The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mixed-methods research in language teaching and learning: Opportunities, issues and challenges
Abstract
This state-of-the-art paper foregrounds mixed-methods research (MMR) in language teaching and learning by discussing and critically reviewing issues related to this newly developed research paradigm. The paper has six sections. The first provides a context for the discussion of MMR through an introductory review of quantitative and qualitative paradigms. In the second section we discuss the nature and scope of MMR, its underlying principles, and its techniques and procedures. In the third section we discuss trends in MMR in language teaching and learning, and review 40 published papers in 30 journals related to this field, covering one decade (2002–2011). Issues and challenges facing MMR and its researchers are discussed in the fourth section, while in the fifth we discuss the significance of replicating MMR studies in language teaching and learning. Finally, we conclude by presenting prospects and avenues for further developing mixed-methods research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come
Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x033007014 · Cited by 11,170 · cited 4×
“…(2004) and Teddlie & Tashakkori (2009) represent those MMR theorists who consider ‘pragmatism’ as the underlying and the informing paradigm for MMR. Johnson & Onwuegbuzie (2004), for example, argue: The project of pragmatism has been to find a middle ground between philosophical dogmatism and…”
BackgroundInfluentialSAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social & Behavioral Research
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2010) · doi:10.4135/9781506335193 · Cited by 6,215
Toward a Conceptual Framework for Mixed-Method Evaluation Designs
Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/01623737011003255 · Cited by 5,687
Problems of Reliability and Validity in Ethnographic Research
LeCompte, M. D., & Goetz, J. P. (1982) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543052001031 · Cited by 1,740
Normal Science and its Dangers
Popper, K. R. (1970) · Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139171434.007 · Cited by 792
Collins, K. M. T., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Jiao, Q. G. (2007) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689807299526 · Cited by 552
Foundations of Multimethod Research
Brewer, J., & Hunter, A. (2006) · doi:10.4135/9781412984294 · Cited by 287
Alise, M. A., & Teddlie, C. (2010) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689809360805 · Cited by 269
Cited by
An A–Z of Applied Linguistics Research Methods
Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L. (2016) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-40322-3 · Cited by 156
Educator language ideologies and a top-down dual language program
Fitzsimmons-Doolan, S., Palmer, D., & Henderson, K. (2017) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2015.1071776 · Cited by 79
Ebadi, S., & Rahimi, M. (2018) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2018.1449757 · Cited by 75
3. Interaction or collaboration? Group dynamics in the foreign language classroom
Sato, M., & Viveros, P. (2016) · Language Learning & Language Teaching · doi:10.1075/lllt.45.04sat · Cited by 50
How do language education researchers attend to quality in qualitative studies?
Mirhosseini, S.-A., & Pearson, W. S. (2025) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444824000053 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Riazi, A. M., & Candlin, C. N.
- Venue
- Language Teaching
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2014-02-27
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 135-173
- ISSN
- 0261-4448 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-3049
- OpenAlex
- W2118556971
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 71.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mixed-methods research in language teaching and learning: Opportunities, issues and challenges. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1017/s0261444813000505
- The paper
- Riazi, A. M., & Candlin, C. N. (2014). Mixed-methods research in language teaching and learning: Opportunities, issues and challenges. Language Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0261444813000505
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
