The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Research Design and Issues of Validity
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
The weirdest people in the world?
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0999152x · Cited by 12,641
Behavioral Study of obedience.
Milgram, S. (1963) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0040525 · Cited by 4,918
Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority
Asch, S. E. (1956) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0093718 · Cited by 4,267
Orne, M. T. (1962) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0043424 · Cited by 4,041
Perception and the Representative Design of Psychological Experiments
Brunswik, E. (1956) · doi:10.1525/9780520350519 · Cited by 2,974
Dissonance and the pill: An attribution approach to studying the arousal properties of dissonance.
Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. (1974) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0036651 · Cited by 577
Hemovich, V., Lac, A., & Crano, W. D. (2011) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2010.532560 · Cited by 134
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 32
- 10.1146/annurev.ps.45.020194.002553 · DOI
- 10.1037/h0047195 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0003-066X.37.3.245 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0022-3514.43.2.210 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1468-5914.1982.tb00449.x · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.35.11.767 · DOI · Paper page
- Campbell, 1963, Handbook of research on teaching, 171
- 10.1093/mind/LXIV.256.479 · DOI
- Collingwood, 1940, An essay on metaphysics
- Zillman, 1983, Social psychophysiology: A sourcebook, 215
- 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02440.x · DOI
- 10.1037/0003-066X.38.4.379 · DOI · Paper page
- Rosenberg, 1969, Artifact in behavioral research, 279
- 10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.515 · DOI · Paper page
- Sherif, 1935, A study of some social factors in perception, Archives of Psychology, 27, 1
- 10.1037/0893-164X.21.4.516 · DOI
- 10.1177/014616728171019 · DOI
- 10.2307/3152008 · DOI
- Cook, 1979, Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings
- Orne, 1968, Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority: On the ecological validity of laboratory deceptions, International Journal of Psychiatry, 6, 282
- Aronson, 1998, The handbook of social psychology, 99
- 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0022-1031(75)90051-7 · DOI
- 10.1038/scientificamerican1170-96 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/h0040950 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/014616727600300106 · DOI
- Cronbach, 1982, Designing evaluations of educational and social programs
- 10.1037/h0033366 · DOI
- Campbell, 1966, Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research
- Mackie, 1974, The cement of the universe
- Rosenthal, 1966, Experimenter effects in behavioral research
- 10.1016/0022-1031(66)90084-9 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Scott, A. J., Webb, T. L., Martyn-St James, M., Rowse, G., & Weich, S. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101556 · Cited by 1,094
Toward a better understanding of the influences on physical activity
Bauman, A. E., Sallis, J. F., Dzewaltowski, D. A., & Owen, N. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00469-5 · Cited by 1,041
The Emergence of Governance in an Open Source Community
O'Mahony, S., & Ferraro, F. (2007) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2007.27169153 · Cited by 909
Glasgow, R. E., Klesges, L. M., Dzewaltowski, D. A., Bull, S. S., & Estabrooks, P. (2004) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2701_2 · Cited by 635
Design approaches to experimental mediation
Pirlott, A. G., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2015.09.012 · Cited by 575
Metadata
- Authors
- Brewer, M. B., & Crano, W. D.
- Venue
- Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2014-02-24
- Pages
- 11-26
- OpenAlex
- W1594220124
- Cited by
- 522
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 186.57
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Research Design and Issues of Validity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/cbo9780511996481.005
- The paper
- Brewer, M. B., & Crano, W. D. (2014). Research Design and Issues of Validity. Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511996481.005
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.