Dimensions of depression, mania and psychosis in the general population
Abstract
Background. In order to investigate whether correlated but separable symptom dimensions that have been identified in clinical samples also have a distribution in the general population, the underlying structure of symptoms of depression, mania and psychosis was studied in a general population sample of 7072 individuals. Method. Data were obtained from the three measurements of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Symptoms of depression, mania and the positive symptoms of psychosis were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Confirmatory factor-analysis was used to test statistically the fit of hypothesized models of one, two, three or seven dimensions. Results. The seven-dimensional model comprising core depression, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, mania, paranoid delusions, first-rank delusions and hallucinations fitted the data best, whereas the unidimensional model obtained the poorest fit. This pattern of results could be replicated at both follow-up measurements. The results were similar for the subsamples with and without a lifetime DSM-III-R diagnosis. The seven dimensions were moderately to strongly correlated, with correlations ranging from 0·18 to 0·73 (mean 0·45). Conclusions. In the general population, seven correlated but separable dimensions of experiences exist that resemble dimensions of psychopathology seen in clinical samples with severe mental illness. The substantial correlations between these dimensions in clinical and non-clinical samples may suggest that there is aetiological overlap between the different dimensions regardless of level of severity and diagnosable disorder.
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Self-citation
- Authors
- KRABBENDAM, L., MYIN-GERMEYS, I., DE GRAAF, R., VOLLEBERGH, W., NOLEN, W. A., IEDEMA, J., & VAN OS, J.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- ORCID
- VOLLEBERGH, W.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1177-1186
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2133764038
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 12.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- depression, mania, psychosis, symptom dimensions, general population, psychopathology, sleep disorders, suicidal ideation, persecutory delusions, hallucinations, Nemesis, Composite International Diagnostic Interview
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Psychopathology, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Sick Role, Statistics as Topic, Incidence
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