The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Interpersonal aspects of response: Constructing and interpreting teacher written feedback
Abstract
As a pedagogical genre, teacher written feedback is designed to carry a heavy informational load, offering commentary on the form and content of a text to encourage students to develop their writing and consolidate their learning. The information offers the assistance of an expert, guiding the learner through the “zone of proximal development” (Vygotsky, 1978) and providing opportunities for students to see how others respond to their work and to learn from these responses. Feedback plays a pedagogical role by pointing forward to other texts students will write, assisting students to work out the text's potential and to comprehend the writing context, and providing a sense of audience and an understanding of the expectations of the communities they are writing for. The substantial comments that many teachers write on student papers thus do more than simply justify a grade. They provide a reader reaction and offer targeted instruction. Often, however, written feedback has been seen as purely informational, a means of channeling reactions and advice to facilitate improvements. Response is therefore discussed as if it were an objective, impersonal, and purely didactic discourse – simply an interaction between a teacher and a text. But, although the information in feedback is a key factor in learning to write, it is effective only if it engages with the writer and gives him or her a sense that it is a response to a person rather than to a script.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Personalisation is a key factor in feedback assimilation, with students more likely to value feedback that takes into account their individual needs.
“This personalisation is a key factor in feedback assimilation, with students more likely to value feedback that takes into account their individual needs (Hyland & Hyland, 2006).”
From Stop! Grammar time: University students’ perceptions of the automated feedback program Grammarly (2019) · cites this paper as Hyland & Hyland, 2006
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Feedback on second language students' writing
Hyland, K., & Hyland, F. (2006) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444806003399 · Cited by 1,048
Self-citation‘Argument!’ helping students understand what essay writing is about
Wingate, U. (2011) · Journal of English for Academic Purposes · doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2011.11.001 · Cited by 392
Written corrective feedback for individual L2 writers
Ferris, D. R., Liu, H., Sinha, A., & Senna, M. (2012) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2012.09.009 · Cited by 348
Student reactions to teacher feedback in two Hong Kong secondary classrooms
Lee, I. (2008) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2007.12.001 · Cited by 344
Feeling feedback: students’ emotional responses to educator feedback
Ryan, T., & Henderson, M. (2018) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2017.1416456 · Cited by 189
Stop! Grammar time: University students’ perceptions of the automated feedback program Grammarly
ONeill, R., & Russell, A. (2019) · Australasian Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.14742/ajet.3795 · Cited by 180
The Effectiveness of feedback for L1-English and L2-writing development: a meta-analysis.
Biber, D., Nekrasova, T., & Horn, B. (2011) · ETS Research Report Series · doi:10.1002/j.2333-8504.2011.tb02241.x · Cited by 175
Baştürkmen, H., East, M., & Bitchener, J. (2012) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2012.752728 · Cited by 173
Relations between scripted online peer feedback processes and quality of written argumentative essay
Noroozi, O., Biemans, H., & Mulder, M. (2016) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2016.05.002 · Cited by 176
Huang, Y., & Zhang, L. J. (2019) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2019.1649223 · Cited by 159
The effect of peer and teacher feedback on changes in EFL students’ writing self-efficacy
Ruegg, R. (2014) · Language Learning Journal · doi:10.1080/09571736.2014.958190 · Cited by 170
Loh, E. K. Y. (2019) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2019.102119 · Cited by 136
Writing in Foreign Language Contexts
Manchón, R. M. (2009) · Multilingual Matters eBooks · doi:10.2307/jj.27195487 · Cited by 116
Henderson, M., Ryan, T., Boud, D. J., Dawson, P., Phillips, M., Molloy, E., & Mahoney, P. (2019) · Active Learning in Higher Education · doi:10.1177/1469787419872393 · Cited by 111
Student perceptions of hidden messages in teacher written feedback
Hyland, K. (2013) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2013.06.003 · Cited by 125
Self-citationEpilogue: Exploring L2 writing–SLA interfaces
Ortega, L. (2012) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2012.09.002 · Cited by 106
Exploring Students’ Perceptions of ESL Writing
Ismail, S. A. A. (2011) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v4n2p73 · Cited by 96
Epistemological diversity and moral ends of research in instructed SLA
Ortega, L. (2012) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/0267658311431373 · Cited by 69
Jabali, O. M. (2018) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00896 · Cited by 59
Written Corrective Feedback and Its Challenges for Pre-Service ESL Teachers
Guénette, D., & Lyster, R. (2012) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.1346 · Cited by 58
How do students of German perceive feedback practices at university? A motivational exploration
Busse, V. (2013) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2013.09.005 · Cited by 56
The Socialization of L2 Doctoral Students through Written Feedback
Anderson, T. (2020) · Journal of Language Identity & Education · doi:10.1080/15348458.2020.1726758 · Cited by 55
Ädel, A. (2016) · English for Specific Purposes · doi:10.1016/j.esp.2016.09.002 · Cited by 59
Discourse structure and variation in manuscript reviews: Implications for genre categorization
Samraj, B. (2016) · English for Specific Purposes · doi:10.1016/j.esp.2015.12.003 · Cited by 51
Video Feedback in Higher Education – A Contribution to Improving the Quality of Written Feedback
Mathisen, P. (2012) · Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy · doi:10.18261/issn1891-943x-2012-02-02 · Cited by 51
Adult beginner distance language learner perceptions and use of assignment feedback
Furnborough, C., & Truman, M. (2009) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587910903236544 · Cited by 45
Warner, R., & Miller, J. W. (2014) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2014.956695 · Cited by 43
Institutional Forces and L2 Writing Feedback in Higher Education
Séror, J. (2009) · Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes · doi:10.3138/cmlr.66.2.203 · Cited by 41
Séror, J. (2011) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 41
Writing Instruction and Policies for Written Corrective Feedback in the Basic Language Sequence
Vyatkina, N. (2011) · L2 Journal · doi:10.5070/l2319070 · Cited by 37
Reframing the effectiveness of feedback in improving teaching and learning achievement
Selvaraj, A. M., & Azman, H. (2020) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v9i4.20654 · Cited by 37
Diagnostic Feedback in the Classroom
Jang, E., & Wagner, M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118411360.wbcla081 · Cited by 31
Video and text feedback on ESL writing: Understanding attitude and negotiating relationships
Cunningham, K. J., & Link, S. (2021) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2021.100797 · Cited by 35
Beyond the Iron Triangle: improving the quality of teaching and learning at scale
Ryan, T., French, S., & Kennedy, G. E. (2019) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2019.1679763 · Cited by 34
The Effects of Genre-Based Instruction and Genre-Focused Feedback on L2 Writing Performance
Uzun, K., & TOPKAYA, E. (2019) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2019.1661317 · Cited by 32
Teacher Written Feedback on Student Writing: Teachers’ and Learners’ Perspectives
Agbayahoun, J. P. (2016) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.0610.01 · Cited by 32
An Insight to Students’ Perceptions on Teacher Feedback in Second Language Writing Classes
Şeker, M., & Dinçer, A. (2014) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v7n2p73 · Cited by 31
Yu, R., & Yang, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735101 · Cited by 28
USING SCREEN CAPTURE SOFTWARE FOR STUDENT FEEDBACK: TOWARDS A METHODOLOGY
Brick, B., & Holmes, J. (2008) · Cited by 28
Cunningham, K. J. (2019) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.03.002 · Cited by 26
Comprehensive corrective feedback on low and high proficiency writers
López, M. B., Steendam, E. V., & Buyse, K. (2017) · ITL Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1075/itl.168.1.04bon · Cited by 25
Learner Engagement with Written Feedback
Han, Y., & Hyland, F. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108635547.015 · Cited by 27
Self-citationThe role of written formative feedback in inducing non-formal learning among masters students
Mirzaee, A., & Hasrati, M. (2014) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2014.880683 · Cited by 23
Automated Writing Evaluation System: Tapping its Potential for Learner Engagement
Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2018) · IEEE Engineering Management Review · doi:10.1109/emr.2018.2866150 · Cited by 23
ChatGPT and EFL/ESL writing: a systematic review of advantages and challenges
Alsaedi, N. (2024) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v17n5p41 · Cited by 22
“Consequently, to assist EFL/ESL learners in advancing through the "zone of proximal development" (Vygotsky, 1978) and enhancing their EFL/ESL writing skills, it is crucial to provide personalized feedback (Hyland & Hyland, 2012).”
BackgroundPrompting MEd students to engage with academia and the professional world through feedback
Li, Y., Hyland, F., & Hu, G. (2017) · Journal of English for Academic Purposes · doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2017.02.005 · Cited by 22
Self-citationAlnasser, S. M. N. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221123021 · Cited by 20
Dingyloudi, F., & Strijbos, J.-W. (2018) · Learning Culture and Social Interaction · doi:10.1016/j.lcsi.2018.02.002 · Cited by 20
Yeh, S.-W., Lo, J., & Chu, H.-M. (2014) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2014.09.015 · Cited by 14
The Impact of Teacher Feedback Via Google Doc in L2 Learners’ Writing
Alharbi, M. A., & Alqefari, A. N. (2021) · International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research · doi:10.26803/ijlter.20.11.10 · Cited by 12
Department of Foreign Languages, I. U. O. S. A. T., Farsani, M. A., & Aghamohammadi, N. (2021) · Mextesol Journal · doi:10.61871/mj.v45n4-1 · Cited by 9
‘I finally understand my mistakes’ – the benefits of screencast feedback
Bjerknes, A., Opdal, L., & Canrinus, E. T. (2023) · Technology Pedagogy and Education · doi:10.1080/1475939x.2023.2258134 · Cited by 9
Feedback From Internship Mentors in Technical Communication Internships
Kramer-Simpson, E. (2017) · Journal of Technical Writing and Communication · doi:10.1177/0047281617728362 · Cited by 9
Ryan, T., Henderson, M., & Phillips, M. (2020) · Technology Pedagogy and Education · doi:10.1080/1475939x.2020.1744479 · Cited by 9
Rastgou, A. (2022) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2022.100633 · Cited by 9
Mann, S. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137440068_10 · Cited by 9
Morton, J., Storch, N., & Thompson, C. H. (2014) · Journal of academic language and learning · Cited by 9
Holistic perspective on Feedback for adult beginners in an online course of Swedish
Jakobson, L. (2015) · Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies · doi:10.17011/apples/urn.201512174094 · Cited by 9
Investigating Written Feedback on Students’ Academic Writing
Wirantaka, A. (2019) · doi:10.2991/icosihess-19.2019.1 · Cited by 8
EFL Teachers’ Writing Assessment Literacy, Beliefs, and Training Needs in the Context of Turkey
Valızadeh, M. (2019) · Advances in Language and Literary Studies · doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.6p.53 · Cited by 8
Writing Teacher Views on Teacher Feedback: A Shift from Grammar Corrector to Motivator
Cho, S. (2015) · The Journal of AsiaTEFL · doi:10.18823/asiatefl.2015.12.3.2.33 · Cited by 8
Implementing feedback literacy practices through self-assessment and peer feedback
Soltani, B., & Zhang, L. J. (2024) · Australian Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1075/aral.23053.sol · Cited by 7
The Effect of Individualized Technology-Mediated Feedback on EFL Learners’ Argumentative Essays
Soltanpour, F., & Valızadeh, M. (2018) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature · doi:10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.3p.125 · Cited by 7
Ebyary, K. E. (2017) · CDELT Occasional Papers in the Development of English Education · doi:10.21608/opde.2017.87705 · Cited by 7
Poverjuc, O. (2011) · Journal of Academic Writing · doi:10.18552/joaw.v1i1.17 · Cited by 7
Effective Comments and Revisions in Student Writing from WAC Courses
Wingard, J., & Geosits, A. (2014) · Across the Disciplines · doi:10.37514/atd-j.2014.11.1.03 · Cited by 7
The Effect of Comprehensive Written Corrective Feedback on EFL Learners’ Written Syntactic Accuracy
Valızadeh, M. (2020) · Advances in Language and Literary Studies · doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.11n.1p.17 · Cited by 7
Aridah, A., & Iswari, W. P. (2021) · Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences · doi:10.18844/cjes.v16i3.5820 · Cited by 7
Moving from Feedback to Feedforward in IBDP classrooms
Dulfer, N., & Koopaei, F. A. (2021) · Journal of Research in International Education · doi:10.1177/14752409211032528 · Cited by 7
Exploring Second Language Writing Teacher Cognition
Yiğitoğlu, N. (2022) · doi:10.57709/2090955 · Cited by 7
Research on the Effect of Supervisor Feedback for Undergraduate Thesis Writing
Jiang, S., & Yan, X. (2019) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v13n1p43 · Cited by 6
Soltani, B. (2015) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.21291666 · Cited by 6
Undergraduate thesis supervisory conference: Academic discourse socialisation multiple-case study
Yamada, K. (2022) · Linguistics and Education · doi:10.1016/j.linged.2022.101054 · Cited by 5
Assessing the Quality of Online Peer Feedback in L2 Writing
Rosalia, C., & Llosa, L. (2009) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-59904-994-6.ch020 · Cited by 5
Using feedback comments to develop a rating scale for a written coursework assessment
Jeffrey, R. (2015) · Journal of English for Academic Purposes · doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2015.03.002 · Cited by 5
Sakamoto, M. (2018) · IAFOR Journal of Language Learning · doi:10.22492/ijll.3.2.05 · Cited by 6
Guénette, D. (2010) · doi:10.82308/8293 · Cited by 5
A Business Writing OIL (Online International Learning)
Smith, S., & Keng, N. (2017) · International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.4018/ijcallt.2017100103 · Cited by 4
Saudi EFL Students' Responses to Written Corrective Feedback on Writing
Alqefari, A. N. (2023) · World Journal of English Language · doi:10.5430/wjel.v13n3p98 · Cited by 4
Dynamic Assessment of Academic Writing and Its Future in Higher Education
Shrestha, P. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55845-1_8 · Cited by 4
Jakobson, L. (2022) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages7020074 · Cited by 4
Teacher written feedback on adult beginners’ writing in a second language
Jakobson, L. (2018) · ITL Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1075/itl.17013.jak · Cited by 4
Perceptional Change Toward Peer Response: How Writers Incorporated Feedback Into Revisions
Fujieda, Y. (2007) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · doi:10.34443/00000039 · Cited by 4
Impact of Teacher and Peer Feedback on University Students' Spelling and Punctuation
Al-Farsi, S., & Slimi, Z. (2025) · European Journal of English Language Studies · doi:10.12973/ejels.5.2.113 · Cited by 3
Alnasser, S. M. N. (2022) · Journal of Language Teaching and Research · doi:10.17507/jltr.1303.24 · Cited by 3
Stimulus business writing: Using case studies and reports in a cross-cultural Virtual Exchange
Smith, S. (2021) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2021.1951805 · Cited by 3
Jakobson, L. (2019) · Nordand · doi:10.18261/issn.2535-3381-2019-01-02 · Cited by 3
Jahnsen, V. R., & Bakken, J. (2020) · Acta Didactica Norden · doi:10.5617/adno.7847 · Cited by 3
Higher Education, Academic Writing Assessment and Formative Feedback
Shrestha, P. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55845-1_1 · Cited by 3
Gezegin, B. B., Akbaş, E., & Başal, A. (2022) · English language education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13540-8_14 · Cited by 3
Kordi, L., Hasheminejad, S., & Biria, R. (2012) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.4304/tpls.2.6.1249-1257 · Cited by 3
Alnasser, S. M. N. (2018) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2018.060804 · Cited by 3
Identity Development of Korean Writing Tutors of English : Working on the Border
Cho, S. (2019) · The Journal of AsiaTEFL · doi:10.18823/asiatefl.2019.16.1.15.235 · Cited by 3
Nia, Z. A., & Valızadeh, M. (2021) · Shanlax International Journal of Education · doi:10.34293/education.v9i4.4093 · Cited by 3
L1-orienterad grammatikundervisning i L2-kontext
Bandh, E., Collberg, P., & Lundin, K. (2023) · Acta Didactica Norden · doi:10.5617/adno.9733 · Cited by 2
Evaluating ChatGPT’s Reliability in Grading Writing Assignments on the EOP Learning Platform
Tran, Y. V., & Le, T. (2025) · ICTE Conference Proceedings · doi:10.54855/979-8-9870112-8-7_1 · Cited by 2
Pérez, M. A. (2020) · Boletín de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua · doi:10.46744/bapl.202002.007 · Cited by 2
Feuerherm, E. M. (2012) · The CATESOL journal. · doi:10.5070/b5.36194 · Cited by 2
Kramer-Simpson, E. (2012) · University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester) · Cited by 2
Ortega, L. (2012) · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Hyland, K., & Hyland, F.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- ORCID
- Ken Hyland
- Venue
- Feedback in Second Language Writing
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 2006-08-14
- Pages
- 206-224
- OpenAlex
- W1550188472
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 12.25
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Linguistics and Education Research
- Keywords
- teacher written feedback, written corrective feedback, zone of proximal development, writing instruction, student writing, reader response
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review