The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Not fade away: the HPA axis and depression
Open accessAbstract
Salivary cortisol sampling has confirmed the presence of increased cortisol secretion in depression and has also revealed that some aspects of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disturbance have trait-like characteristics that may predict the risk of future illness. Persistent hypersecretion of cortisol in individuals vulnerable to depression also has implications for the medical co-morbidities associated with mood disorder. Pharmacological treatments targeted at the HPA axis represent a novel approach to the management of depression and its complications; however, a better understanding of the molecular basis of HPA axis dysfunction in depressed patients will be needed before this promise can be fulfilled.
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“Because the CAR prospectively predicts first onsets, these data suggest that an elevated CAR should not be construed solely as a ‘scar’ of depression (Cowen, 2010), i.e. a marker that is only present following an MDE, which may be indicative of damage caused by the episode.”
From The cortisol awakening response predicts major depression: predictive stability over a 4-year follow-up and effect of depression history (2013) · cites this paper as Cowen, 2010
Citations
Cites
The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments
Pariante, C. M., & Lightman, S. L. (2008) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.06.006 · Cited by 2,009
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Genetic factors, perceived chronic stress, and the free cortisol response to awakening
Wüst, S., Federenko, I. S., Hellhammer, D. H., & Kirschbaum, C. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00021-4 · Cited by 642
Association of depression with medical illness: Does cortisol play a role?
Brown, E. S., Varghese, F. P., & McEwen, B. S. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00473-6 · Cited by 578 · cited 1×
“For example, patients with Cushing’s disease frequently experience obesity, hypertension and diabetes (see Brown et al .”
Goodyer, I. M., Herbert, J., Tamplin, A., & Altham, P. M. E. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.177.6.499 · Cited by 436 · cited 1×
“Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that elevated salivary cortisol secretion is predictive of future depressive episodes in both young people and adults (Goodyer et al. 2000 ; Harris et al. 2000).”
Do Corticosteroids Damage the Brain?
Herbert, J., Goodyer, I. M., Grossman, A. B., Hastings, M. H., de Kloet, E. R., Lightman, S. L., LUPIEN, S. J., Roozendaal, B., & Seckl, J. R. (2006) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01429.x · Cited by 398
Exposure to postnatal depression predicts elevated cortisol in adolescent offspring
Halligan, S. L., Herbert, J., Goodyer, I. M., & Murray, L. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.09.013 · Cited by 362
DST Studies in Psychotic Depression: A Meta-Analysis
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The DST as a predictor of outcome in depression: a meta-analysis
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Increased salivary cortisol after waking in depression
Bhagwagar, Z., Hafizi, S., & Cowen, P. J. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0062-z · Cited by 281
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Mitchell, A. J., Chan, M., Bhatti, H., Halton, M., Grassi, L., Johansen, C., & Meader, N. (2011) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70002-x · Cited by 2,449
Glucocorticoids, cytokines and brain abnormalities in depression
Zunszain, P. A., Anacker, C., Cattaneo, A., Carvalho, L. A., & Pariante, C. M. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.04.011 · Cited by 554
Barlow, D. H., Ellard, K. K., Sauer-Zavala, S., Bullis, J. R., & Carl, J. R. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614544528 · Cited by 491
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for personality
de Moor, M. H. M., Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., Krueger, R. F., de Geus, E. J. C., Toshiko, T., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Esko, T., Madden, P. A. F., Derringer, J. L., et al. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2010.128 · Cited by 389
Sandman, C. A., Davis, E. P., Buß, C., & Glynn, L. M. (2011) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000327017 · Cited by 310
Metadata
- Authors
- Cowen, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cowen, P. J.
- ORCID
- Cowen, P. J.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-04-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-4
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2124814518
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 6.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, depression, salivary cortisol, cortisol hypersecretion, depression risk prediction, comorbidities, mood disorders, HPA axis dysregulation
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Antidepressive Agents, Circadian Rhythm, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Dexamethasone, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Prognosis, Saliva, Comorbidity
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