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Calibration of the radiocarbon time scale for the Southern Hemisphere: AD 1850-950
Abstract
We have conducted a series of radiocarbon measurements on decadal samples of dendrochronologically dated wood from both hemispheres, spanning 1000 years (McCormac et al. 1998; Hogg et al. this issue). Using the data presented in Hogg et al., we show that during the period AD 950–1850 the 14 C offset between the hemispheres is not constant, but varies periodically (∼130 yr periodicity) with amplitudes varying between 1 and 10% (i.e. 8–80 yr), with a consequent effect on the 14 C calibration of material from the Southern Hemisphere. A large increase in the offset occurs between AD 1245 and 1355. In this paper, we present a Southern Hemisphere high-precision calibration data set (SHCal02) that comprises measurements from New Zealand, Chile, and South Africa. This data, and a new value of 41 ± 14 yr for correction of the IntCal98 data for the period outside the range given here, is proposed for use in calibrating Southern Hemisphere 14 C dates.
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The hemispheric offset exists because the greater extent of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere leads to greater exchange of CO2 between ocean and atmosphere, and the offset varies over time rather than staying constant.
“This difference exists because the greater extent of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere leads to a greater exchange of CO 2 between ocean and atmosphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere.This produces an offset between calibrated ages, which varies over time rather than staying constant (McCormac et al. 2002).”
From Reconceiving the chronology of inca imperial expansion (2012) · cites this paper as McCormac et al. 2002
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Cites
Anthropogenic and solar components of hemispheric 14C
Stuiver, M., & Braziunas, T. F. (1998) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/97gl03694 · Cited by 110
Self-citationBraziunas, T. F., Fung, I. Y., & Stuiver, M. (1995) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/95gb01725 · Cited by 69
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Research works printed but not linked: 12
- 10.1017/S0033822200030873 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1017/S0033822200013825 · DOI
- 10.1007/BF01092980 · DOI
- Hogg AG , McCormac FG , Higham TFG , Reimer PG , Baillie MGL , Palmer JG . 2002. High-precision 14C measurements of contemporaneous tree-ring dated wood from the British Isles and New Zealand: AD 1850–950. Radiocarbon. This issue. · DOI
- 10.1016/0167-2789(92)90103-T · DOI
- 10.1017/S0033822200030599 · DOI
- Mitchell, 1966, World Meteorological Organization, Technical Note, 79, 79
- Stuiver, 1986, High-precision calibration of the Radiocarbon time scale, AD 1950–500 BC, Radiocarbon, 28
- 10.1017/S0033822200019184 · DOI
- Lerman, 1970, Radiocarbon variations and absolute chronology: proceedings of the Twelfth Nobel Symposium held at the Institute of Physics at Uppsala University., 652
- 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1987.tb00273.x · DOI
- 10.1017/S0033822200019123 · DOI · Paper page
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SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0–55,000 years cal BP
Hogg, A. G., Heaton, T. J., Hua, Q., Palmer, J. G., Turney, C. S., Southon, J., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Boswijk, G., Bronk Ramsey, C., et al. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.59 · Cited by 1,530
Self-citationSHCal04 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0-11.0 cal kyr BP
McCormac, F. G., Hogg, A. G., Blackwell, P. G., Buck, C. E., Higham, T. F. G., & Reimer, P. J. (2004) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033014 · Cited by 955
Self-citationDiscussion: Reporting and Calibration of Post-Bomb 14 C Data
(2004) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200033154 · Cited by 906
Self-citationReconceiving the chronology of inca imperial expansion
Ogburn, D. E. (2012) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.v54i2.16014 · Cited by 118
Marsh, E. J., Bruno, M. C., Fritz, S. C., Baker, P., Capriles, J. M., & Hastorf, C. A. (2018) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2018.16 · Cited by 109
Atmospheric 14C variations derived from tree rings during the early Younger Dryas
Hua, Q., Barbetti, M., Fink, D., Kaiser, K. F., Friedrich, M., Kromer, B., Levchenko, V. A., Zoppi, U., Smith, A. M., & Bertuch, F. (2009) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.08.013 · Cited by 96
Prehistoric human impacts on Rapa, French Polynesia
Kennett, D., Anderson, A., Prebble, M., Conte, E., & Southon, J. (2006) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00093662 · Cited by 85
Radiocarbon in tropical tree rings during the Little Ice Age
Hua, Q., Barbetti, M., Zoppi, U., Fink, D., Watanasak, M., & Jacobsen, G. E. (2004) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.092 · Cited by 73
Large 14 C excursion in 5480 BC indicates an abnormal sun in the mid-Holocene
Miyake, F., Jull, A. J. T., Panyushkina, I. P., Wacker, L., Salzer, M., Baisan, C. H., Lange, T., Cruz, R., Masuda, K., & Nakamura, T. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1613144114 · Cited by 67
Burley, D. V., & Dickinson, W. R. (2010) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.12.002 · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- McCormac, F. G., Reimer, P. J., Hogg, A. G., Higham, T. F. G., Baillie, M. G. L., Palmer, J., & Stuiver, M.
- Venue
- Radiocarbon
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2002
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 641-651
- ISSN
- 0033-8222
- 1945-5755
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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