Democracy and Depression: A Cross-National Study of Depressive Symptoms and Nonparticipation
Abstract
Depression is the most common mental health disorder. It has consequences not only on individuals but also on social and political levels. We argue that depressive symptoms impair political participation by reducing the motivation and physical energy of sufferers. We test our hypotheses by conducting regression analyses of four nationally representative cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys that collectively span many democracies. Our results are threefold. First, we find that the severest depressive symptoms lower the probability of voting by 0.05–0.25 points, an effect that is exceeded only by education and age. Second, we show that depressive symptoms negatively affect political interest and internal efficacy, thereby confirming that they diminish political motivation. Third, we find that depressive symptoms most strongly affect physically demanding acts, thereby confirming that they reduce the physical energy required for participation. We conclude by urging scholars to take depressive symptoms seriously in the study of political behavior.
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Landwehr and Ojeda (2021) show that, across four countries, depressive symptoms substantially reduce the probability of voting by diminishing political motivation and physical energy.
“First, Landwehr and Ojeda (2021) show that, across four countries, depressive symptoms substantially reduce the probability of voting by diminishing political motivation and physical energy (also see Ojeda, 2015, Ojeda & Pacheco, 2019).”
From How to study democratic backsliding (2024) · cites this paper as Landwehr and Ojeda (2021)
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- Authors
- LANDWEHR, C., & OJEDA, C.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Corresponding author
- LANDWEHR, CLAUDIA
- OJEDA, CHRISTOPHER
- Venue
- American Political Science Review
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2020-10-19
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 323-330
- ISSN
- 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5943
- OpenAlex
- W3094416646
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 44.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Political Science Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Keywords
- depressive symptoms, depression, political participation, voting behavior, political interest, internal political efficacy, political motivation, physical energy, democracy
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