Cited by 113Functional Brain Connectivity StudiesComplex Network Analysis TechniquesAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications

Multi-scale community organization of the human structural connectome and its relationship with resting-state functional connectivity

Open access
BETZEL, RICHARD F., GRIFFA, ALESSANDRA, AVENA-KOENIGSBERGER, ANDREA, GOÑI, JOAQUÍN, THIRAN, JEAN-PHILIPPE, HAGMANN, PATRIC, SPORNS, OLAF·2013·Network Science

Abstract

The human connectome has been widely studied over the past decade. A principal finding is that it can be decomposed into communities of densely interconnected brain regions. Past studies have often used single-scale modularity measures in order to infer the connectome's community structure, possibly overlooking interesting structure at other organizational scales. In this report, we used the partition stability framework, which defines communities in terms of a Markov process (random walk), to infer the connectome's multi-scale community structure. Comparing the community structure to observed resting-state functional connectivity revealed communities across a broad range of scales that were closely related to functional connectivity. This result suggests a mapping between communities in structural networks, models of influence-spreading and diffusion, and brain function. It further suggests that the spread of influence among brain regions may not be limited to a single characteristic scale.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/nws.2013.19

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Modular structure constrains information flow through the network in a manner thought to promote functional segregation and specialized information processing.

    “This modular structure constrains the flow of information through the network in a manner thought to promote functional segregation and clusters of specialized information processing (Betzel et al., 2013).”

    From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Betzel et al., 2013

    The Introduction describes communities as preferentially interconnected nodes that can trap the flow of random walkers, a model the paper says can represent information diffusion. The Discussion links connection topology to functional coupling, but our copy does not say that modular structure promotes specialized information processing or functional segregation in those terms. No page numbers were provided for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 53

  1. Albert, R., Jeong, H., & Barab ási, A. L. (1999). Internet: Diameter of the world-wide web. Nature, 401(6749), 130-131.
  2. Arenas, A., Fernandez, A., & Gomez, S. (2008). Analysis of the structure of complex networks at different resolution levels. New Journal of Physics, 10(5), 053039.
  3. Bassett, D. S., Greenfield, D. L., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Weinberger, D. R., Moore, S. W., & Bullmore, E. T. (2010). Efficient physical embedding of topologically complex information processing networks in brains and computer circuits. PLoS Computational Biology, 6(4), e1000748.
  4. Bassett, D. S., Porter, M. A., Wymbs, N. F., Grafton, S. T., Carlson, J. M., & Mucha, P. J. (2013). Robust detection of dynamic community structure in networks. Chaos, 23(1), 013142.
  5. Bassett, D. S., Wymbs, N. F., Porter, M. A., Mucha, P. J., Carlson, J. M., & Grafton, S. T. (2011). Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain networks during learning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108(18), 7641-7646.
  6. Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J. L., Lambiotte, R., & Lefebvre, E. (2008). Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2008(10), P10008.
  7. Bullmore, E., & Sporns, O. (2009). Complex brain networks: Graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(3), 186-198.
  8. Bullmore, E., & Sporns, O. (2012). The economy of brain network organization. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(5), 336-349.
  9. Cammoun, L., Gigandet, X., Meskaldji, D., Thiran, J. P., Sporns, O., Do, K. Q., . . . Hagmann, P. (2012). Mapping the human connectome at multiple scales with diffusion spectrum MRI. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 203(2), 386-397.
  10. Carpineto, C., & Romano, G. (2012). Consensus clustering based on a new probabilistic rand index with application to subtopic retrieval. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 34(12), 2315-2326.
  11. Chen, Z. J., He, Y., Rosa-Neto, P., Germann, J., & Evans, A. C. (2008). Revealing modular architecture of human brain structural networks by using cortical thickness from MRI. Cerebral Cortex, 18(10), 2374-2381.
  12. Chu, C. W., Holliday, J. D., & Willett, P. (2012). Combining multiple classifications of chemical structures using consensus clustering. Bioorganic and Medical Chemistry, 20(18), 5366-5371.
  13. Daducci, A., Gerhard, S., Griffa, A., Lemkaddem, A., Cammoun, L., Gigandet, X., . . . Thiran, J. P. (2012). The Connectome Mapper: An open-source processing pipeline to map connectomes with MRI. PloS One, 7(12), e48121.
  14. Damoiseaux, J. S., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Barkhof, F., Scheltens, P., Stam, C. J., Smith, S. M., & Beckmann, C. F. (2006). Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(37), 13848-13853.
  15. Delmotte, A., Tate, E. W., Yaliraki, S. N., & Barahona, M. (2011). Protein multi-scale organization through graph partitioning and robustness analysis: Application to the myosin-myosin light chain interaction. Physical Biology, 8(5), 055010.
  16. Delvenne, J. C., Yaliraki, S. N., & Barahona, M. (2010). Stability of graph communities across time scales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(29), 12755-12760.
  17. Fenn, D. J., Porter, M. A., McDonald, M., Williams, S., Johnson, N. F., & Jones, N. S. (2009). Dynamic communities in multichannel data: An application to the foreign exchange market during the 2007-2008 credit crisis. Chaos, 19(3), 033119.
  18. Fenn, D. J., Porter, M. A., Mucha, P. J., McDonald, M., Williams, S., Johnson, N. F., & Jones, N. S. (2012). Dynamical clustering of exchange rates. Quantitative Finance, 12(10), 1493-1520.
  19. Flake, G. W., Lawrence, S., Giles, C. L., & Coetzee, F. M. (2002). Self-organization and identification of web communities. Computer, 35(3), 66-70.
  20. Fortunato, S. (2010). Community detection in graphs. Physics Reports, 486(3), 75-174.
  21. Fox, M. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2007). Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(9), 700-711.
  22. Freeman, L. C. (2004). The development of social network analysis. Vancouver: Empirical Press.
  23. Girvan, M., & Newman, M. E. (2002). Community structure in social and biological networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(12), 7821-7826.
  24. Gong, G., He, Y., Concha, L., Lebel, C., Gross, D. W., Evans, A. C., & Beaulieu, C. (2009). Mapping anatomical connectivity patterns of human cerebral cortex using in vivo diffusion tensor imaging tractography. Cerebral Cortex, 19(3), 524-536.
  25. Greicius, M. D., Krasnow, B., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2003). Functional connectivity in the resting brain: A network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(1), 253-258.
  26. Grinstead, C. C. M., & Snell, J. L. (Eds.). (1997). Introduction to probability (2nd ed.). Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society.
  27. Guimera, R., & Amaral, L. A. N. (2005). Cartography of complex networks: Modules and universal roles. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2005(02), P02001.
  28. Haimovici, A., Tagliazucchi, E., Balenzuela, P., & Chialvo, D. R. (2013). Brain organization into resting state networks emerges from the connectome at criticality. Physical Review Letters, 110(17), 178101.
  29. Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. J. H. (2001). The elements of statistical learning, Vol. 1. New York: Springer.
  30. Honey, C. J., Sporns, O., Cammoun, L., Gigandet, X., Thiran, J. P., Meuli, R., & Hagmann, P. (2009). Predicting human resting-state functional connectivity from structural connectivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(6), 2035-2040.
  31. Jonsson, P. F., Cavanna, T., Zicha, D., & Bates, P. A. (2006). Cluster analysis of networks generated through homology: Automatic identification of important protein communities involved in cancer metastasis. BMC Bioinformatics, 7(1), 2.
  32. Lambiotte, R. (2010). Multi-scale modularity in complex networks. In Modeling and optimization in mobile, ad hoc and wireless networks (WiOpt), 2010 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on (pp. 546-553). Avignon, France: IEEE.
  33. Lambiotte, R., Delvenne, J. C., & Barahona, M. (2008). Laplacian dynamics and multiscale modular structure in networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:0812.1770. · arXiv
  34. Lambiotte, R., Sinatra, R., Delvenne, J. C., Evans, T. S., Barahona, M., & Latora, V. (2011). Flow graphs: Interweaving dynamics and structure. Physical Review E, 84(1), 017102.
  35. Moody, J., & White, D. R. (2003). Structural cohesion and embeddedness: A hierarchical concept of social groups. American Sociological Review, 68(1), 103-127.
  36. Mucha, P. J., Richardson, T., Macon, K., Porter, M. A., & Onnela, J. P. (2010). Community structure in time-dependent, multiscale, and multiplex networks. Science, 328(5980), 876- 878.
  37. Onnela, J.-K., Fenn, D. J., Reid, S., Porter, M. A., Mucha, P. J., Fricker, M. D., & Jones, N. S. (2012). Taxonomies of networks from community structure. Physical Review E, 86(3), 036104.
  38. Power, J. D., Barnes, K. A., Snyder, A. Z., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E. (2012). Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion. Neuroimage, 59(3), 2142-2154.
  39. Reichardt, J., & Bornholdt, S. (2006). Statistical mechanics of community detection. Physical Review E, 74(1), 016110.
  40. Ronhovde, P., & Nussinov, Z. (2009). Multiresolution community detection for megascale networks by information-based replica correlations. Physical Review E, 80(1), 016109.
  41. Schaub, M. T., Delvenne, J. C., Yaliraki, S. N., & Barahona, M. (2012). Markov dynamics as a zooming lens for multiscale community detection: Non clique-like communities and the field-of-view limit. PloS One, 7(2), e32210.
  42. Smith, S. M., Fox, P. T., Miller, K. L., Glahn, D. C., Fox, P. M., Mackay, C. E., ... Beckmann, C. F. (2009). Correspondence of the brain's functional architecture during activation and rest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(31), 13040-13045.
  43. Sporns, O., Tononi, G., & Kötter, R. (2005). The human connectome: A structural description of the human brain. PLoS Computational Biology, 1(4), e42.
  44. Strehl, A., & Ghosh, J. (2003). Cluster ensembles-a knowledge reuse framework for combining multiple partitions. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, 583-617.
  45. Topchy, A., Jain, A. K., & Punch, W. (2005). Models of consensus and weak partitions. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(12), 1866-1881.
  46. Traag, V. A., & Bruggeman, J. (2009). Community detection in networks with positive and negative links. Physical Review E, 80(3), 036115.
  47. van den Heuvel, M. P., Kahn, R. S., Goñi, J., & Sporns, O. (2012). High-cost, high-capacity backbone for global brain communication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(28), 11372-11377.
  48. van den Heuvel, M. P., & Sporns, O. (2011). Rich-club organization of the human connectome. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(44), 15775-15786.
  49. Vértes, P. E., Alexander-Block, A. F., Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Rapoport, J. L., & Bullmore, E. T. (2012). Simple models of human brain functional networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(15), 5868-5873.
  50. Wedeen, V. J., Wang, R. P., Schmahmann, J. D., Benner, T., Tseng, W. Y. I., Dai, G., ... De Crespigny, A. J. (2008). Diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (DSI) tractography of crossing fibers. Neuroimage, 41(4), 1267-1277.
  51. Wu, K., Taki, Y., Sato, K., Sassa, Y., Inoue, K., Goto, R., ... Fukuda, H. (2011). The overlapping community structure of structural brain network in young healthy individuals. PloS One, 6(5), e19608.
  52. Yu, Z., Wong, H. S., & Wang, H. (2007). Graph-based consensus clustering for class discovery from gene expression data. Bioinformatics, 23(21), 2888-2896.
  53. Zalesky, A., Fornito, A., Harding, I. H., Cocchi, L., Yücel, M., Pantelis, C., & Bullmore, E. T. (2010). Whole-brain anatomical networks: Does the choice of nodes matter? Neuroimage, 50(3), 970-983.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
BETZEL, R. F., GRIFFA, A., AVENA-KOENIGSBERGER, A., GOÑI, J., THIRAN, J.-P., HAGMANN, P., & SPORNS, O.
Affiliations
  • Indiana University Bloomington (US)
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
Venue
Network Science
Published
2013-12
Volume
1
Issue
3
Pages
353-373
ISSN
  • 2050-1242 (ISSN-L)
  • 2050-1250
OpenAlex
W1964757651
Cited by
113
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 11
FWCI
6.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Network Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
  • Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
National Science Foundation
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Keywords
resting-state functional connectivity, community structure, random walks, modularity, brain network organization, diffusion

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review