The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric 14C Levels Via Stalagmites
Open accessAbstract
The imprint of the radiocarbon bomb peak was detected in the top of stalagmite ER-77 from Grotta di Ernesto (NE Italy). This recently grown stalagmite reveals a reservoir age, also known as dead carbon fraction (dcf), of ≃1050 14 C yr, or 12%. By applying a 14 C soil-karst model, the age spectrum of soil organic matter (SOM) as well as the CO 2 contribution of the single SOM reservoirs to the total soil CO 2 can be derived. Under the assumption of constant vegetation, meaning both vegetation density and the age spectrum of SOM, it is possible to derive the soil-air 14 C activity of the past using the 14 C calibration curve (IntCal04). Hence, it is also possible to calculate an artificial stalagmite 14 C data set covering the last 25,000 yr with parameters determined for stalagmite ER-77. With this artificially constructed data set, we derived the hypothetical atmospheric 14 C activity by using the common method of applying a constant dcf on the modeled 14 C data set of the stalagmite. This theoretical approach allows to analyze the impact of a constant and variable SOM age spectrum on atmospheric 14 C reconstructions performed with real stalagmite 14 C measurements. We observe deviations between IntCal04 and the atmospheric 14 C activity as derived with our modeled 14 C data set, which are larger for older SOM than for younger SOM and vary in time up to 2 pMC, depending on the strength of the variations in the atmospheric 14 C level. This value is comparable with the 1-σ uncertainty given by IntCal04 for the last glacial. For a varying SOM age spectrum, the deviations between the calibration curve and 14 C level of the atmosphere reconstructed with a stalagmite exceed 3 pMC, which is larger than the 1-σ uncertainty of IntCal04. In general, the SOM has smoothing, shifting, and 14 C-depleting effects on the stalagmite 14 C record and, therefore, on the stalagmite-derived atmospheric 14 C activity. In this study, changes in soil-air pCO 2 and carbonate dissolution conditions, which have also an important impact on the 14 C record of a stalagmite, are not accounted for.
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Controlling factors of DCF include extent of open or closed system dissolution of host rock, spectrum of ages of soil organic matter, and influence of non-carbonic acids such as sulfuric acid.
“Controlling factors of DCF include the extent of open or closed system dissolution of the host rock (Hendy 1971), the spectrum of ages of soil organic matter (Fohlmeister et al. 2011; Noronha et al. 2015), and influence of non-carbonic acids such as sulfuric acid (Bajo et al. 2017).”
From The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP) (2020) · cites this paper as Fohlmeister et al. 2011
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The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
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“Controlling factors of DCF include the extent of open or closed system dissolution of the host rock (Hendy 1971), the spectrum of ages of soil organic matter (Fohlmeister et al. 2011; Noronha et al. 2015), and influence of non-carbonic acids such as sulfuric acid (Bajo et al. 2017).”
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Self-citationModelling the 14C bomb-pulse in young speleothems using a soil carbon continuum model
Markowska, M., Fohlmeister, J., Treble, P. C., Baker, A., Andersen, M. S., & Hua, Q. (2019) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.04.029 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Fohlmeister, J., Kromer, B., & Mangini, A.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Fohlmeister, J
- Venue
- Radiocarbon
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 99-115
- ISSN
- 0033-8222 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-5755
- OpenAlex
- W173097197
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Radiocarbon (publishedVersion)
- UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Lunds Universitet
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Keywords
- bomb radiocarbon, soil carbon dioxide, last glacial period, carbonate dissolution
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