Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 435

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The predictive utility of expressed emotion in schizophrenia: an aggregate analysis

Bebbington, Paul, Kuipers, Liz·1994·Psychological Medicine

Abstract

Synopsis: We analysed aggregate data from 25 studies linking Expressed Emotion (EE) and schizophrenia. We had access to original data sets from 17 studies, and used published data from the remainder. This provided us with 1346 cases from around the world. The association of EE with relapse was overwhelming, and was maintained whatever the geographical location. The predictive capacity of EE was virtually identical in men and women. While high contact with a high EE relative increased the risk of relapse, the opposite was true in low EE households. Medication and EE were independently related to relapse, and thus EE status has no bearing on the decision to prescribe. Our findings were confirmed using log–linear analysis.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1017/s0033291700027860

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 38 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Gutiérrez, 1988, Expresión de emociones y curso de la esquizofrenia. II. Expresión de emociones y curso de la esquizofrenia en pacientes en remisión, Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 14, 275
  2. Norušis, 1990, SPSS-PC Advanced Statistics Guide
  3. Brown, 1985, Expressed Emotion in Families, 7
  4. Cazzullo, 1988, Emotività expressa e schizofrenia: studio prospettico di replicazione, Notizie ARS, 16

Cited by

See all 435

Metadata

Authors
Bebbington, P., & Kuipers, L.
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Published
1994-08
Volume
24
Issue
3
Pages
707-718
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
OpenAlex
W2144379464
Cited by
435
References
38
FWCI
13.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The predictive utility of expressed emotion in schizophrenia: an aggregate analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0033291700027860
The paper
Bebbington, P., & Kuipers, L. (1994). The predictive utility of expressed emotion in schizophrenia: an aggregate analysis. Psychological Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700027860

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.