Total, insoluble and soluble dietary fibre intake in relation to blood pressure: the INTERMAP Study
Open accessAbstract
Prospective cohort studies have shown inverse associations between fibre intake and CVD, possibly mediated by blood pressure (BP). However, little is known about the impact of types of fibre on BP. We examined cross-sectional associations with BP of total, insoluble and soluble fibre intakes. Data were used from the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP) study, including 2195 men and women aged between 40 and 59 years from the USA. During four visits, eight BP, four 24 h dietary recalls and two 24 h urine samples were collected. Linear regression models adjusted for lifestyle and dietary confounders to estimate BP differences per 2 sd higher intakes of total and individual types of fibre were calculated. After multivariable adjustment, total fibre intake higher by 6·8 g/4184 kJ (6·8 g/1000 kcal) was associated with a 1·69 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure (SBP; 95 % CI −2·97, −0·41) and attenuated to −1·01 mmHg (95 % CI −2·35, 0·34) after adjustment for urinary K. Insoluble fibre intake higher by 4·6 g/4184 kJ (4·6 g/1000 kcal) was associated with a 1·81 mmHg lower SBP (95 % CI −3·65, 0·04), additionally adjusted for soluble fibre and urinary K excretion, whereas soluble fibre was not associated with BP. Raw fruit was the main source of total and insoluble fibre, followed by whole grains and vegetables. In conclusion, higher intakes of fibre, especially insoluble, may contribute to lower BP, independent of nutrients associated with higher intakes of fibre-rich foods.
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Chia seeds' high insoluble fiber content lowers blood pressure more effectively than soluble fiber.
“Previous studies have highlighted the beneficial components of chia seeds for cardiovascular health, including their high insoluble fiber content, which more effectively lowers BP than soluble fiber [29, 38–41].”
From Effects of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation on cardiometabolic health in overweight subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
The Abstract and Discussion report an association between higher insoluble-fibre intake and lower blood pressure, but no association for soluble fibre. The study did not test chia seeds, and its Discussion says the cross-sectional design cannot establish that insoluble fibre causes a greater reduction in blood pressure. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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- Authors
- Aljuraiban, G. S., Griep, L. M. O., Chan, Q., Daviglus, M. L., Stamler, J., Van Horn, L., Elliott, P., & Frost, G. S.
- Affiliations
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health (GB)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Frost, Gary S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-09-02
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1480-1486
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- PMC
- PMC6697097
- OpenAlex
- W1931362208
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 8.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2015-09-21)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0611-10136, NF-SI-0508-10112, NF-SI-0513-10029)
- Imperial College London
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health
- National Institutes of Health (R01-HL65461)
- Medical Research Council (MR/L01341X/1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL050490, R01HL065461, R01-HL84228, R01-HL65461, R01HL50490, R01HL084228)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, potassium excretion, raw fruits, whole grains, vegetables, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Energy Intake, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Fiber, Female, Fruit, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Mental Recall, Vegetables, Nutrition Assessment, Micronutrients
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