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Measuring core bereavement phenomena.
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As part of a longitudinal study of bereavement phenomena in three groups, bereaved spouses, bereaved adult children and bereaved parents, scale development was carried out using a pool of bereavement phenomenology questions administered prospectively. The items were derived from the literature, in particular studies dealing with the measurement of grief/bereavement, as well as from clinical experience. Factor analysis of theoretically grouped items produced seven subscales, three of which tapped frequently experienced phenomena in the bereaved. These three subscales formed the basis of a single measure, labelled the Core Bereavement Items (CBI), which demonstrated high reliability and sound face and discriminant validity. Preliminary analysis suggested that the CBI will prove to be a reliable and valid instrument with respect to the measure of core bereavement phenomena in commonly bereaved groups in Western society.
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“Parents who suffer from such a loss face an increased risk of developing poor psychological outcomes, including grief, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances (Burnett et al., 1997; Fernández‐Basanta et al., 2020; Fernández-Férez et al., 2021)”
From Nurses' and midwives' experiences of supporting parents following perinatal bereavement: A qualitative systematic review (2026) · cites this paper as Burnett et al., 1997
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although these assessment instruments all exhibited acceptable psychometric properties (Burnett et al., 1997; Byrne and Raphael, 1994; Prigerson et al., 2009, 1995b; Prigerson and Jacobs, 2001; Shear et al., 2006), possible differences between the scales in how the construct is measured could pose a challenge for comparison.”
From Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Burnett et al., 1997
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Data was collected using the Prolonged Grief Disorder scale, PG-13 (Prigerson et al., 2009) (n = 6), the Inventory of Complicated Grief and the Inventory of Complicated Grief-Revised, (ICG/ICG-R) (Prigerson et al., 1995; Prigerson and Jacobs, 2001) (n = 7), the Inventory of Traumatic Grief (ITG) (HG. Prigerson et al., 1999) (n = 2), and the Core Bereavement Items (CBI) (n = 2) (Burnett et al., 199”
From The assessment of grief in refugees and post-conflict survivors: a narrative review of etic and emic research (2018) · cites this paper as Burnett et al., 1997
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Metadata
- Authors
- BURNETT, P., MIDDLETON, W., RAPHAEL, B., & MARTINEK, N.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- ORCID
- MIDDLETON, W.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-57
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W1571804994
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Division of Research and Commercialisation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- bereavement, grief, scale development, bereaved spouses, bereaved parents, psychometric validation, factor analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bereavement, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parents, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Time Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Discriminant Analysis, Spouses
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