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Collective Action in Organizations: Interaction and Engagement in an Era of Technological Change
Abstract
Challenging the notion that digital media render traditional, formal organizations irrelevant, this book offers a new theory of collective action and organizing. Based on extensive surveys and interviews with members of three influential and distinctive organizations in the United States - The American Legion, AARP and MoveOn - the authors reconceptualize collective action as a phenomenon in which technology enhances people's ability to cross boundaries in order to interact with one another and engage with organizations. By developing a theory of Collective Action Space, Bimber, Flanagin and Stohl explore how people's attitudes, behaviors, motivations, goals and digital media use are related to their organizational involvement. They find that using technology does not necessarily make people more likely to act collectively, but contributes to a diversity of 'participatory styles', which hinge on people's interaction with one another and the extent to which they shape organizational agendas. In the digital media age, organizations do not simply recruit people into roles, they provide contexts in which people are able to construct their own collective experiences.
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“Political communication research, in particular, has long described how alterations of networked communications technology appear to impact social movements, institutional politics, and political participation”
From Stewardship of global collective behavior (2021) · cites this paper as [133]
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“Online and offline forces that impact collective behavior and action are inextricable”
From Stewardship of global collective behavior (2021) · cites this paper as [133]
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Items 101–200 of 338
From grassroots to digital ties: A case study of a political consumerism movement
Parigi, P., & Gong, R. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Culture · doi:10.1177/1469540514526280 · Cited by 30
“Castells (1996) and Bimber et al. (2012) argue that the proliferation of Internet connectivity promotes networked ties in place of membership in hierarchical, bureaucratic organizations.”
BackgroundMobilizing personal narratives: The rise of digital “story banking” in U.S. grassroots advocacy
Trevisan, F., Bello, B., Vaughan, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2019.1705221 · Cited by 28
Copeland, L., & Bimber, B. (2014) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2014.975391 · Cited by 27
Self-citationLu, S., & Luqiu, L. R. (2019) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444819888417 · Cited by 33
“As digital media remain a seamless part of people’s daily life experience rather than a discrete and isolate component in the digital world (Bimber et al., 2012), we argue that news engagement can be formed not only on the online platforms, and it also takes place offline through face-to-face…”
BackgroundDigitalization of the educational process for the training of the pre-service teachers
Strutynska, O. V., Torbin, G. M., Umryk, M. A., & Vernydub, R. M. (2021) · CTE Workshop Proceedings · doi:10.55056/cte.231 · Cited by 27
Haski‐Leventhal, D., Oppenheimer, M., Holmes, K., et al. (2018) · Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0899764018768078 · Cited by 27
Stohl, C. (2014) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/jcom.12075 · Cited by 26
“Clouds are increasingly part of the routine, mundane, and unremarkable features of everyday life (Bimber et al., 2012; McChesney, 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWhat Was the Problem in Parkland? Using Social Media to Measure the Effectiveness of Issue Frames
Aslett, K., Williams, N. W., Casas, A., Zuidema, W., & Wilkerson, J. (2020) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/psj.12410 · Cited by 25
Images That Matter: Online Protests and the Mobilizing Role of PicturesPreprint
Casas, A., & Williams, N. W. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2832805 · Cited by 22
Evolving repertoires: Digital media use in contentious politics
Khazraee, E., & Losey, J. W. (2016) · Communication and the Public · doi:10.1177/2057047315625076 · Cited by 20
“For example, Bimber et al. (2012) describe how “the Internet’s endto-end structure is especially well suited to innovation and customization at the scale of the individual member” (p. 47).”
BackgroundSingularidade e identidade nas manifestações de 2013
Mendonça, R. F. (2017) · Revista do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros · doi:10.11606/issn.2316-901x.v0i66p130-159 · Cited by 23
Salter, L. A., & Ganesh, S. (2017) · The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects · doi:10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0021 · Cited by 23
Waisbord, S. (2016) · The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy · doi:10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect161 · Cited by 23
Digitalization of the educational process for the training of the pre-service teachers
Strutynska, O., Torbin, G. M., Umryk, M. A., et al. (2021) · Workshop on Cloud Technologies in Education (CTE) · doi:10.31812/123456789/4437 · Cited by 21
Data in movement: the social movement society in the age of datafication
Milan, S., & Beraldo, D. (2024) · Social movement studies · doi:10.1080/14742837.2024.2331550 · Cited by 33
Wang, R., & Chu, K. (2017) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/1354856517703974 · Cited by 21
“The fundamental issue of collective action is not about the organizations but rather about the process of organizing (Bimber et al., 2012; Dahlberg-Grundberg, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialAlfonzo, P. (2021) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051211025514 · Cited by 21
Wang, K. J. Y. (2016) · International Journal of Cultural Studies · doi:10.1177/1367877916683796 · Cited by 20
“In today’s information age (Castells, 2000, 2007, 2009), where internet-based ad hoc community is prevalent, established interpersonal and inter-organizational networks in mobilization process remain important (Bimber et al., 2012; Diani, 2000; Elin, 2003).”
BackgroundFrom Transformational Leadership to Leadership Trans-Formations: A Critical Dialogic Perspective
Mitra, R. (2013) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/comt.12022 · Cited by 20
Benson, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108886260.007 · Cited by 19
Barbour, J. B., & James, E. P. (2015) · Journal of Applied Communication Research · doi:10.1080/00909882.2015.1083601 · Cited by 20
“Research in this vein may still overemphasize collaborative outcomes or decision-making satisfaction, neglecting the integrative moves inherent to collaborating (Lewis, 2006), a shortcoming communicative models of collaboration are wellsuited to address (Bimber et al., 2012).”
BackgroundBack to the Future: Changing Repertoire in Contemporary Protests
Mendonça, R., & Bustamante, M. (2020) · Bulletin of Latin American Research · doi:10.1111/blar.13087 · Cited by 13
Campaign Entrepreneurs in Online Collective Action: GetUp! in Australia
Vromen, A. (2014) · Social movement studies · doi:10.1080/14742837.2014.923755 · Cited by 18
“The mainstreaming of this approach to online organising is a response to the perception of MoveOn’s political success (Bimber et al., 2012, p. 52), and as they grow in political importance, we still have much to learn about processes and actors within online campaigning organisations.”
MethodIdentity and Status: When Counterspeech Increases Hate Speech Reporting and Why
Kim, J. Y., Sim, J., & Cho, D. (2022) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-021-10229-2 · Cited by 19
Nowak, J. (2016) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12149 · Cited by 19
Interest groups and social media in the age of the Twitter president
Whitesell, A. M. (2018) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2018.1518785 · Cited by 18
“As Bimber, Flanagin, and Stohl (2005, 2012) note though, the transition to digital media changes the calculus of collective action for individuals and thus changes what it means to be a member of an organization.”
BackgroundStruggling for tomorrow: the future orientations of youth activism in a democratic crisis
Ting, T.-Y. (2017) · Contemporary Social Science · doi:10.1080/21582041.2017.1385827 · Cited by 19
Kreiss, D., & Adams, K. (2019) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444819835573 · Cited by 18
“Over the past two decades, there has been an explosion of research into political organizations, and political campaigns in particular, against the backdrop of technological and media change (Bennett and Segerberg, 2012; Bimber, 2003; Bimber et al., 2012; Karpf, 2012).”
BackgroundMaia, R. C. M. (2019) · Les Enjeux de l information et de la communication · doi:10.3917/enic.hs6.0149 · Cited by 16
Fake News e o Repertório Contemporâneo de Ação Política
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The politics of political communication: Competing news discourses of the 2011 Egyptian protests
Ghobrial, B., & Wilkins, K. G. (2014) · International Communication Gazette · doi:10.1177/1748048514564027 · Cited by 16
“Based on their case studies of more formal social movement organizations, Bimber et al. (2012) elaborate ways in which digital media enable groups to coordinate and communicate messages internally as well as to external groups, being careful to recognize that it is the media environment that…”
BackgroundFriedland, L. A. (2015) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764215601710 · Cited by 18
“…advance our understanding of the complex relations between place and civic action, involving social networks connected by digital affordances with Bimber et al. (2012) showing that place-based organizations retain relevance across a range of types of activity (protest, interest group, and…”
BackgroundToward a deeper discussion: a survey analysis of podcasts and personalized politics
Bratcher, T. R. (2020) · Atlantic Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/15456870.2020.1862846 · Cited by 15
Schneider, F., & Goto-Jones, C. (2014) · Asiascape Digital Asia · doi:10.1163/22142312-12340002 · Cited by 18
Doroshenko, L., Schneider, T., Kofanov, D., Xenos, M. A., Scheufele, D. A., & Brossard, D. (2018) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2018.1426777 · Cited by 15
Rosenbaum, J. E. (2019) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305119826125 · Cited by 18
Transnational Activism in Support of National Protest: Questions of Identity and Organization
Mercea, D. (2018) · Global Networks · doi:10.1111/glob.12179 · Cited by 15
Christensen, B., & Groshek, J. (2019) · International Communication Gazette · doi:10.1177/1748048518825323 · Cited by 14
“The findings of this study therefore provide partial support for the position that aligns with the argument that participation and communication barriers are lowered by the availability of emerging media (Bennett and Segerber, 2013; Bimber et al., 2012).”
ResultOnline Repertoires of NGOs in the International Arena
Nitschke, P., & Donges, P. (2018) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2018.1452090 · Cited by 14
Mercea, D. (2020) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444820975725 · Cited by 18
Internet memes as multilayered re-contextualization vehicles in lay-political online discourse
Kirner-Ludwig, M. (2020) · Internet Pragmatics · doi:10.1075/ip.00055.kir · Cited by 13
Making Sense of Social Change: Observing Collective Action in Networked Cultures
Rodriguez, S. (2013) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12088 · Cited by 16
Rahman, K. S., & Gilman, H. R. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108380744 · Cited by 53
Digital Fit as a Leg-Up for Nongovernmental Organizations’ Media and Political Success
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“Following the approach taken by Bimber, Flanagin, and Stohl (2012), this is not intended as a stock list of specific digital apparati, as these tools come and go.”
MethodLeadership Without Leaders? Starters and Followers in Online Collective ActionPreprint
Margetts, H. Z., John, P. C., Hale, S. A., & Reissfelder, S. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2224187 · Cited by 14
Henderson, G. L., & Han, H. C. (2020) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x20972101 · Cited by 13
“…merely inviting them to attend), training members in organizing practices and theories of change, and forming relationships which help members see themselves as valued or high-status members of the group (Andrews et al., 2010; Baggetta et al., 2013; Bimber et al., 2012; Shaiko, 1999; Warren, 2001).”
BackgroundCollective Action Recruitment in a Digital Age: Applying Signaling Theory to Filtering Behaviors
Ashuri, T., & Bar-Ilan, Y. (2016) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/comt.12108 · Cited by 12
Persistent Activist Communication in Occupy Gezi
Mercea, D., Karataş, D., & Bastos, M. (2017) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038517695061 · Cited by 14
“Although committed to tweeting about Gezi, none of the interviewees spoke of their communication as having fed into an organisational project that would help perpetuate their activist cause (Bimber et al., 2012; Downton and Wehr, 1998).”
BackgroundLai, C., & Tang, T. (2015) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2014.995768 · Cited by 12
“As Bimber, Flanagin, and Stohl (2012) put it, ‘‘the presence of technology in people’s lives affects what options are available to them, what they do, or how they experience the world around them’’ (p. 29).”
BackgroundArtificial Intelligence in Election Campaigns: Perceptions, Penalties, and Implications
Jungherr, A. M., Rauchfleisch, A., & Wuttke, A. (2026) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2025.2611913 · Cited by 15
McIlwain, C. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108886260.008 · Cited by 11
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Jensen, M. J., & Anstead, N. (2014) · Studies in public choice · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04352-4_5 · Cited by 11
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Shahin, S., & Hou, M. (2025) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051241309701 · Cited by 10
Comment on ‘Organization in the Crowd: peer production in large-scale networked protests’
Karpf, D. A. (2013) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2013.868020 · Cited by 10
“Bimber (2003), Earl and Kimport (2011), Bimber, Flanagin, and Stohl (2012), Bennett and Segerberg (2013), and Karpf (2012) have offered contributions as well.”
BackgroundCorrelative approach to digitalization and economic growth
Georgescu, I. A., Androniceanu, A.-M., Kinnunen, J., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Business Excellence · doi:10.2478/picbe-2021-0006 · Cited by 10
Social Movements: The Sociotechnical Constitution of Collective Action
Dolata, U. (2018) · SpringerBriefs in sociology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78414-4_3 · Cited by 11
How Volunteer Commitment Differs in Online and Offline Environments
Ihm, J., & Shumate, M. (2022) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/08933189211073460 · Cited by 9
Beppe Grillo’s dramatic incursion into the Twittersphere: talking politics in 140 characters
Bentivegna, S. (2014) · Contemporary Italian Politics · doi:10.1080/23248823.2014.884377 · Cited by 8
“…Earl and Kimport 2011; Grossi 2011), there have been numerous studies intended to evaluate their impact on the organisation of collective action (Bimber et al. 2012; Segerberg and Bennett 2011), on traditional political institutions (Ward and Gibson 2009) and on election campaigns (Anstead and…”
BackgroundHow flat organizations filter: organizational gatekeeping in a networked environment
Ashuri, T., & Bar-Ilan, Y. (2015) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2015.1111402 · Cited by 9
“They show how formal organizations, in their attempt to leverage the affordability of Internet-based tools and platforms, form more fl uid structures and practices (Bimber et al., 2012; Earl & Kimport, 2011; Lovejoy & Saxton, 2012).”
BackgroundMaduku, D. K. (2019) · International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing · doi:10.1002/nvsm.1636 · Cited by 9
The Signs of Our Discontent: Framing Collective Identity at the Women’s March on Washington
McClelland-Cohen, A., & Endacott, C. G. (2020) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2020.1784246 · Cited by 12
“This connective action (Bennett & Segerberg, 2012; Bimber et al., 2012) employs different logics than protests of years past, enabling new forms of organizing.”
BackgroundHenry, A., Wright, K., & Moran, A. (2022) · Interest Groups & Advocacy · doi:10.1057/s41309-022-00165-0 · Cited by 9
Grömping, M., & Sinpeng, A. (2018) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2018.1483857 · Cited by 9
“Bimber et al. (2012) find little difference in the way the members of the American Legion, AARP, and MoveOn participate in these organizations – despite the fact that MoveOn is a purely virtual and digitally native group.”
BackgroundLeadership without Leaders? Starters and Followers in Online Collective Action
Margetts, H. Z., John, P. C., Hale, S. A., & Reissfelder, S. (2015) · Political Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-9248.12211 · Cited by 9
The Missing Half of Communication and Engagement
Macnamara, J. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119167600.ch9 · Cited by 9
Beidollahkhani, A. (2022) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.1177/13607804221122462 · Cited by 12
What Is Communication Research For? Wrestling with the Relevance of What We Do
Lewis, S. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108886260.012 · Cited by 8
Beaufort, M., & Seethaler, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-32133-8_22 · Cited by 8
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Graf, H. (2016) · Open Book Publishers · doi:10.11647/obp.0096 · Cited by 8
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Doerfel, M. L. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119167600.ch16 · Cited by 8
Innovation and adaptation in advocacy organizations throughout the digital eras
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“2 Scholars of political communication have examined how the digital era is reshaping political organizations (Bennett and Segerberg, 2013; Bimber et al. 2012; Chadwick, 2007; Chadwick and Stromer-Galley 2017; Gerbaudo, 2018; Karpf, 2012).”
BackgroundGroshek, J., & Christensen, B. (2016) · International Communication Gazette · doi:10.1177/1748048516682139 · Cited by 8
“…lower for nonviolent conflict than for violent conflict, and emerging media contribute to further lowering the participation costs of nonviolent conflict by helping organizers and dissenters communicate, spread information, and share grievances (Bennett and Segerberg, 2013; Bimber et al., 2012).”
BackgroundGbadegesin, J. T., Ojekalu, S. O., Komolafe, M. O., & Oyewole, M. O. (2020) · International Journal of Construction Management · doi:10.1080/15623599.2020.1768325 · Cited by 8
“Communication, organizational skills, knowledge of the technology, and selective incentive are also the bane of a successful collective action project (Bimber et al. 2012).”
BackgroundAhmed, S., & Gil‐López, T. (2021) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448211065420 · Cited by 13
Communication, organisation, and action: Theory-building for social movements
Mann, A. (2015) · Communication Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/22041451.2015.1048040 · Cited by 10
“…form of common agendas and collective action frames that play a central role in the communicative culture of the movement and the construction of collective identity, ‘a strategic resource that organisations create through interaction and communication with members’ (Bimber et al., 2012, p. 82).”
BackgroundLevental, O., Galily, Y., Yarchi, M., & Tamir, I. (2016) · Communication and the Public · doi:10.1177/2057047316668364 · Cited by 7
Organizing an “organizationless” protest campaign in the WeChatsphere
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Margetts, H. Z., Hale, S. A., & John, P. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198843498.003.0012 · Cited by 6
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Rethinking Media Research for Changing Societies
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108886260 · Cited by 10
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Foell, A., & Foster, K. A. (2021) · Urban Affairs Review · doi:10.1177/10780874211027848 · Cited by 5
Collective Action in the Digital Age: An Actor-Based Typology
Dolata, U., & Schrape, J.-F. (2018) · SpringerBriefs in sociology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78414-4_2 · Cited by 5
Hallin, D. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108886260.004 · Cited by 6
Cross-Cutting exposure, perceived realism, and online political engagement in the age of algorithms
Lin, J.-S. (2022) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292986.2021.2022175 · Cited by 4
Going collective: worker takeovers, entrepreneurship and collective actions
Lomuscio, M. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2024.101368 · Cited by 4
Yang, A., & Wang, R. (2016) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2015.1128547 · Cited by 5
“The connection between the Internet and collective action, social movements, and human rights protection provides a fertile ground for academic research (Bimber et al., 2005, 2012).”
BackgroundRao, A., & Dutta, M. J. (2016) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637751.2016.1257140 · Cited by 4
“While acknowledging that collective action has become less organization-centric, more networked-based, and more personalized in recent years, Bimber et al. (2012) stress the need to bring an analysis of formal organization back into discussions of collective action.”
BackgroundThe appropriation of traditional media content in online contexts: A South Korean textbook case
Yang, Y., & Stohl, C. (2019) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637751.2019.1641730 · Cited by 4
Self-citationAuthoritarianism, Digital Dissidence and Grassroots Media in the Middle East and North Africa region
Wessels, J. (2019) · CyberOrient · doi:10.1002/j.cyo2.20191301.0001 · Cited by 4
Membership Matters: Organizing Archetypes, Participatory Styles, and Connective Action
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Self-citationInternet memes as multilayered re‑contextualization vehicles in lay-political online discourse
Kirner-Ludwig, M. (2022) · Benjamins current topics · doi:10.1075/bct.120.07kir · Cited by 4
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Listening for Healthy Democracy
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bimber, B., Flanagin, A., & Stohl, C.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2012-02-29
- OpenAlex
- W4255002177
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 19.33
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
- Keywords
- collective action, organizing, digital media, organizational involvement, American Legion, AARP, online political participation, technology and organization
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