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Cited by 493

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Direct and Indirect Measures of Poverty

Ringen, Stein·1988·Journal of Social Policy
DOI 10.1017/s0047279400016858
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Abstract

Poverty can be defined and measured either directly (in terms of consumption) or indirectly (in terms of income). The relative deprivation concept of poverty is a direct concept; poverty is understood as visible poverty, that is, a low standard of consumption. The income poverty line is an indirect measure; poverty is established as low income. It is argued that recent mainstream poverty research combines a direct definition and an indirect measure. This causes there to be no logical line of deduction between definition and measurement and, along with other problems in the approach, renders the statistics produced invalid.

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Metadata

Authors
Ringen, S.
Venue
Journal of Social Policy
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1988-07
Volume
17
Issue
3
Pages
351-365
ISSN
  • 0047-2794 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7823
DOI
10.1017/s0047279400016858
OpenAlex
W2135395550
Cited by
493
References
9
FWCI
13.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Direct and Indirect Measures of Poverty. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0047279400016858
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Ringen, S. (1988). Direct and Indirect Measures of Poverty. Journal of Social Policy. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400016858

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.