Personality and Psychopathology: A Stagnant Field in Need of Development
Open accessAbstract
A dominant paradigm in psychopathology research proposes that individual differences in personality are centrally involved in the origins and manifestations of psychopathology, and structural models of personality and psychopathology have been extremely useful in helping to organize associations among many traits and disorders. However, these models merely describe patterns of covariation; they do not explain the processes by which these patterns emerge. We argue that the field is stagnated, as it is overly focused on the demonstration of concurrent associations and on confirming a spectrum model that proposes traits and disorders are manifestations of the same underlying constructs. We contend that if the field is to move towards an understanding of causal processes, it must integrate knowledge and principles of personality development and developmental psychopathology. To begin this integration, we review (i) normative trends in personality change, (ii) age–related changes in the prevalence of disorders, and (iii) the impact of onset and chronicity on the severity of disorders. We propose several developmental processes that may contribute to the co–development of personality and psychopathology. We then present novel empirical findings to illustrate how a developmental perspective on traits and disorders can inform new hypotheses and propose principles and hypotheses that should guide future research. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology
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The major current limitation in self-esteem development research is the understanding of processes of change.
“The major current limitation in the research area of self-esteem development is our understanding of the processes of change.”
From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Durbin & Hicks, 2014
The Conclusions (page unavailable) say that research on personality and psychopathology has emphasized structure over processes, leaving mechanistic questions largely unanswered. The section on normative personality change mentions self-esteem trajectories, but the paper does not identify understanding change processes as the major limitation of self-esteem development research specifically. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis pathway is consistent with a complex trauma framework in which chronic interpersonal trauma alters the course of personality development, particularly when such trauma is experienced early in life.
“This pathway is consistent with a complex trauma framework in which chronic interpersonal trauma alters the course of personality development, particularly when such trauma is experienced early in life (Durbin & Hicks, 2014).”
From Childhood Physical Abuse and Antisocial Traits: Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Clusters (2022) · cites this paper as Durbin & Hicks, 2014
The ‘Processes Contributing to Trait-Disorder Co-development’ section says stressful events can act as developmental pressures and that unsuccessful adaptation may lead to deterioration in personality functioning. It does not discuss a complex trauma framework or establish that chronic interpersonal trauma, particularly early in life, alters personality development. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Long-Term Effects of Social Investment: The Case of Partnering in Young Adulthood
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A Family Study of Major Depressive Disorder in a Community Sample of Adolescents
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Self-citationPsychology of addictive behaviors.
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The Classification of Alcoholics: Typology Theories From the 19th Century to the Present.
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Self-citationPersonality and depression : a current view
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Self-citationInitiation and Course of Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents and Young Adults
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De‐investment in work and non‐normative personality trait change in young adulthood
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Major depression, chronic minor depression, and the five‐factor model of personality
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Patterns of axis I comorbidity in early-onset versus late-onset major depressive disorder
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Does recurrent depression lead to a change in neuroticism?
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Personality Development across the Life Span
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Juvenile- versus adult-onset depression: multiple differences imply different pathways
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Transactional models between personality and alcohol involvement: A further examination.
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Family Transmission and Heritability of Externalizing Disorders: A Twin-Family Study
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Self-citation(1902) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)54423-2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Alcoholism: A Life Span Perspective on Etiology and Course
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Self-citationThe Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Hicks BM Iacono WG McGue M Childhood personality traits predict substance use disorders in adolescence and young adulthood: Comparing Big Three traits, socialization, and boldness Under review
- Hicks BM Zucker RA Lewis M Rudolph K (in press) Alcoholism: A lifespan perspective on etiology and course Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology 3 New York Springer
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A systematic review of personality trait change through intervention.
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Processes of Personality Development in Adulthood: The TESSERA Framework
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Interpersonal Dynamics in Personality and Personality Disorders
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Sibling Constructs: What Are They, Why Do They Matter, and How Should You Handle Them?
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The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
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The Co-occurrence of Pediatric Chronic Pain and Depression
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A theoretical framework for the associations between identity and psychopathology.
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HowNutsAreTheDutch (HoeGekIsNL): A crowdsourcing study of mental symptoms and strengths
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RDoC: Translating promise into progress
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Temperament and brain networks of attention
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Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework
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“Contemporary research is constrained by the lack of an overarching fine-grained process theory, which is needed to move the field forward and to be able to develop more effective interventions (Durbin & Hicks, 2014; Orth & Robins, 2014).”
BackgroundAlcohol use and personality trait change: pooled analysis of six cohort studies
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The role of effortful control in the development of ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms.
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Impulsivity facets and substance use initiation: A comparison of two models of impulsivity
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Struijs, S. Y., Lamers, F., Verdam, M. G. E., van Ballegooijen, W., Spinhoven, P., van der Does, W. A. J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.090 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Still Doing Fine? the Interplay of Negative Life Events and Self–Esteem during Young Adulthood
Tetzner, J., Becker, M., & Baumert, J. (2016) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2066 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Waszczuk, M. A., Hopwood, C. J., Luft, B. J., Morey, L. C., Perlman, G., Ruggero, C. J., Skodol, A. E., & Kotov, R. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026211056596 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ben‐Eliyahu, A., & Zeidner, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.041 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A developmental perspective on personality and psychopathology across the life span
Wilson, S., & Olino, T. M. (2021) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12623 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bornovalova, M. A., Verhulst, B., Webber, T., McGue, M. K., Iacono, W. G., & Hicks, B. M. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417000463 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationLawson, K. M., Kellerman, J. K., Kleiman, E. M., Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., & Robins, R. W. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000382 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
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Open Peer Commentary and Authors’ Response
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Reisenzein, R., Hildebrandt, A., & Weber, H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology across development: Associations with personality
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Pathological Personality Traits and Intimacy Processes within Roommate Relationships
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- Authors
- Durbin, C. E., & Hicks, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Durbin, C. Emily
- Hicks, Brian M.
- Venue
- European Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 362-386
- ISSN
- 0890-2070 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0984
- PMC
- PMC4276423
- OpenAlex
- W1880651181
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 14.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01da024417-02)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA009367, R37AA009367)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01-DA024417, R01DA024417, K01DA025868, R01DA036216, R37DA005147, R01DA034606)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- personality and psychopathology, developmental psychopathology, personality development, spectrum model, chronicity, disorder severity, causal processes
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