Cited by 145Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major Depression

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Age of onset and course of major depressive disorder: associations with psychosocial functioning outcomes in adulthood

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Wilson, S., Hicks, B. M., Foster, K. T., McGue, M., Iacono, W. G.·2015·Psychological Medicine

DOI 10.1017/s0033291714001640PMC PMC4289461

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Abstract

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) that onsets by adolescence is associated with various deficits in psychosocial functioning. However, adolescent-onset MDD often follows a recurrent course that may drive its associated impairment. Method: To tease apart these two clinical features, we examined the relative associations of age of onset (adolescent versus adult) and course (recurrent versus single episodes) of MDD with a broad range of psychosocial functioning outcomes assessed in early adulthood. Participants comprised a large, population-based sample of male and female twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS;n = 1252) assessed prospectively from ages 17 to 29 years. Results: A recurrent course of MDD predicted impairment in several psychosocial domains in adulthood, regardless of whether the onset was in adolescence or adulthood. By contrast, adolescent-onset MDD showed less evidence of impairment in adulthood after accounting for recurrence. Individuals with both an adolescent onset and recurrent episodes of MDD represented a particularly severe group with pervasive psychosocial impairment in adulthood. Conclusions: The negative implications of adolescent-onset MDD for psychosocial functioning in adulthood seem to be due primarily to its frequently recurrent course, rather than its early onset,per se. The results highlight the importance of considering both age of onset and course for understanding MDD and its implications for functioning, and also in guiding targeted intervention efforts.

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Authors: Wilson, S., Hicks, B. M., Foster, K. T., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Wilson, S.
ORCID: Wilson, S.
Hicks, B. M.
Foster, K. T.
McGue, M.
Iacono, W. G.
Venue: Psychological Medicine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2014-07-10
Volume: 45
Issue: 3
Pages: 505-514
ISSN: 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
1469-8978
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714001640
PMC: PMC4289461
OpenAlex: W2143271226
Cited by: 145
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 4.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA009367, R01AA09367, R37AA009367)
National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH015755)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA05147, K01DA025868, R01DA005147, R37DA005147)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords: major depressive disorder, adolescent-onset depression, age of onset, recurrence, course of depression, psychosocial functioning, early adulthood, Minnesota Twin Family Study, twins, depression severity
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Minnesota, Peer Group, Psychological Tests, Recurrence, Twins, Age of Onset, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult

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Age of onset and course of major depressive disorder: associations with psychosocial functioning outcomes in adulthood

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