The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The High Politics of IMF Lending
Abstract
Analysts have long suspected that politics affects the lending patterns of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), but none have adequately specified or systematically tested competing explanations. This paper develops a political explanation of IMF lending and tests it statistically on the developing countries between 1985 and 1994. It finds that political realignment toward the United States, the largest power in the IMF, increases a country's probability of receiving an IMF loan. A country's static political alignment position has no significant impact during this period, suggesting that these processes are best modeled dynamically. An analysis of two subsamples rejects the hypothesis that the IMF has become less politicized since the end of the cold war and suggests that the influence of politics has actually increased since 1990. The behavior of multilateral organizations is still driven by the political interests of their more powerful member states.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy
Diebold, W., & Keohane, R. O. (1984) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20042201 · Cited by 3,944
Debt with Potential Repudiation: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis
Eaton, J., & Gersovitz, M. (1981) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2296886 · Cited by 2,603
Linear Probability, Logit, and Probit Models
Aldrich, J., & Nelson, F. (1984) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412984744 · Cited by 2,596
Taking Time Seriously: Time-Series-Cross-Section Analysis with a Binary Dependent Variable
Beck, N., Katz, J. N., & Tucker, R. (1998) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2991857 · Cited by 2,471
After hegemony: cooperation and discord in the world political economy
Buzan, B. (1985) · International Affairs · doi:10.2307/2617490 · Cited by 1,800
Oye, K. A. (1986) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780691186702 · Cited by 1,131
Regression in Space and Time: A Statistical Essay
Stimson, J. A. (1985) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111187 · Cited by 886
International Institutions And State Power: Essays In International Relations Theory
Keohane, R. O. (1989) · Cited by 783
Multilateralism Matters: The Theory and Praxis of an Institutional Form
Pierre, A. J., & Ruggie, J. G. (1993) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20045727 · Cited by 778
Multilateralism: An Agenda for Research
Keohane, R. O. (1990) · International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis · doi:10.1177/002070209004500401 · Cited by 503
Cited by
The IMF and Economic Development
Vreeland, J. R. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511615726 · Cited by 609
Global horse trading: IMF loans for votes in the United Nations Security Council
Dreher, A., Sturm, J.-E., & Vreeland, J. R. (2009) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.03.002 · Cited by 441
Changing aid regimes? U.S. foreign aid from the Cold War to the War on Terror
Fleck, R. K., & Kilby, C. (2010) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.09.011 · Cited by 297
The relevance of political affinity for the initial acquisition premium in cross‐border acquisitions
Bertrand, O., Betschinger, M., & Settles, A. (2016) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2438 · Cited by 191
A Thousand Cuts: Social Protection in the Age of Austerity
Kentikelenis, A., & Stubbs, T. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190637736.001.0001 · Cited by 94
Metadata
- Authors
- Thacker, S. C.
- Venue
- World Politics
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 1999-10
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 38-75
- ISSN
- 0043-8871 (ISSN-L)
- 1086-3338
- OpenAlex
- W2132340558
- Cited by
- 734
- References
- 22
- FWCI
- 78.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The High Politics of IMF Lending. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0043887100020025
- The paper
- Thacker, S. C. (1999). The High Politics of IMF Lending. World Politics. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100020025
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.