The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Politicized Justice in Emerging Democracies: A Study of Courts in Russia and Ukraine
Abstract
Why are independent courts rarely found in emerging democracies? This book moves beyond familiar obstacles, such as an inhospitable legal legacy and formal institutions that expose judges to political pressure. It proposes a strategic pressure theory, which claims that in emerging democracies, political competition eggs on rather than restrains power-hungry politicians. Incumbents who are losing their grip on power try to use the courts to hang on, which leads to the politicization of justice. The analysis uses four original datasets, containing 1,000 decisions by Russian and Ukrainian lower courts from 1998 to 2004. The main finding is that justice is politicized in both countries, but in the more competitive regime (Ukraine) incumbents leaned more forcefully on the courts and obtained more favorable rulings.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although Czechia is often presented as an outlier among the CEE countries80 with relatively complex vetting programmes, the number of those who actually left the bench was rather low.”
From Purging the Judiciary After a Transition: Between a Rock and a Hard Place (2025) · cites this paper as [80]
Citations
Cites
The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism
Şuteu, S. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198858867.001.0001 · Cited by 102
Law's fragile state: colonial, authoritarian, and humanitarian legacies in Sudan
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.52-0504 · Cited by 97
Lewis, D. G. (2020) · Edinburgh University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781474454780 · Cited by 90
Property, Predation, and Protection
Markus, S. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316104743 · Cited by 88
Managing Religion and the Judicialization of Religious Freedom
Richardson, J. T. (2015) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/jssr.12172 · Cited by 75
Candidate Filtering: The Strategic Use of Electoral Fraud in Russia
Szakonyi, D. (2019) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123420000836 · Cited by 68
Political foundations of bad governance in post-Soviet Eurasia: towards a research agenda
Гельман, В. (2017) · East European Politics · doi:10.1080/21599165.2017.1348350 · Cited by 64
Llanos, M., Weber, C. T., Heyl, C., & Stroh, A. (2015) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2015.1081170 · Cited by 63
Trochev, A., & Ellett, R. L. (2014) · Journal of Law and Courts · doi:10.1086/674528 · Cited by 56
“When They Come for You”: Legal Mobilization in New Authoritarian Russia
van der Vet, F. (2018) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.1111/lasr.12339 · Cited by 56
Justice institutions in autocracies: a framework for analysis
Ríos-Figueroa, J., & Aguilar, P. (2017) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2017.1304379 · Cited by 55
Beyond Judicial Councils: Forms, Rationales and Impact of Judicial Self-Governance in Europe
Kosař, D. (2018) · German Law Journal · doi:10.1017/s2071832200023178 · Cited by 53
Ip, E. C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108163804 · Cited by 49
The Strasbourg Court Meets Abusive Constitutionalism: Baka v. Hungary and the Rule of Law
Kosař, D., & Šipulová, K. (2017) · Hague Journal on the Rule of Law · doi:10.1007/s40803-017-0065-y · Cited by 48
Authoritarian constitutionalism in Putin’s Russia: A pragmatic constitutional court in a dual state
Trochev, A., & Solomon, P. H. (2018) · Communist and Post-Communist Studies · doi:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2018.06.002 · Cited by 47
Political competition and de facto judicial independence in non‐democracies
Epperly, B. (2016) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12186 · Cited by 46
Stoycheff, E., Nisbet, E. C., & Epstein, D. (2016) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650216644645 · Cited by 47
The Informal Dimension of Judicial Politics: A Relational Perspective
Dressel, B., Urribarri, R. A. S., & Stroh, A. (2017) · Annual Review of Law and Social Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110316-113750 · Cited by 42
Europeanization and the Rule of Law: Towards a Pathological Turn
Mendelski, M. (2016) · Southeastern Europe · doi:10.1163/18763332-04003003 · Cited by 39
Sillen, J. J. J. (2019) · European Constitutional Law Review · doi:10.1017/s1574019619000014 · Cited by 37
Court Presidents: The Missing Piece in the Puzzle of Judicial Governance
Blisa, A., & Kosař, D. (2018) · German Law Journal · doi:10.1017/s2071832200023324 · Cited by 34
Šipulová, K., Spáč, S., Kosař, D., Papoušková, T., & Derka, V. (2022) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12453 · Cited by 32
Escresa, L., & Garoupa, N. M. (2013) · Asian Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1080/02185377.2013.823802 · Cited by 31
Richardson, J. T. (2017) · Religion State & Society · doi:10.1080/09637494.2017.1389131 · Cited by 30
Kosař, D. (2017) · European Constitutional Law Review · doi:10.1017/s1574019616000419 · Cited by 29
Post-Soviet criminal justice: The persistence of distorted neo-inquisitorialism
Solomon, P. H. (2015) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/1362480614568746 · Cited by 27
GRIFFITH JOURNAL OF LAW & HUMAN DIGNITY
Lemass, K., Armao, J., Marcantelli, D. J., Gorasia, N., Gunawan, M., Lal, F., & Warren, D. E. (2014) · Cited by 27
Rosłoń, D., Lukianchenko, D. V., Зленко, С. М., Kulibaba, O. O., Акімов, О. О., & Akimova, L. (2023) · AD ALTA Journal of Interdisciplinary Research · doi:10.33543/j.130237.1221 · Cited by 23
Post-communist Chief Justices in Slovakia: From Transmission Belts to Semi-autonomous Actors?
Kosař, D., & Spáč, S. (2021) · Hague Journal on the Rule of Law · doi:10.1007/s40803-021-00150-w · Cited by 23
Amending legislatures in authoritarian regimes: power sharing in post-Soviet Eurasia
Krol, G. (2020) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1830065 · Cited by 22
Dressel, B., Urribarri, R. A. S., & Stroh, A. (2018) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512118807065 · Cited by 22
Transitional justice and authoritarian backsliding
Nalepa, M. (2021) · Constitutional Political Economy · doi:10.1007/s10602-020-09315-5 · Cited by 21
Perils of Judicial Self-Government in Transitional Societies
Kosař, D. (2016) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316282519 · Cited by 21
Weaponizing post-election court challenges: Assessing losers’ motivations
Erlich, A., Kerr, N., & Park, S. (2023) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102676 · Cited by 21
Holgado, B. G., & Urribarri, R. A. S. (2024) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027642241268332 · Cited by 21
Sundstrom, L. M., Sperling, V., & Sayoglu, M. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190932831.001.0001 · Cited by 21
Harvey, C. J. (2022) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055422000090 · Cited by 20
Measuring Judicial Ideal Points in New Democracies: The Case of the Philippines
Pellegrina, L. D., Escresa, L., & Garoupa, N. M. (2014) · Asian Journal of Law and Society · doi:10.1017/als.2013.8 · Cited by 20
To Reform or to Retain? Politicians’ Incentives to Clean Up Corrupt Courts in Hybrid Regimes
Bolkvadze, K. (2019) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414019859029 · Cited by 17
The structural sources of postcommunist regime trajectories
Way, L. A., & Casey, A. E. (2018) · Post-Soviet Affairs · doi:10.1080/1060586x.2018.1494959 · Cited by 16
Institutional proximity and judicial corruption: A spatial approach
Juan, W., & Liu, S. (2021) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.12594 · Cited by 16
Convicting Politicians for Corruption: The Politics of Criminal Accountability
Ros, L. D., & Gehrke, M. (2024) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1017/gov.2023.48 · Cited by 15
The light and the dark side of judicial resistance
Šipulová, K. (2024) · Law & Policy · doi:10.1111/lapo.12247 · Cited by 15
Burkhardt, F. (2017) · Post-Soviet Affairs · doi:10.1080/1060586x.2017.1388471 · Cited by 15
Bækken, H. (2015) · Communist and Post-Communist Studies · doi:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2015.01.001 · Cited by 15
Patronal politics, judicial networks and collective judicial autonomy in post-Soviet Ukraine
Trochev, A. (2018) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512118802943 · Cited by 15
Ukraina wobec Rosji. Studium zależności
Szeptycki, A. (2013) · Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks · doi:10.31338/uw.9788323510703 · Cited by 15
Parliamentary initiative in authoritarian regimes: Power sharing in Eurasian legislatures
Krol, G. (2020) · Journal of Legislative Studies · doi:10.1080/13572334.2020.1738671 · Cited by 15
Informal Institutions and Judicial Independence in P araguay, 1954–2011
Basabe‐Serrano, S. (2015) · Law & Policy · doi:10.1111/lapo.12038 · Cited by 15
Reforms in the judiciary of Ukraine: domestic practices and the EU's policy instruments
Natorski, M. (2013) · East European Politics · doi:10.1080/21599165.2013.807805 · Cited by 14
Legal change in post-communist states: Contradictions and explanations. Introduction
Solomon, P. H., & Gadowska, K. (2018) · Communist and Post-Communist Studies · doi:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2018.07.004 · Cited by 13
Harvey, C. J. (2019) · Europe Asia Studies · doi:10.1080/09668136.2019.1681363 · Cited by 13
Popova, M. (2020) · Law & Policy · doi:10.1111/lapo.12156 · Cited by 12
Self-citationQuod licet Jovi non licet bovi?: The Venice Commission as Norm Entrepreneur
Iancu, B. (2019) · Hague Journal on the Rule of Law · doi:10.1007/s40803-019-00088-0 · Cited by 12
Das europäische Evaluierungsdefizit der Rechtsstaatlichkeit
Mendelski, M. (2016) · Leviathan · doi:10.5771/0340-0425-2016-3-366 · Cited by 12
Recruiting European Judges in the Age of Judicial Self-Government
Spáč, S. (2018) · German Law Journal · doi:10.1017/s2071832200023336 · Cited by 12
Fragmentation? Defection? Legitimacy?
Trochev, A. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139207843.004 · Cited by 12
Agencification and the administration of courts in Israel
Lurie, G., Reichman, A., & Sagy, Y. (2019) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12236 · Cited by 10
Sovereign Commitment and Property Rights: the Case of Ukraine’s Orange Revolution
Markus, S. (2015) · Studies in Comparative International Development · doi:10.1007/s12116-015-9188-0 · Cited by 10
Hendley, K. (2015) · Post-Soviet Affairs · doi:10.1080/1060586x.2015.1091564 · Cited by 10
Mustafina, R. (2022) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.1111/lasr.12631 · Cited by 9
Legitimacy, Accountability and Discretion of the Russian Courts
Trochev, A. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137489449_6 · Cited by 8
Presidential Rhetoric and Nationalism: Evidence from Russia and Ukraine
Kasianenko, N. (2020) · Nationalities Papers · doi:10.1017/nps.2019.130 · Cited by 8
Judges under corruption stress
Mazur, J. (2024) · Oñati Socio-legal Series · doi:10.35295/osls.iisl.1902 · Cited by 8
Gehrke, M., & Yang, F. W. (2025) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.70019 · Cited by 8
Bureaucratic Quality and Social Development
Prasad, M., & Zaloznaya, M. (2021) · Sociology of Development · doi:10.1525/sod.2019.0023 · Cited by 8
No Revolution of Dignity for Ukraine's Judges: Judicial Reform after the Euromaidan
Popova, M., & Beers, D. J. (2020) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 8
Self-citationPopulism, Constitutional Democracy, and High Courts – Lessons from the Venezuelan Case
Urribarri, R. A. S. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009031103.008 · Cited by 7
Sometimes Even Easy Rule of Law Cases Make Bad Law
Leloup, M., & Kosař, D. (2022) · European Constitutional Law Review · doi:10.1017/s1574019622000335 · Cited by 7
Autocratic Electoral Management: Lessons From Thailand
Alderman, P. (2023) · Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs · doi:10.1177/18681034231190940 · Cited by 7
Law in Books Versus Law in Action: A Review of the Socio-legal Literature
Allison, C. R. (2015) · Studies in public choice · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14953-0_3 · Cited by 7
Purging the Judiciary After a Transition: Between a Rock and a Hard Place
Šipulová, K., & Kosař, D. (2025) · Hague Journal on the Rule of Law · doi:10.1007/s40803-024-00201-y · Cited by 6
Taking the Rule of Law’s Opposition Seriously
Cheesman, N. (2017) · Hague Journal on the Rule of Law · doi:10.1007/s40803-016-0048-4 · Cited by 6
Selective Law Enforcement in Russian Politics 2007-2011. Legal Action for Extra-Legal Purposes.
Bækken, H. (2014) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 6
Bolkvadze, K. (2025) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.70030 · Cited by 5
How do college students in Ukraine and the United States view criminal offenders?
Soto, W. D., & Tajalli, H. (2016) · International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/01924036.2016.1184172 · Cited by 5
The Judicial Self-Government at the International Level — A New Research Agenda
Tsereteli, N., & Smekal, H. (2018) · German Law Journal · doi:10.1017/s207183220002335x · Cited by 5
The Informal Dimension of Constitutional Politics in Asia
Dressel, B. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108163903.004 · Cited by 5
¿Qué es la Decisión Judicial? Notas sobre los estudios judiciales en América Latina
Salinas, J. C. (2020) · Latin American Law Review · doi:10.29263/lar04.2020.06 · Cited by 5
The civic crime of corruption: Citizen networks and public sector bribery in the non-democracies
Zaloznaya, M. (2022) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/13624806221099105 · Cited by 5
Richardson, T. (2021) · Journal of Agrarian Change · doi:10.1111/joac.12444 · Cited by 4
Ros, L. D., & Bogéa, D. (2023) · Política & Sociedade · doi:10.5007/2175-7984.2022.e93865 · Cited by 4
Of deviance and patriarchy: Mechanisms of gender discrimination in public-sector corruption
Zaloznaya, M., Glanville, J. L., & Haylett, J. (2024) · Criminology · doi:10.21428/cb6ab371.a7b80ee9 · Cited by 4
Rethinking Judicial Independence in India and Sri Lanka
Abeyratne, R. (2015) · Asian Journal of Comparative Law · doi:10.1017/asjcl.2015.6 · Cited by 4
The Relevance of Criminal Courts in the Global South
Ciocchini, P. L. (2017) · Laws · doi:10.3390/laws6040029 · Cited by 4
Judicial recruitment in post-communist context: informal dynamics and façade reforms
Tsereteli, N. (2020) · International Journal of the Legal Profession · doi:10.1080/09695958.2020.1776128 · Cited by 4
Přinesla „Pospíšilova“ reforma kárného řízení skutečně zpřísnění kárného postihu českých soudců?
Kosař, D., & Papoušková, T. (2017) · Časopis pro právní vědu a praxi · doi:10.5817/cpvp2017-2-3 · Cited by 4
Who Judges?: Designing Jury Systems in Japan, East Asia, and Europe
Kage, R. (2017) · Cited by 3
Hein, M., & Ewert, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-19662-2_5 · Cited by 3
Şuteu, S. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0001 · Cited by 3
Toktogazieva, S. (2021) · Constitutional Review · doi:10.31078/consrev725 · Cited by 3
Epperly, B., & Zeng, Y. (2025) · Journal of Law and Courts · doi:10.1017/jlc.2024.29 · Cited by 2
Analysis of habeas corpus: the case of Jorge Glas Espinel (Ecuador)
González, A. L., & Nunura, S. N. R. (2024) · Sortuz · doi:10.35295/sz.iisl.1762 · Cited by 2
Model of Supervision over Administrative Courts in Poland
Olszanowski, J. (2020) · Bratislava Law Review · doi:10.46282/blr.2020.4.2.195 · Cited by 2
“Modern Authoritarians” Coping with the Challenge of Modern Society
Hayoz, N. (2018) · Soziale Systeme · doi:10.1515/sosys-2018-0005 · Cited by 2
POLITICIZATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD IN UKRAINE
Yevsieiev, O., & Tolkachova, I. A. (2018) · Russian Law Journal · doi:10.17589/2309-8678-2018-6-4-8-36 · Cited by 2
Subordination, conformity and alignment
Fleck, Z. (2024) · Oñati Socio-legal Series · doi:10.35295/osls.iisl.1896 · Cited by 2
The Consequences of Appointment Policies for Court Legitimacy in Benin: A Network Analysis ApproachPreprint
Stroh, A. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2786614 · Cited by 2
Threats to Judicial Independence
Schwartz, A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192898579.013.47 · Cited by 1
Lazarev, E., & Skougarevskiy, D. (2025) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592724002743 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Popova, M.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Popova, Maria
- ORCID
- Popova, Maria
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2012-01-31
- OpenAlex
- W3162892875
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 15.69
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Judicial and Constitutional Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
- Keywords
- politicization of the judiciary, independent courts, new democracies, political competition, judicial independence, lower courts, Russian court, Ukrainian courts, judicial decisions, political regimes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review