Self-Help Interventions for Psychosis: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Self-help has been shown to be an effective intervention for a wide range of mental health problems. However, there is less evidence on the efficacy of self-help for psychosis and, to date, there has been no systematic review. A search of bibliographic databases identified 24 relevant studies with a total sample size of N=1816. Ten studies adopted a repeated measures design and 14 an independent group design (including RCTs and quasi-experimental studies). Self-help interventions had, on average, a small-to-medium-sized effect on overall symptoms (d+=0.33, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.48). Sub-analyses revealed that self-help interventions had a small-to-medium-sized effect on positive symptoms (d+=0.42, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.72), a small-to-medium-sized effect on negative symptoms (d+=0.37, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.66), and a small-sized effect on outcomes associated with the symptoms of psychosis such as quality of life (d+=0.13, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.24). Moderation analysis identified a number of factors that influenced treatment effects including the complexity of the intervention and amount of contact time. Self-help interventions for psychosis have a lot of potential and recommendations for further research are discussed.
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- Authors
- Scott, A. J., Webb, T. L., & Rowse, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Scott, Alexander J.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 39
- Pages
- 96-112
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W266051228
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Keywords
- self-help intervention, psychosis, schizophrenia, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, quality of life, intervention complexity, contact time, treatment efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Psychotic Disorders, Quality of Life, Self Care, Health Behavior
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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