Cognitive–behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia: a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing, China
Open accessAbstract
Background: Meta-analyses support the efficacy of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for schizophrenia in western cultures. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of CBT and supportive therapy (ST) for patients with schizophrenia in China. Method: A multicentre randomized controlled, single-blinded, parallel-group trial enrolled a sample of 192 patients with schizophrenia. All patients were offered 15 sessions of either CBT or ST over 24 weeks and followed up for an additional 60 weeks. All measures used were standardized instruments with good reliability and validity. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptoms of schizophrenia. The Schedule for Assessing Insight (SAI) was used to assess patients’ insight and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) was used to assess their social functioning. Results: Effect-size analysis showed that patients made rapid improvements in all symptoms, insight and social functioning as measured by the PANSS, SAI and PSP at 12 and 24 weeks and maintained these improvements over the course of the study to 84 weeks. Patients in the CBT group showed significantly greater and more durable improvement in PANSS total score (p = 0.045, between-group d = 0.48), positive symptoms (p = 0.018, between-group d = 0.42) and social functioning (p = 0.037, between-group d = 0.64), with significant differences emerging after completion of therapy. Conclusions: Both CBT and ST combined with medication had benefits on psychopathology, insight and social functioning of patients with schizophrenia. CBT was significantly more effective than ST on overall, positive symptoms and social functioning of patients with schizophrenia in the long term.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis is linked with improvements in insight relative to treatment as usual in two separate trials.
“Cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CBT-p) has been linked with improvements relative to treatment as usual in two separate trials 160,161 .”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [161]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378 · see citing works
Morosini, P. L., Magliano, L., Brambilla, L., Ugolini, S., & Pioli, R. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 1,168 · see citing works
David, A. S. (1990) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.156.6.798 · Cited by 1,164 · see citing works
Morosini, P. L., Magliano, L., Brambilla, L., Ugolini, S., & Pioli, R. (2000) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.101004323.x · Cited by 1,097 · see citing works
Wykes, T., Steel, C., Everitt, B., & Tarrier, N. (2007) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm114 · Cited by 1,029 · see citing works
Sensky, T., Turkington, D., Kingdon, D., Scott, J. L., Scott, J., Siddle, R., O'Carroll, M., & Barnes, T. R. E. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.2.165 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT): Updated Treatment Recommendations 2009
Kreyenbuhl, J., Buchanan, R. W., Dickerson, F. B., & Dixon, L. B. (2010) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp130 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Tarrier, N., Yusupoff, L., Kinney, C., McCarthy, E., Gledhill, A., Haddock, G., & Morris, J. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7154.303 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of homework effects in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A replication and extension.
Kazantzis, N., Whittington, C., & Dattilio, F. (2010) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01204.x · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Psychological interventions for psychosis: A meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies
Turner, D. T., van der Gaag, M., Karyotaki, E., & Cuijpers, P. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13081159 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Grant, P. M. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.129 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Defining and Assessing Adherence to Oral Antipsychotics: A Review of the Literature
Velligan, D. I., Lam, Y.-W. F., Glahn, D. C., Barrett, J. A., Maples, N. J., Ereshefsky, L., & Miller, A. L. (2005) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj075 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Social functioning as an outcome measure in schizophrenia studies
Burns, T., & Patrick, D. M. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01108.x · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Cognitive–behavioural therapy in first-episode and early schizophrenia
Tarrier, N., Lewis, S. W., Haddock, G., Bentall, R. P., Drake, R., Kinderman, P., Kingdon, D., Siddle, R., Everitt, J., Leadley, K., et al. (2004) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.184.3.231 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Therapy for Schizophrenia
Kingdon, D., RATHOD, S., Weiden, P. J., & TURKINGTON, D. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000308495.77756.99 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationFreeman, D. H., Garety, P. A., Fowler, D., Kuipers, E., Dunn, G., Bebbington, P., & Hadley, C. (1998) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1998.tb01399.x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Kuipers, E. (2006) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl014 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Sim, K., Su, A., Fujii, S., Yang, S., Chong, M., Ungvari, G. S., Si, T., Chung, E. K., Tsang, H., Chan, Y. H., et al. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02102.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Penn, D. L., Mueser, K. T., Tarrier, N., Gloege, A., Cather, C., Serrano, D., & Otto, M. W. (2004) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007055 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Penn, D. L., Meyer-Kalos, P., Evans, E., Wirth, R. J., Cai, K., & Burchinal, M. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.12.009 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The Chinese version of the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP): Validity and reliability
Si, T., Shu, L., Su, Y., Chenghua, T., Yan, J., Cheng, J., Li, X., Qi, L., Ma, Y., Weihua, Z., et al. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.05.001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Efficacy of iloperidone in schizophrenia: A PANSS five-factor analysis
Citrome, L., Meng, X., & Hochfeld, M. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.05.018 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Morrison, A. P., Hutton, P., Wardle, M., Spencer, H. M., Barratt, S., Brabban, A., Callcott, P., Christodoulides, T., Dudley, R. E. J., French, P., et al. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001899 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationAttributional style and symptoms as predictors of social function in schizophrenia
Lysaker, P. H., Lancaster, R. S., Nees, M. A., & Davis, L. W. (2004) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2004.02.0225 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Supportive therapy for schizophrenia
Buckley, L. A., Maayan, N., Soares‐Weiser, K., & Adams, C. E. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004716.pub4 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Reliability,Validity of PANSS and its Implication
Shu, L. (2004) · Zhongguo xinli weisheng zazhi · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Medication-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Review
Rathod, S., Kingdon, D., Weiden, P. J., & Turkington, D. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000308492.93003.db · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationIntroduction to Supportive Psychotherapy
Smith, O. L., Rose, J. R., & Ross, D. R. (2005) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200510000-00015 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Validity of the Spanish version of the Personal and Social Performance scale in schizophrenia
Apiquián, R., Ulloa, R. E., Herrera-Estrella, M., Moreno-Gómez, A., Erosa, S., Contreras, V., & Nicolini, H. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.028 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Brissos, S., Palhavã, F., Marques, J. G., Mexia, S., Carmo, A. L., Carvalho, M., Dias, C., Franco, J. D., Mendes, R., Zuzarte, P., et al. (2011) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-011-0412-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cognitive Therapy of Schizophrenia
Dickerson, F. (2005) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000188984.36913.e4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cognitive behavior therapy for people with schizophrenia.
Morrison, A. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Alphs, L. D., Bossie, Sliwa, Fu, A, M., & Hulihan (2013) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s36438 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A comparison of the PANSS Pentagonal and Van Der Gaag 5-factor models for assessing change over time
Jerrell, J. M., & Hrisko, S. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: An overview of treatment
Warman, D. M., & Beck, A. T. (2003) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(03)80037-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zuo, X., Liu, S., Yi, Z.-Y., Xie, Z., & Huan-de, L. (2006) · Current Therapeutic Research · doi:10.1016/j.curtheres.2006.08.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the schedule for assessment of insight
Xu, Z.-Y., Guo, Z., Fu, Z., & Wang, N. (2013) · Zhonghua xingwei yixue yu naokexue zazhi · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-6554.2013.08.024 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation蒋菊芳, 魏金英, 卞美娟, 许玉芳, & 顾剑英 (2008) · Zhonghua xiandai huli zazhi · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-2907.2008.06.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Drury, V., Birchwood, M., and Cochrane, R. (2000), 'Cognitive therapy and recovery from acute psychosis: a controlled trial. 3. Five-year follow-up', Br J Psychiatry, 177 (1), 8-14.
- Kay, S. R., Opler, L. A., and Lindenmayer, J. P. (1988), 'Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenics', Psychiatry Res, 23 (1), 99-110.
- ---(2008), 'Cognitive Therapy of Schizophrenia (Guides to Individualized Evidence-Based Treatment)', (New York: Guilford Press).
- Kumari, V., Fannon, D., Peters, E.R., et al. (2011), 'Neural changes following cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: a longitudinal study', Brain, 134 (8), 2396-407.
- Lysaker, P.H., Glynn, S.M., Wilkniss, S.M., and Silverstein, S.M. (2010), 'Psychotherapy and recovery from schizophrenia: A review of potential applications and need for future study', Psychol Serv, 7 (2), 75-91.
- Rector, N.A. and Beck, A.T. (2012), 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Schizophrenia: An Empirical Review', J Nerv Ment Dis, 200 (10), 832-39.
- Tianmei, Si, Liang, Shu, Yun'ai, Su, et al. (2011), 'The Chinese version of the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP): validity and reliability', Psychiatry Res, 185 (1-2), 275-79.
- van der Gaag, Mark, Hoffman, Tonko, Remijsen, Mila, et al. (2006), 'The five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale II: a ten-fold cross-validation of a revised model', Schizophrenia research, 85 (1), 280-87.
- Wang, Y., Xiang, Y. T., Wang, C. Y., et al. (2011), 'Insight in Chinese schizophrenia patients: a 12- month follow-up', J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 18 (9), 751-57.
- Zimmermann, G, Favrod, J, Trieu, VH, and Pomini, V (2005), 'The effect of cognitive behavioral treatment on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis', Schizophrenia research, 77 (1), 1-9. 57.03, 13.08 (54.23-59.83) 1.22 51.32, 13.25 (48.44-54.20) 48.79, 12.52* (46.04-51.54) 48.99, 12.84** (46.19-51.79) 46.71, 13.12** (43.85-49.57) 25.86, 17.26, 36.01% ST 72.19, 11.02 (69.96-74.42) 58.39, 11.92 (55.82-60.96) 1.20 52.23, 12.65 (49.45-55.01) 52.88, 13.64 (49.86-55.90) 54.71, 14.3 (51.57-57.85) 52.91, 14.45 (49.73-56.09) 19.04, 14.89, 26.71% PANSS_positive CBT 23.89, 5.76 (22.72-25.06) 17.13, 5.52 (15.95-18.31) 1.19 15.23, 5.78 (13.98-16.48) 14.17, 5.76 (12.90-15.44) 13.55, 5.41 (12.37-14.73) 13.18, 5.35 (12.03-14.33) 10.51, 7.79, 44.83% ST 22.96, 5.01 (21.94-23.98) 17.34, 4.82 (16.30-18.38) 1.14 15.04, 5.12 (13.92-16.16) 15.37, 5.32 (14.19-16.55) 15.67, 5.02 (14.57-16.77) 15.34, 5.67 (14.09-16.59) 7.44, 7.17, 33.19% PANSS_negative CBT 19.99, 5.96 (18.78-21.20) 16.66, 5.44
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rathod, S., Gega, L., Degnan, A., Pikard, J., Khan, T., Husain, N., Munshi, T., & Naeem, F. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s138430 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Lysaker, P. H., Pattison, M. L., Leonhardt, B. L., Phelps, S., & Vohs, J. L. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20508 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Bighelli, I., Salanti, G., Huhn, M., Schneider‐Thoma, J., Krause, M., Reitmeir, C., Wallis, S., Schwermann, F., Pitschel‐Walz, G., Barbui, C., et al. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20577 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Lutgens, D., Gariepy, G., & Malla, A. (2017) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.197103 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
A systematic review and meta-analysis of low intensity CBT for psychosis
Hazell, C. M., Hayward, M., Cavanagh, K., & Strauss, C. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.004 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Jones, C. A., Hacker, D., Meaden, A., Cormac, I., Irving, C. B., Xia, J., Zhao, S., Shi, C., & Chen, J. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008712.pub3 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese people: A meta-analysis
Ng, T. K., & Wong, D. F. K. (2018) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417741555 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Li, J., Huang, Y., Ran, M., Fan, Y., Chen, W., Evans-Lacko, S. E., & Thornicroft, G. (2018) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Global mental health and schizophrenia
Asher, L., Fekadu, A., & Hanlon, C. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000404 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Szymczyńska, P., Walsh, S., Greenberg, L., & Priebe, S. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.009 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Turner, D. T., Reijnders, M., van der Gaag, M., Karyotaki, E., Valmaggia, L., Moritz, S., Lecomte, T., Turkington, D., Penadés, R., Elkis, H., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00402 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationEdge, D., Degnan, A., Cotterill, S., Berry, K., Baker, J. A., Drake, R., & Abel, K. M. (2018) · Health Services and Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/hsdr06320 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Li, W., Zhang, L., Luo, X., Liu, B., Liu, Z., Lin, F., Liu, Z., Xie, Y., Hudson, M., Rathod, S., et al. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1290-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationJi, E., Weickert, C. S., Lenroot, R., Kindler, J., Skilleter, A. J., Vercammen, A., White, C., Gur, R. E., & Weickert, T. W. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.59 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Bighelli, I., Wallis, S., Reitmeir, C., Schwermann, F., Salahuddin, N. H., & Leucht, S. (2022) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01526-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lysaker, P. H., Weiden, P. J., Sun, X., O’Sullivan, A. K., & McEvoy, J. P. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04190-w · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Freeman, D. H., Waite, F., Emsley, R., Kingdon, D., Davies, L. M., Fitzpatrick, R. M., & Dunn, G. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1245-0 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychotherapy Services in China: Current Provisions and Future Development
Ng, R., Lee, C. K., Liu, J., Luo, J., Zu, S., Mi, S., & Li, Z. (2016) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-016-9345-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, Z.-H., Li, Z.-J., Ma, Y., Sun, J., Guo, J.-H., Li, W.-X., Wang, Z.-Q., Xu, H.-L., Ng, R. M. K., Turkington, D., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.183285 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationRetractedHowells, F. M., Kingdon, D., & Baldwin, D. S. (2017) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2628 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationRadstaak, M., Hüning, L., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22500 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cognitive therapy of psychosis: Research and implementation
Kingdon, D., & Turkington, D. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.023 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationJameel, S., Munivenkatappa, M., Arumugham, S. S., & Thennarasu, K. (2022) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x22000137 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The application of cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with schizophrenia: A review
Xu, F., & Zhang, H. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000034827 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Blay, M., Adam, O., Bation, R., Galvão, F., Brunelin, J., & Mondino, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11010040 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Meng, F., Han, H., Luo, J., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Tang, Y., Hou, X., Wei, J., Shi, L., Tang, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.090 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationImplementation of psychiatric‐focused lifestyle medicine programs in A sia
Sarris, J. J., Nishi, D., Xiang, Y., Su, K., Bannatyne, A. J., Oliver, G., Kua, E. H., & Ng, C. H. (2015) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.12212 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioral therapy around the globe
Kuo, C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814932-4.00005-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cultural Considerations for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders II: Assessment and Treatment
Paul, N., Maietta, J., & Allen, D. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32229-8_27 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wong, J. P.-S., Ting, K. T., & Wong, A. W. S. (2019) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2019.1634012 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Guo, Z., Ma, Y., Song, H., Li, X., Tan, L., Li, Z., & Sun, J. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2020.011438 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationVarese, F., Sudell, M., Morrison, A. P., Longden, E., & Smith, C. T. (2024) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/ncfr5074 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Niv, N., Issa, F., Goldberg, R., Khandekar, P., McGraw, K., Reston, J. T., Ford, S. C., Katz, I. R., & Resnick, S. G. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaf035 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, Z., Yang, X., Luo, J., Liu, J., Ma, Y., Guo, Z., & Yang, X. (2016) · Asia Pacific Clinical and Translational Nervous System Diseases · doi:10.4103/2468-5577.187077 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Behavioural Therapy and Its Role in the Outcome and Recovery from Schizophrenia
Lodha, P., & Sousa, A. D. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19847-3_26 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Turner, D. T., Reijnders, M., van der Gaag, M., Karyotaki, E., Valmaggia, L., Moritz, S., Lecomte, T., Turkington, D., Penadés, R., Elkis, H., et al. (2025) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.25023026 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Behavioural Therapy for Schizophrenia
Lee, A., & Choo, C. C. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7631-3_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Schizophrenia in China: A Systematic Reveiw
Cui, H., Xu, J., & Zhou, H. (2022) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.220504.382 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sutjiono, B., Ahmad, S. F., & Jaya, E. S. (2022) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2022.11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Unfurling the Potential of the Counselor
Sriram, S., & Bhargava, S. (2022) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26248-8_30-1
Unfurling the Potential of the Counselor
Sriram, S., & Bhargava, S. (2022) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26248-8_30-2
Bai, T., Ling, L., Sono, T., Hisanaga, F., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2013004/v1
Unfurling the Potential of the Counselor
Sriram, S., & Bhargava, S. (2022) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28745-0_30
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Efficacy in Schizophrenia: A Literature Review
Sajidah, S. N., & Maramis, M. M. (2023) · International Journal of Research Publications · doi:10.47119/ijrp1001221420234579
Cultural Adaptations of Mental Health Care
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34078-9_4
Zamani, A. 1. H., Panahali, A. 2. A., Bakhshipour, A. 3. A., & Malek, A. 4. A. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4811956/v1
Bighelli, I., Salanti, G., Huhn, M., Schneider‐Thoma, J., Krause, M., Reitmeir, C., Wallis, S., Schwermann, F., Pitschel‐Walz, G., Barbui, C., et al. (2025) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.25023024
Huang, R.-C., Wareesawetsuwan, N., Lin, N., & Li, X.-D. (2025) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i11.112431
Chao, H.-C., Lo, S., Beckstead, J. W., & Yang, C. (2025) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2025.10.004
- Authors
- Li, Z.-J., Guo, Z.-H., Wang, N., Xu, Z.-Y., Qu, Y., Wang, X.-Q., Sun, J., Yan, L.-Q., Ng, R. M. K., Turkington, D., & Kingdon, D.
- Affiliations
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Griffith University (AU)
- Kowloon Hospital (CN)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Z.-J.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2014-12-23
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1893-1905
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2097718574
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, schizophrenia, supportive therapy, treatment efficacy, insight, social functioning, positive symptoms, long-term outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Beijing, Adult, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Schizophrenia, Social Adjustment, Antipsychotic Agents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
