The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lifetime risk and persistence of psychiatric disorders across ethnic groups in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Background. Recent research in the United States has demonstrated striking health disparities across ethnic groups. Despite a longstanding interest in ethnic disadvantage in psychiatric epidemiology, patterns of psychiatric morbidity across ethnic groups have never been examined in a nationally representative sample. Method. Ethnic differences in psychiatric morbidity are analyzed using data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). The three largest ethnic groups in the United States – Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Blacks and Non-Hispanic Whites – were compared with respect to lifetime risk and persistence of three categories of psychiatric disorder: mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder. Results. Where differences across ethnic groups were found in lifetime risk, socially disadvantaged groups had lower risk. Relative to Non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics had lower lifetime risk of substance use disorder and Non-Hispanic Blacks had lower lifetime risk of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. Where differences were found in persistence of disorders, disadvantaged groups had higher risk. Hispanics with mood disorders were more likely to be persistently ill as were Non-Hispanic Blacks with respect to both mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Closer examination found these differences to be generally consistent across population subgroups. Conclusions. Members of disadvantaged ethnic groups in the United States do not have an increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Members of these groups, however, do tend to have more persistent disorders. Future research should focus on explanations for these findings, including the possibility that these comparisons are biased, and on potential means of reducing the disparity in persistence of disorders across ethnic groups.
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“This disproportionate exposure to race-related stressors may partly explain the higher prevalence and persistence rates of mood and anxiety disorders among Black, Asian, and Latinx groups compared with non-Latinx White groups [12,13].”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
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“This more general point is partially supported by research on depressive episodes indicating that recovery can be impeded by events that exacerbate stressful life conditions or promoted by events that reverse or resolve those conditions (Kessler, 1997).”
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Salk, R. H., Hyde, J. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000102 · Cited by 2,622
“The limited research on ethnicity, gender, and depression in the United States does not indicate variation by ethnicity in the gender difference in depression (Barnes, Keyes, & Bates, 2013; Breslau et al., 2005; Oquendo et al., 2001; Siegel, Aneshensel, Taub, Cantwell, & Driscoll, 1998).”
Socioeconomic Disparities in Health in the United States: What the Patterns Tell Us
Braveman, P. A., Cubbin, C., Egerter, S., Williams, D. R., & Pamuk, E. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.166082 · Cited by 1,548
Posttraumatic stress disorder in the world mental health surveys
Koenen, K. C., Ratanatharathorn, A., Ng, L., McLaughlin, K. A., Bromet, E. J., Stein, D. J., Karam, E. G., Meron Ruscio, A., Benjet, C., Scott, K., et al. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000708 · Cited by 1,453
“For example, in the USA racial/ethnic minority status is associated with decreased risk of developing a substance-related disorder, but increased risk of the disorder is becoming chronic (Breslau et al. 2005).”
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“The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) found that although blacks had a lower lifetime risk of mood disorder than whites, once diagnosed they were more likely to be persistently ill.(11) Ethnicity is a neglected dimension of the heterogeneity of the black population.”
BackgroundWilliams, D. R. (2018) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146518814251 · Cited by 1,014
“However, when blacks and Latinos experience mental illness, their episodes tend to be more severe, persist for longer periods of time, and are more debilitating than for any other race or ethnic group (Breslau et al. 2005).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- BRESLAU, J., KENDLER, K. S., SU, M., GAXIOLA-AGUILAR, S., & KESSLER, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2004-09-29
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 317-327
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC2748985
- OpenAlex
- W2119176293
- Cited by
- 642
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 22.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (5 KO1 MH66057-02, K01MH066057)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- ethnic disparities, psychiatric morbidity, lifetime risk, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, social deprivation, National Comorbidity Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Ethnicity, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Risk Factors, Social Class, United States
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