The effect of scan length on the reliability of resting-state fMRI connectivity estimates
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There has been an increasing use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) by the neuroscience community to examine differences in functional connectivity between normal control groups and populations of interest. Understanding the reliability of these functional connections is essential to the study of neurological development and degenerate neuropathological conditions. To date, most research assessing the reliability with which resting-state functional connectivity characterizes the brain's functional networks has been on scans between 3 and 11 min in length. In our present study, we examine the test-retest reliability and similarity of resting-state functional connectivity for scans ranging in length from 3 to 27 min as well as for time series acquired during the same length of time but excluding half the time points via sampling every second image. Our results show that reliability and similarity can be greatly improved by increasing the scan lengths from 5 min up to 13 min, and that both the increase in the number of volumes as well as the increase in the length of time over which these volumes was acquired drove this increase in reliability. This improvement in reliability due to scan length is much greater for scans acquired during the same session. Gains in intersession reliability began to diminish after 9-12 min, while improvements in intrasession reliability plateaued around 12-16 min. Consequently, new techniques that improve reliability across sessions will be important for the interpretation of longitudinal fMRI studies.
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The length of the timeseries of individuals' resting-state data (5 min) may not have been long enough to generate reliable indices of functional connectivity, possibly leading to null differences between groups.
“Although our sample was adequately powered to detect large group differences in functional connectivity, it is possible that the length of the timeseries of individuals' resting-state data (5 min) was not long enough to generate reliable indices of functional connectivity (Birn et al., 2013), possibly leading to null differences between groups.”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Birn et al., 2013
Spatial normalization to the Montreal Neurological Institute template using the structural scans is adequate for reliable functional connectivity estimates.
“Data were then spatially normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute template using the structural scans; previous studies suggest that this is adequate for reliable functional connectivity estimates 66, 67, 68.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [66]
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- Authors
- Birn, R. M., Molloy, E. K., Patriat, R., Parker, T., Meier, T. B., Kirk, G. R., Nair, V. A., Meyerand, M. E., & Prabhakaran, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Rochester (US)
- Corresponding author
- Birn, Rasmus M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 83
- Pages
- 550-558
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4104183
- OpenAlex
- W2084892943
- Cited by
- 875
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 81 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 19.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (RC1MH090912)
- Health Emotions Research Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- resting-state functional connectivity, scan length, test-retest reliability, inter-session reliability, within-session reliability, time series length, sampling frequency, longitudinal fMRI, functional brain networks
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Rest, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Reproducibility of Results, Information Storage and Retrieval, Sample Size, Connectome
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