Effects of organically and conventionally produced feed on biomarkers of health in a chicken model
Open accessAbstract
Consumers expect organic products to be healthier. However, limited research has been performed to study the effect of organic food on health. The present study aimed to identify biomarkers of health to enable future studies in human subjects. A feeding experiment was performed in two generations of three groups of chickens differing in immune responsiveness, which were fed identically composed feeds from either organic or conventional produce. The animals of the second generation were exposed to an immune challenge and sacrificed at 13 weeks of age. Feed and ingredients were analysed on macro- and micronutrients, i.e. vitamins, minerals, trace elements, heavy metals and microbes. The chickens were studied by general health and immune parameters, metabolomics, genomics and post-mortem evaluation. The organic and conventional feeds were comparable with respect to metabolisable energy. On average, the conventionally produced feeds had a 10 % higher protein content and some differences in micronutrients were observed. Although animals on both feeds were healthy, differences between the groups were found. The random control group of chickens fed conventional feed showed overall a higher weight gain during life span than the group on organic feed, although feed intake was mostly comparable. The animals on organic feed showed an enhanced immune reactivity, a stronger reaction to the immune challenge as well as a slightly stronger ‘catch-up growth’ after the challenge. Biomarkers for future research were identified in the parameters feed intake, body weight and growth rate, and in immunological, physiological and metabolic parameters, several of these differing most pronounced after the challenge.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Several animal dietary intervention studies have identified significant associations between organic feed consumption and animal growth and physiological parameters/biomarkers of health compared with conventional feed.
“However, there are several animal dietary intervention studies that have identified significant associations between organic feed consumption and animal growth and physiological (including immune and endocrine) parameters and/or biomarkers of health when compared with conventional feed consumption( 44 , 45 ).”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
THE USE OF MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS IN TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS
Fisher, R. (1936) · Annals of Eugenics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x · Cited by 16,063 · see citing works
Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists
(1971) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600600253 · Cited by 6,406 · see citing works
Nonparametric Statistical Methods
(1999) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1999.10485954 · Cited by 6,117 · see citing works
Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists
(1991) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0003-2670(91)87088-o · Cited by 3,609 · see citing works
Partial least squares for discrimination
Barker, M. L., & Rayens, W. S. (2003) · Journal of Chemometrics · doi:10.1002/cem.785 · Cited by 2,887 · see citing works
Nonparametric Statistical Methods.
Knott, M. J., Hollander, M., & Wolfe, D. A. (1974) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2344557 · Cited by 2,687 · see citing works
Khovidhunkit, W., Kim, M.-S., Memon, R. A., Shigenaga, J. K., Moser, A. H., Feingold, K. R., & Grunfeld, C. (2004) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r300019-jlr200 · Cited by 1,481 · see citing works
Dendritic-cell control of pathogen-driven T-cell polarization
Kapsenberg, M. L. (2003) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1246 · Cited by 1,440 · see citing works
The expanding superfamily of phospholipase A2 enzymes: classification and characterization
Six, D. A., & Dennis, E. A. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00105-0 · Cited by 1,359 · see citing works
Soft modelling: The Basic Design and Some Extensions
Wold, H. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,262 · see citing works
Acute phase reaction and acute phase proteins
Gruys, E., Toussaint, M. J. M., Niewold, T., & Koopmans, S. J. (2005) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.2005.b1045 · Cited by 1,084 · see citing works
Synergism of nutrition, infection, and immunity: an overview
Scrimshaw, N. S., & SanGiovanni, J. P. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/66.2.464s · Cited by 946 · see citing works
Principles of Multivariate Analysis
Ling, R. F., & Krzanowski, W. J. (1990) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1268873 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Nutritional Quality of Organic Versus Conventional Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains
Worthington, V. (2001) · Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/107555301750164244 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Woese, K., Lange, D., Boess, C., & Bögl, K. (1997) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199707)74:3 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Applied Statistics: Analysis of Variance and Regression.
Imrey, P. B., Dunn, O. J., & Clark, V. A. (1976) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2285782 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Inherent specificities in natural antibodies: a key to immune defense against pathogen invasion
Baumgarth, N., Tung, J. W., & Herzenberg, L. A. (2005) · Springer Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-004-0182-2 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Nutritional modulation of resistance to infectious diseases
Klasing, K. C. (1998) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1093/ps/77.8.1119 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Does the microbiota regulate immune responses outside the gut?
Noverr, M. C., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2004) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2004.10.008 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Principles of Multivariate Analysis.
Everitt, B. S., & Krzanowski, W. J. (1989) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2982935 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Evidence of varietal adaptation to organic farming systems
Murphy, K., Garland-Campbell, K. A., Lyon, S. R., & Jones, S. S. (2007) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2007.03.011 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Metabolic costs of mounting an antigen-stimulated immune response in adult and aged C57BL/6J mice
Demas, G. E., Chefer, V. I., Talan, M. I., & Nelson, R. J. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.5.r1631 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Microbial Metabolomics with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Koek, M. M., Muilwijk, B., WERF, M. J. V. D., & Hankemeier, T. (2006) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac051683+ · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Effects of fertilization and other agronomic measures on nutritional quality of crops
Wang, Z., Sheng-xiu, L., & Malhi, S. S. (2007) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.3084 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Chassy, A. W., Bui, L., Renaud, E. N. C., Horn, M. V., & Mitchell, A. E. (2006) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf060950p · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Symonds, M. E., Stephenson, T. J., Gardner, D. S., & Budge, H. (2006) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd06130 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Parmentier, H. K., Lammers, A., Hoekman, J. J., Reilingh, G. D. V., Zaanen, I. T. A., & Savelkoul, H. F. J. (2003) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(03)00087-9 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationEcological concepts in organic farming and their consequences for an organic crop ideotype
Bueren, E. L. V., Struik, P. C., & Jacobsen, E. (2002) · NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1573-5214(02)80001-x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Applied Statistics: Analysis of Variance and Regression
Sprent, P., Dunn, O. J., & Clark, V. A. (1975) · International Statistical Review · doi:10.2307/1402667 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Kummeling, I., Thijs, C. T., Huber, M., van de Vijver, L. P. L., Snijders, B. E. P., Penders, J., Stelma, F. F., van Ree, R., van den Brandt, P. A., & Dagnelie, P. C. (2007) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114507815844 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationBobeldijk, I., Hekman, M., der Weij, J. D. V.-V., et al. (2008) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.05.008 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Hoogenboom, L. A. P., Bokhorst, J. G., Northolt, M. D., et al. (2008) · Food Additives & Contaminants Part A · doi:10.1080/02652030802014930 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Long-term consequences of early nutrition
Demmelmair, H., von Rosen, J., & Koletzko, B. V. (2006) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.07.004 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Przystalski, M., Osman, A., Thiemt, E. M., Rolland, B., Ericson, L., Østergård, H., Levy, L., Wolfe, M., Büchse, A., Piepho, H.-P., et al. (2008) · Euphytica · doi:10.1007/s10681-008-9715-4 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The immunologists' debt to the chicken
Davison, T. F. (2003) · British Poultry Science · doi:10.1080/0007166031000085364 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Parmentier, H. K., Nieuwland, M. G. B., Rijke, E., et al. (1996) · Avian Diseases · doi:10.2307/1592275 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationLeukocytic Cytokines Regulate Growth Rate and Composition Following Activation of the Immune System
Klasing, K. C., & Korver, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/animalsci1997.75supplement_258x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Schram, E., Dustin, J. P., Moore, S., et al. (1953) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)80747-9 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Handbook of organic food safety and quality
Cooper, J. M., Niggli, U. A., & Leifert, C. (2007) · Woodhead Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845693411 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Verhoeckx, K. C. M., Bijlsma, S., Jespersen, S., Ramaker, R., Verheij, E. R., Witkamp, R. F., van der Greef, J., & Rodenburg, R. J. (2004) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.008 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationDetermination of tryptophan in foods
Slump, P., & Schreuder, H. (1969) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(69)90231-0 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Finamore, A., Britti, M. S., Roselli, M., Bellovino, D., Gaetani, S., & Mengheri, E. (2004) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf049097p · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Eits, R. M., Kwakkel, R. P., Verstegen, M. W. A., et al. (2003) · British Poultry Science · doi:10.1080/0007166031000035544 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Genetic Correlation between Corn Performance in Organic and Conventional Production Systems
Lorenzana, R. E., & Bernardo, R. (2008) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0465 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Harker, F. R. (2003) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/s0950-3293(03)00035-1 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Parmentier, H. K., SIEMONSMA, R., & Nieuwland, M. G. B. (1994) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.0730825 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationSerum haemolytic complement activities in 11 different MHC (B) typed chicken lines
Parmentier, H. K., Baelmans, R., Savelkoul, H. F. J., et al. (2004) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.02.009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationKreukniet, M. B., van der Zijpp, A. J., & Nieuwland, M. G. B. (1992) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/0165-2427(92)90039-s · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ploegaert, T. C. W., Reilingh, G. D. V., Nieuwland, M. G. B., et al. (2007) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1093/ps/86.8.1667 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Organic standards and certification.
Courville, S. (2006) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781845931698.0201 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Increased fat deposition after repeated immunization in growing chickens
Parmentier, H., Bronkhorst, S., Nieuwland, M., et al. (2002) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1093/ps/81.9.1308 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationLauridsen, C., Yong, C., Halekoh, U., Bügel, S. H., Brandt, K., Christensen, L. P., & Jørgensen, H. (2008) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.3142 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
van Hemert, S., Hoekman, A. J. W., Smits, M. A., et al. (2004) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1093/ps/83.10.1675 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jørgensen, H., Brandt, K., & Lauridsen, C. (2008) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2008.09.012 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Effect of organically and conventionally produced diets on jejunal gene expression in chickens
de Greeff, A., Huber, M., van de Vijver, L., Swinkels, W. J. C., Parmentier, H. K., & Rebel, J. M. J. (2009) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114509992273 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationIntroductory Mathematical Statistics.
Korin, B. P., & Kreyszig, E. (1973) · American Mathematical Monthly · doi:10.2307/2319116 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nutritional Rehabilitation for Brain-Injured Infants: Catch-up Growth Is Good
Adamkin, D. H. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3017 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Rivkees, S. A. (2007) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2007.20.3.357 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Brandt K (2007) Food Utilization Invited review commissioned by FAO. [
- Huber M (2003) Minutes Workshop Food Quality and Health (FQH), October 2003. Louis Bolk Instituut, Driebergen, The Netherlands. http://www.organicfqhresearch.org
- Fragner J (1965) Vitamine und Biochemie, Band I (Vitamins and Biochemistry, Band I). Jena: Gustav Fisher Verlag pp. 273.
- Kwakkel RP (1994) Multiphasic growth in the layer pullet - effects of nutrient restriction during rearing PhD Thesis, Wageningen University
- Khovidhunkit W, Kim MS, Memon RA, et al. (2004) Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host. Review. J Lipid Res 45, 69-96 (Epublication 21 April 2004).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Barański, M., Średnicka-Tober, D., Volakakis, N., Seal, C., Sanderson, R., Stewart, G. B., Benbrook, C., Biavati, B., Markellou, E., Giotis, C., et al. (2014) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514001366 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
“However, there are several animal dietary intervention studies that have identified significant associations between organic feed consumption and animal growth and physiological (including immune and endocrine) parameters and/or biomarkers of health when compared with conventional feed consumption((44,45)).”
Nutrition-related health effects of organic foods: a systematic review
Dangour, A. D., Lock, K., Hayter, A., Aikenhead, A., Allen, E., & Uauy, R. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29269 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Contribution of Organically Grown Crops to Human Health
Johansson, E., Hussain, A., Kuktaite, R., Andersson, S., & Olsson, M. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph110403870 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Średnicka-Tober, D., Barański, M., Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J., Skwarło-Sońta, K., Rembiałkowska, E., Hajslova, J., Schulzova, V., Çakmak, I., Öztürk, L., Królikowski, T., et al. (2013) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf303978n · Cited by 35 · see citing works
- Authors
- Huber, M., van de Vijver, L. P. L., Parmentier, H., Savelkoul, H., Coulier, L., Wopereis, S., Verheij, E., van der Greef, J., Nierop, D., & Hoogenboom, R. A. P.
- Affiliations
- Louis Bolk Instituut (NL)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Huber, Machteld
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-10-28
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 663-676
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2159197273
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 8.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Organic Food and Agriculture
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Keywords
- organic feed, chicken model, health biomarkers, immune responsiveness, immune challenge, catch-up growth, feed composition, micronutrients, metabolomics, growth rate, body weight, feed intake, heavy metals, trace elements
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Feed, Chickens, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Growth, Random Allocation, Biomarkers, Weight Gain, Micronutrients, Models, Animal, Adaptive Immunity, Food, Organic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
