
Waithiru, A. K. (2022) · East African Journal of Education Studies · doi:10.37284/eajes.5.3.846 · Cited by 2
Language and the Internet: Finding an identity
Crystal, D. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511487002.005 · Cited by 1
Self-citationDon DeLillo's Great Jones Street and the Science of Mind
Burn, S. J. (2009) · Modern fiction studies · doi:10.1353/mfs.0.1608 · Cited by 2
VASQUEZ, C., van de Weijer, J., LOS, B., WURFF, W. V. D., GYURIS, B. T., COLEMAN, J., CALLARY, E., ANDERWALD, L., SAND, A., BETTIG, P., et al. (2004) · The Year s Work in English Studies · doi:10.1093/ywes/mah001 · Cited by 2
Attitudes to Language and Culture in the EFL Classroom: British versus American English?
Cruz, M. I. G., & Cazorla, M. J. V. (2007) · LFE. Revista de lenguas para fines específicos/Revista de lenguas para fines específicos · Cited by 2
Sense Relations in the Treatment of Meaning in Isichazamazwi SesiNdebele
Ndlovu, E. (2011) · Lexikos · doi:10.5788/19-1-180 · Cited by 2
Ways to Support Student’s Motivation in Academic Writing Course
Chuikova, E. S. (2015) · Journal of Siberian Federal University Humanities & Social Sciences · doi:10.17516/1997-1370-2015-8-5-972-980 · Cited by 2
INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN ENGLISH ON BRITISH ENGLISH
Popescu, D. (2011) · Cited by 2
Errors in English and Arabic Acronyms Made by Iraqi University Students of Translation
حميد, ا. م. ع. ع. ا. ا. (2013) · Cited by 2
Hitotuzi, N. (2007) · PROFILE Issues in Teachers Professional Development · Cited by 2
BRAIN DAMAGE AND LANGUAGE PRODUCTION: A STUDY ON THE NEUROLOGICAL ASPECT OF LANGUAGE
Semana, I. L. (2018) · Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Missio · doi:10.36928/jpkm.v10i1.50 · Cited by 2
CHALLENGES IN TRANSLATING EDUCATIONAL TERMINOLOGY
Şimon, S., Kriston, A., Dejica-Carțiş, A. M., & Stoian, C. E. (2018) · EDULEARN proceedings · doi:10.21125/edulearn.2018.1290 · Cited by 2
Dialect Typology: Recent Advances
Röthlisberger, M., & Szmrecsanyi, B. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73400-2_133-1 · Cited by 2
Impact of Teachers’ Beliefs on Teaching Phonetic Aspects: the Case of Czech as L1
Štěpáník, S., & Vlčková-Mejvaldová, J. (2019) · Journal of language and cultural education · doi:10.2478/jolace-2019-0014 · Cited by 2
A Longitudinal Analysis of Vocabulary Changes in Social Media
Hamoodat, H., Aswad, F., Ribeiro, E., & de Menezes, R. P. (2020) · Springer proceedings in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40943-2_18 · Cited by 2
An Overview of the Key Figures in ELT.
Yaman, İ. (2019) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 2
Linguistics: Major concepts and research traditions
Kortmann, B. (2020) · J.B. Metzler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-476-05678-8_1 · Cited by 2
¡Hola! Nice to Meet You: Language Mixing and Biographical Information Processing
Antón, E., & Duñabeitia, J. A. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060703 · Cited by 2
GRAMMATICAL AND PHONOGICAL DEVIATIONS IN DICKENS OLIVER TWIST
السعدون, م. م. (2014) · مجلة الكلية الإسلامية الجامعة · doi:10.51837/0827-008-024-020 · Cited by 2
An experience of teaching English grammar
Farjana, N. (2014) · BRAC University Institutional Repository (BRAC University) · Cited by 2
Álvarez, S. Z. (2015) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · Cited by 2
UN ENFOQUE TEXTUAL/DISCURSIVO PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE TÉCNICAS DE TRADUCCIÓN
Ojeda, J. T. B., & de Meza, B. M. A. (2005) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 2
Re-positioning the subject: trainee English teachers' constructions of grammar and English
Upton, P. R. (2005) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) · Cited by 2
A study of the productivity of twelve English onset phonaesthemes
Willett, M. (2015) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 2
Tawhara, T. A. M. (2015) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · Cited by 2
Lok, K. Y. Y. (2014) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 2
The Progress of the English Progressive
Zarranz, J. I. (2017) · Communities in ADDI (Universidad del Pais Vasco) · Cited by 2
Scenarios, discourse and translation.
Hoyle, R. A. (2001) · Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) · Cited by 2
Ninde: A Grammar Sketch and Topics in Nominal Morphology
Murray, J. C. (2018) · Research Commons (University of Waikato) · Cited by 2
Hassan, H. (2021) · Liverpool John Moores University · doi:10.24377/ljmu.t.00011247 · Cited by 2
Generating Derivational Morphology with BERT.Preprint
Hofmann, V., Pierrehumbert, J. B., & Schütze, H. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 2
Spatial evidence that language change is not neutralPreprint
Burridge, J., & Blaxter, T. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.07553 · Cited by 2
Nilsson, D. (2009) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2
Wenglish, the dialect of the south Wales valleys, as a medium for narrative and performance
Lewis, R. M. (2010) · Cited by 2
Vanhauer, M., Oertel, K., & Voskamp, J. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73289-1_61 · Cited by 1
On the Language of the Internet
Ахренова, & Akhrenova, N. A. (2016) · Scientific Research and Development Modern Communication Studies · doi:10.12737/20969 · Cited by 1
VARIETIES OF NEOLOGISM USED IN ONLINE GAMING CONVERSATION
Matiini, G. (2024) · LANGUAGE LITERACY Journal of Linguistics Literature and Language Teaching · doi:10.30743/ll.v8i1.9190 · Cited by 1
Materiales museísticos y ámbitos rurales valencianos pasados y presentes
Díaz, C. A., & Agulló, B. J. (2016) · Aula · doi:10.14201/aula2016227988 · Cited by 1
TERRITORIAL AND SOCIAL DIALECTIC VARIATION OF THE BRITISH ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Zhirova, I. G. (2018) · Philology Theory & Practice · doi:10.30853/filnauki.2018-10-2.15 · Cited by 1
Al-Malki, E. A. (2020) · European Scientific Journal ESJ · doi:10.19044/esj.2020.v16n17p93 · Cited by 1
Rise of English as Business Lingua Franca at the Turn of the Century: An Overview
Shegebayev, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73400-2_228-1 · Cited by 1
Yule, G. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819742.020 · Cited by 1
Alberts, E., & Rutten, G. (2023) · Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · doi:10.1080/01434632.2023.2170391 · Cited by 1
ЛІНГВІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СПІЛКУВАННЯ В СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ
Litkovych, Y., Kovalchuk, L., & Киричук, Л. (2023) · АКАДЕМІЧНІ СТУДІЇ СЕРІЯ «ГУМАНІТАРНІ НАУКИ» · doi:10.52726/as.humanities/2023.1.10 · Cited by 1
Structural and semantic features and functions of the fiction work titles of the 19th century
Викторовна, Б. В. (2023) · Вестник Томского государственного педагогического университета · doi:10.23951/1609-624x-2023-4-92-100 · Cited by 1
MAPPING THE TERRAIN OF LINGUISTIC DEVIATION
Egamnazarova, D. S. (2024) · The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations · doi:10.37547/tajssei/volume06issue03-11 · Cited by 1
Schvarcz, B. R. (2025) · English language education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82139-4_3 · Cited by 1
Ценностный и функциональный потенциал религиозного дискурса
Тимохина, Л. Р. (2025) · Вестник Томского государственного педагогического университета · doi:10.23951/1609-624x-2025-3-7-15 · Cited by 1
Seddik, M., Attou, Y., Benaissa, M., & Mechouat, K. (2025) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2576279 · Cited by 1
Iotacism in Egyptian Greek: Greek-internal development and transfer effect from Egyptian-Coptic
Dahlgren, S. (2025) · Helsinki University Press eBooks · doi:10.33134/hup-34-3 · Cited by 1
Makhado, A. J., & Raphalalani, M. R. (2026) · Southern African Journal for Folklore Studies · doi:10.25159/2663-6697/19466 · Cited by 1
A sociolinguistic analysis of phonological variation in Japanese EFL textbooks
Correia, N., Hiratsuka, T., & Kunert, H. (2026) · Asian Englishes · doi:10.1080/13488678.2026.2654098 · Cited by 1
Wehlie, M. A., & Mohamud, A. A. (2026) · Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education · doi:10.1186/s40862-026-00457-x · Cited by 1
Latinos en EE.UU. (Desarrollando la competencia comunicativa intercultural)
Llombar, A. G. (2006) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 1
Peláez, M. J. M., Velazco, C. B., Ortiz, I. D. C. P., & Cruz, L. A. D. (2011) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 1
The effect of textual aesthetics on information retrieval
Brooks, T. A. (1998) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/bfb0053291 · Cited by 1
González, J. A. M. (2007) · RACO (Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert) (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · Cited by 1
Kristvinsson, B. J. (2012) · Cited by 1
The sound patterns of language
Yule, G. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819742.006 · Cited by 1
Joanna Jishvithaa, M., Tabitha, M. K., & Kalajahi, S. A. R. (2013) · Advances in Language and Literary Studies · doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.4n.2p.152 · Cited by 1
Kjellmer, G. (2009) · Studia Anglica Posnaniensia · doi:10.2478/v10121-009-0006-5 · Cited by 1
A Fishervoice-SVM Language Identification System
Lopez‐Otero, P., Docío-Fernández, L., & Mateo, C. G. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28885-2_43 · Cited by 1
Evans, A. (2011) · Pedagogy Critical Approaches to Teaching Literature Language Composition and Culture · doi:10.1215/15314200-1218067 · Cited by 1
Reflection on Personal ELL Experience and ELT Practice
Ma, Z. (2008) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v1n1p40 · Cited by 1
'Dearest beloved one, I need your assistance': the rhetoric of spam mail
Viswamohan, A. I., Hadfield, C. F., & Hadfield, J. (2009) · ELT Journal · doi:10.1093/elt/ccp086 · Cited by 1
Yáñez, F. S. R. (2006) · Actualidad Contable FACES · Cited by 1
The Analysis of Gender Markers in Animals
Zemková, L. (2011) · Brno Studies in English · doi:10.5817/bse2011-1-10 · Cited by 1
Sign language as the bridge across Deaf boundaries: a South African experience
Steinberg, S. L. (1998) · Communicatio · doi:10.1080/02500169808537845 · Cited by 1
Dsouza, J. M., & Kumaraswamy, S. (2015) · Cited by 1
Demonstrating functional interactive language teaching in the Nigerian Universities
Bello, R. O., & Oni-Buraimoh, O. O. (2014) · i-manager’s Journal on English Language Teaching · doi:10.26634/jelt.4.4.3025 · Cited by 1
The evolution of institutional genres in time: the case of the White House press briefings
Venuti, M. (2009) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 1
Federici, S., & Wade, J. C. (2007) · UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) · Cited by 1
Literary Dialect: the Study of Southern American English as Appeared in John Steinbeck’s Novels
Varaporn, S., & Snodin, N. (2014) · Journal of Studies in the Field of Humanities · Cited by 1
Teaching Dialect Awareness in the College Composition Classroom: An Evaluation.
Murphy, A. N. (2012) · Cardinal Scholar (Ball State University) · Cited by 1
Mair, C. (2012) · J.B. Metzler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-476-00406-2_32 · Cited by 1
Language, Language Planning, and U.S. Public Policy
Siegel, J. S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61778-7_18 · Cited by 1
Azeera, A. L. F., Nizla, M. L. F., & Kareema, M. I. F. (2016) · Cited by 1
Internet representations of dialectal English
Goudet, L. G. (2018) · Cognition représentation langages · doi:10.4000/corela.5157 · Cited by 1
The origin and semantic content of the term «ergonym»
Didur, Y. (2019) · Opera in onomastica · doi:10.18524/2410-3373.2018.21.155184 · Cited by 1
Sayed, Y. M. A.-S. (2016) · CDELT Occasional Papers in the Development of English Education · doi:10.21608/opde.2016.86797 · Cited by 1
Ellipsis in English and Albanian
JAHJA, N. (2021) · Prizren Social Science Journal · doi:10.32936/pssj.v5i1.222 · Cited by 1
Insults and Swear Words in the TinTin Comic
Antoniou, M. (2021) · Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium · doi:10.7592/tertium2021.6.1.181 · Cited by 1
Legal terms and their peculiarities in British and American variants of English
Degtyaryova, E. A. (2022) · Izvestiya of Saratov University Philology Journalism · doi:10.18500/1817-7115-2022-22-3-285-288 · Cited by 1
Scrutinizing Grammatical Challenges within Indonesian-developed Mobile Game: ‘Code Atma’
Andriani, E. (2022) · LET Linguistics Literature and English Teaching Journal · doi:10.18592/let.v12i2.6629 · Cited by 1
Awaliyah, K. N. I., Martha, A. S. D., & Effendy, V. (2022) · Journal of Information System Research (JOSH) · doi:10.47065/josh.v4i1.2225 · Cited by 1
Ishmael, L. M. A. (2023) · Journal of Language and Linguistics in Society · doi:10.55529/jlls.35.26.35 · Cited by 1
Language of COVID-19: Language Absorption in the Pandemic Vocabulary from English to Arabic
Muassomah, M. (2023) · International Journal of Arabic-English Studies · doi:10.33806/ijaes.v24i1.565 · Cited by 1
The Usage of Swear Word in Hollywood Films
Novari, A. F., & Khoerunnisa, S. A. (2022) · Journal of English Education Studies · doi:10.30653/005.202251.77 · Cited by 1
Єнько, С. В. (2024) · MESSENGER OF KYIV NATIONAL LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY Series Philology · doi:10.32589/2311-0821.2.2023.297666 · Cited by 1
Interculturalidade na aula de inglês
Schulz, M., & Xypas, R. M. S. D. S. (2024) · The ESPecialist · doi:10.23925/2318-7115.2024v45i1e64515 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Crystal, D.
- Affiliations
- Bangor University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Crystal, David
- ORCID
- Crystal, David
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2018-11-24
- OpenAlex
- W2045282267
- Cited by
- 1,188
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 42
- FWCI
- 36.44
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion)
- Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic Variation and Morphology
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and Language Studies
- Keywords
- English language, history of English, English vocabulary, Shakespeare's vocabulary, English pronunciation, New Englishes, gender identity, forensic linguistics, corpus linguistics, big data, social media language
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
