Cited by 1,908Personality Disorders and PsychopathologyPersonality Traits and PsychologyMental Health Research Topics

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Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5

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Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., Skodol, A. E.·2012·Psychological Medicine

DOI 10.1017/s0033291711002674PMC PMC3413381

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: DSM-IV-TR suggests that clinicians should assess clinically relevant personality traits that do not necessarily constitute a formal personality disorder (PD), and should note these traits on Axis II, but DSM-IV-TR does not provide a trait model to guide the clinician. Our goal was to provide a provisional trait model and a preliminary corresponding assessment instrument, in our roles as members of the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Workgroup and workgroup advisors. METHOD: An initial list of specific traits and domains (broader groups of traits) was derived from DSM-5 literature reviews and workgroup deliberations, with a focus on capturing maladaptive personality characteristics deemed clinically salient, including those related to the criteria for DSM-IV-TR PDs. The model and instrument were then developed iteratively using data from community samples of treatment-seeking participants. The analytic approach relied on tools of modern psychometrics (e.g. item response theory models). RESULTS: A total of 25 reliably measured core elements of personality description emerged that, together, delineate five broad domains of maladaptive personality variation: negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a maladaptive personality trait model and corresponding instrument as a step on the path toward helping users of DSM-5 assess traits that may or may not constitute a formal PD. The inventory we developed is reprinted in its entirety in the Supplementary online material, with the goal of encouraging additional refinement and development by other investigators prior to the finalization of DSM-5. Continuing discussion should focus on various options for integrating personality traits into DSM-5.

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Authors: Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
University of Iowa (US)
University of Notre Dame (US)
University of Arizona (US)
Corresponding author: Krueger, R. F.
ORCID: Krueger, R. F.
Derringer, J.
Markon, K. E.
Watson, D.
Venue: Psychological Medicine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2011-12-08
Volume: 42
Issue: 9
Pages: 1879-1890
ISSN: 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
1469-8978
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711002674
PMC: PMC3413381
OpenAlex: W2113457236
Cited by: 1,908
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 117 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 173 · 2023: 160 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 198 · 2019: 170 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 120 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 103 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 54.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U01AA018111, AA018111)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31DA029377, DA029377)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: maladaptive personality traits, personality disorders, DSM-5, personality tests, negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism, item response theory
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Middle Aged, Personality, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5

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