The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Diarrhoea prevention in a high-risk rural Kenyan population through point-of-use chlorination, safe water storage, sanitation, and rainwater harvesting
Open accessAbstract
Lack of access to safe water and sanitation contributes to diarrhoea moribidity and mortality in developing countries. We evaluated the impact of household water treatment, latrines, shallow wells, and rainwater harvesting on diarrhoea incidence in rural Kenyan children. We compared diarrhoea rates in 960 children aged <5 years in 556 households in 12 randomly selected intervention villages and six randomly selected comparison villages during weekly home visits over an 8-week period. On multivariate analysis, chlorinating stored water [relative risk (RR) 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28-0.69], latrine presence (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.92), rainwater use (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.95), and living in an intervention village (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.23-0.41), were independently associated with lower diarrhoea risk. Diarrhoea risk was higher among shallow well users (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.12-2.83). Chlorinating stored water, latrines, and rainwater use all decreased diarrhoea risk; combined interventions may have increased health impact.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R. B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W. T. A., Haller, L., & Colford, J. M. (2004) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01253-8 · Cited by 1,690
Esrey, S. A., Potash, J. B., Roberts, L., & Shiff, C. (1991) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,056
INFECTIONS OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT
(1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-433-30301-5.50017-5 · Cited by 619
Esrey, S. A., Feachem, R. G., & Jm, H. (1985) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 454
Arnold, B. F., & Colford, J. M. (2007) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.354 · Cited by 390
McGuigan, K. G., Joyce, J., Conroy, R. M., Gillespie, & Elmore-Meegan (1998) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.00455.x · Cited by 342
Water distribution system and diarrheal disease transmission: a case study in Uzbekistan.
Semenza, J. C., Roberts, L., Henderson, A. D., Bogan, J., & Rubin, C. (1998) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.941 · Cited by 228
Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia.
Quick, R. E., Kimura, A. C., Thevos, A. K., Tembo, M., Shamputa, I. C., Hutwagner, L., & Mintz, E. M. (2002) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.584 · Cited by 226
Self-citationQuick, R. E., Venczel, L., Mintz, E. D., Soleto, L., Aparicio, J. C. M., Gironaz, M., Hutwagner, L., Greene, K. D., Bopp, C. A., Maloney, K. H., et al. (1999) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268898001782 · Cited by 212
Self-citationKeeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial.
Roberts, L., Chartier, Y., Chartier, O., Malenga, G. J., TOOLE, M. J., & Rodka, H. (2001) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 210
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 2006, Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: The Urban and Rural Challenge of the Decade, 6
- 2. WHO, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Water Supply and Sanitation Council. Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report. New York, NY: UNICEF, 2000, pp. 1–6, 77–79.
- 2000, Safe Water Systems for the Developing World: A Handbook for Implementing Household-Based Water Treatment and Safe Storage Projects
- Eisenberg, 2001, Balancing water sanitation and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrheal disease burden, American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea
Clasen, T., Alexander, K., Sinclair, D., Boisson, S., Peletz, R., Chang, H. H., Majorin, F., & Cairncross, S. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004794.pub3 · Cited by 514
Wolf, J., Hubbard, S., Brauer, M., Ambelu, A., Arnold, B. F., Bain, R., Bauza, V., Brown, J., Caruso, B. A., Clasen, T., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00937-0 · Cited by 377
Interventions to improve disposal of human excreta for preventing diarrhoea
Clasen, T. F., Bostoen, K., Schmidt, W.-P., Boisson, S., Fung, I. C.-H., Jenkins, M. W., Scott, B., Sugden, S., & Cairncross, S. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007180.pub2 · Cited by 190
Waddington, H., & Snilstveit, B. (2009) · Journal of Development Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19439340903141175 · Cited by 179
for the Social Determinants of Health Study Team, Darvesh, N., Das, J. K., Vaivada, T., Gaffey, M. F., Rasanathan, K., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4746-1 · Cited by 177
The effectiveness of social marketing in global health: a systematic review
Firestone, R., Rowe, C. J., Modi, S. N., & Sievers, D. (2016) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czw088 · Cited by 176
Hamilton, K. A., Reyneke, B., Waso, M., Clements, T., Ndlovu, T., Khan, W., DiGiovanni, K., Rakestraw, E., Montalto, F. A., Haas, C. N., et al. (2019) · npj Clean Water · doi:10.1038/s41545-019-0030-5 · Cited by 147
Blanton, E., Ombeki, S., Oluoch, G. O., Mwaki, A., Wannemuehler, K., & Quick, R. (2010) · The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0422 · Cited by 114
Self-citationDiarrhea Disease among Children under 5 Years of Age: A Global Systematic Review
Manetu, W. M., M’masi, S., & Recha, C. W. (2021) · Open Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.4236/ojepi.2021.113018 · Cited by 107
Social marketing of water and sanitation products: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature
Evans, W. D., Pattanayak, S. K., Young, S., Buszin, J., Rai, S., & Bihm, J. W. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.011 · Cited by 107
Chirgwin, H., Cairncross, S., Zehra, D., & Waddington, H. S. (2021) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.1194 · Cited by 106
Mengistie, B., Berhane, Y., & Worku, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077887 · Cited by 98
Waterborne Disease Risk Factors and Intervention Practices: A Review
Manetu, W. M., & Karanja, A. M. (2021) · OALib · doi:10.4236/oalib.1107401 · Cited by 92
Rainwater harvesting: quality assessment and utilization in The Netherlands
Schets, F. M., Italiaander, R., van den Berg, H., & Husman, A. D. R. (2009) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2009.037 · Cited by 92
Alexander, K., Oduor, C., Nyothach, E., Laserson, K., Amek, N., Eleveld, A., Mason, L., Rheingans, R., Beynon, C., Mohammed, A., et al. (2014) · Water · doi:10.3390/w6051453 · Cited by 90
Self-citationKothari, M. T., Coile, A., Huestis, A., Pullum, T., Garrett, D., & Engmann, C. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14109 · Cited by 89
Nielsen, A. M., Garcia, L. A. T., Silva, K. J. S., Sabogal-Paz, L. P., Hincapié, M., Montoya, L. J., Galeano, L., Galdos-Balzategui, A., Reygadas, F., Herrera, C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114004 · Cited by 82
Wolf, J., Johnston, R. B., Hunter, P. R., Gordon, B. A., Medlicott, K. O., & Prüss‐Üstün, A. (2018) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.11.005 · Cited by 81
Galan, D. I., Kim, S., & Graham, J. P. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-527 · Cited by 70
Rainwater harvesting practices and attitudes in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
Özdemir, S., Ellıott, M., Brown, J. M., Nam, P. K., Hien, V. T., & Sobsey, M. D. (2011) · Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development · doi:10.2166/washdev.2011.024 · Cited by 70
Azage, M., & Haile, D. (2015) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-015-0090-z · Cited by 69
Stormwater treatment for reuse: Current practice and future development – A review
Feng, W., Liu, Y., & Gao, L. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113830 · Cited by 68
Acharya, D., Singh, J. K., Adhikari, M., Gautam, S., Pandey, P., & Dayal, V. (2017) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.04.007 · Cited by 59
Surface Water and Groundwater Sources for Drinking Water
Κατσάνου, Κ., & Karapanagioti, H. K. (2017) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/698_2017_140 · Cited by 58
Cohen, A., & Colford, J. M. (2017) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0190 · Cited by 63
Noma (cancrum oris): a scoping literature review of a neglected disease (1843 to 2021)
Farley, E., Mehta, U., Srour, M. L., & Lenglet, A. (2021) · PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009844 · Cited by 54
Jung, Y. T., Hum, R. J., Lou, W. Y. W., & Cheng, Y. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173808 · Cited by 51
Chan, E. Y. Y., Tong, K. H. Y., Dubois, C., Mcdonnell, K., Kim, J. H., Hung, K. K. C., & Kwok, K. O. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182312268 · Cited by 58
Montagu, D., Goodman, C. A., Berman, P., Penn, A., & Visconti, A. (2016) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czw018 · Cited by 50
Pham-Duc, P., Nguyen‐Viet, H., Hattendorf, J., Cam, P. D., Zurbrügg, C., Zinsstag, J., & Odermatt, P. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-978 · Cited by 46
The cost of a knowledge silo: a systematic re-review of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions
Loevinsohn, M., Mehta, L., Cuming, K., Nicol, A., Cumming, O., & Ensink, J. H. J. (2014) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czu039 · Cited by 44
Sahiledengle, B. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7325-9 · Cited by 39
The prevalence of noma in northwest Nigeria
Farley, E., Oyemakinde, M. J., Schuurmans, J., Ariti, C. A., Saleh, F., Uzoigwe, G., Bil, K., Oluyide, B., Fotso, A., Amirtharajah, M., et al. (2020) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002141 · Cited by 38
Interventions to improve sanitation for preventing diarrhoea
Bauza, V., Ye, W., Liao, J., Majorin, F., & Clasen, T. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013328.pub2 · Cited by 42
French, M., Alem, N., Edwards, S. J., Coariti, E. B., Cauthin, H., Hudson-Edwards, K. A., Luyckx, K., Quintanilla, J., & Miranda, O. S. (2017) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-017-0893-5 · Cited by 35
Joint effect of water and sanitation practices on childhood diarrhoea in sub-Saharan Africa
Amadu, I., Seidu, A., Agyemang, K. K., Arthur-Holmes, F., Duku, E., Salifu, I., Bolarinwa, O. A., Hagan, J. E., & Ahinkorah, B. O. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283826 · Cited by 35
Alim, M. A., Ashraf, A., Rahman, A., Tao, Z., Roy, R., Khan, M. M., & Shirin, S. (2021) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102318 · Cited by 35
Potgieter, N., Becker, P., & Ehlers, M. M. (2009) · Water SA · doi:10.4314/wsa.v35i4.76810 · Cited by 35
Ngowi, H. A., Ozbolt, I., Millogo, A., Dermauw, V., Some, T., Spicer, P., Jervis, L. L., Ganaba, R., Gabriël, S., Dorny, P., et al. (2017) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0308-0 · Cited by 33
Null, C., Hombrados, J. G., (3ie), I. I. F. I. E., Kremer, M. R., Meeks, R. C., Miguel, E. A., & Zwane, A. P. (2012) · doi:10.23846/sr1003 · Cited by 33
Risk of Gastrointestinal Illness Associated with the Consumption of Rainwater: A Systematic Review
Dean, J. M., & Hunter, P. R. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es203351n · Cited by 32
Exposure to WASH-borne hazards: A scoping study on peri-urban Ger areas in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Uddin, S. M. N., Li, Z., Gaillard, J., Tedoff, P., Mang, H., Lapègue, J., Huba, E. M., Kummel, O., & Rheinstein, E. (2014) · Habitat International · doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.08.006 · Cited by 29
Barzilay, E. J., Aghoghovbia, T. S., Blanton, E. M., Akinpelumi, A. A., Coldiron, M. E., Akinfolayan, O., Adeleye, O. A., LaTrielle, A., Hoekstra, R. M., Gilpin, U., et al. (2011) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.507749 · Cited by 28
Self-citationA strategy to increase adoption of locally-produced, ceramic cookstoves in rural Kenyan households
Silk, B. J., Sadumah, I., Patel, M. K., Were, V. O., Person, B., Harris, J. R., Otieno, R., Nygren, B. L., Loo, J. D., Eleveld, A., et al. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-359 · Cited by 28
Self-citationHbatu, M., Nsabimana, J. A., & Mureithi, C. (2017) · Journal of Tropical Diseases · doi:10.4172/2329-891x.1000238 · Cited by 28
Aliyu, A., & Dahiru, T. (2019) · Nigerian Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/nmj.nmj_3_19 · Cited by 25
Latrine Promotion for Trachoma: Assessment of Mortality from a Cluster-Randomized Trial in Ethiopia
Gebre, T., Ayele, B., Zerihun, M., House, J. I., Stoller, N. E., Zhou, Z., Ray, K. J., Gaynor, B. D., Porco, T. C., Emerson, P. M., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0720 · Cited by 22
Latrine access and utilization among people with limited mobility: A cross sectional study
Asfaw, B., Azage, M., & Gebregergs, G. B. (2016) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-016-0120-5 · Cited by 21
A National Cholera Epidemic With High Case Fatality Rates--Kenya 2009
Loharikar, A. R., Briere, E. C., Ope, M. O., Langat, D., Njeru, I., Maina-Gathigi, L., Makayotto, L., Ismail, A. M., Thuranira, M., Abade, A., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jit220 · Cited by 20
de Oliveira, A. F., Leite, I. D. C., & Valente, J. G. (2015) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232015204.00372014 · Cited by 20
Fagerli, K., Trivedi, K. K., Sodha, S. V., Blanton, E. M., Ati, A., Nguyen, T. H., Delea, K. C., Ainslie, R., Figueroa, M. E., Kim, S., et al. (2017) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268817002217 · Cited by 20
Self-citationEibagi, H., Faghihi, K., & Komijani, M. (2020) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106734 · Cited by 20
Mapingure, M. P., Makota, R. B., Chingombe, I., Moyo, E., Dzinamarira, T., Moyo, B. K., Mpofu, A., & Musuka, G. (2024) · IJID Regions · doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100417 · Cited by 19
Contreras, J. D., & Eisenberg, J. N. S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17010230 · Cited by 24
Pancholi, D., Bisht, N. S., Pande, V., & Dandapat, A. (2021) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111558 · Cited by 19
Chaúque, B. J. M., Issufo, M., Benitez, G. B., Cossa, V. C., Chaúque, L. G. H., Stauber, C. E., Benetti, A. D., & Rott, M. B. (2023) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.110575 · Cited by 17
Elgert, L., Austin, P., & Picchione, K. R. (2015) · International Journal of Water Resources Development · doi:10.1080/07900627.2015.1104499 · Cited by 17
Rainwater Harvesting: A Comprehensive Review of Literature
DeBusk, K. M., & Hunt, W. F. (2014) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries) · Cited by 17
Demissie, G. D., Zerihun, M. F., Ekubagewargies, D. T., Yeshaw, Y., Jemere, T., Misganaw, B., Tariku, A., & Atnafu, A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281451 · Cited by 16
Abera, B., Bezabih, B., & Hailu, D. (2016) · Sustainability of water quality and ecology · doi:10.1016/j.swaqe.2016.06.001 · Cited by 16
Rojas, E. M., Ortiz, E. A. D., Tafur, C. A. M., García, L., Oliva, M., & Briceño, N. B. R. (2021) · Scientifica · doi:10.1155/2021/4136379 · Cited by 15
Evaluating four measures of water quality in clay pots and plastic safe storage containers in Kenya
Murphy, J. L., Ayers, T., Knee, J., Oremo, J., Odhiambo, A., Faith, S. H., Nyagol, R., Stauber, C., Lantagne, D., & Quick, R. E. (2016) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.022 · Cited by 14
Self-citationSaran, S., Arunkumar, P., & Devipriya, S. P. (2017) · Water Science & Technology Water Supply · doi:10.2166/ws.2017.097 · Cited by 14
Marcynuk, P., Flint, J. A., Sargeant, J. M., Jones‐Bitton, A., de Brito, A. M., Luna, C. F., Szilassy, E., Thomas, M. K., Lapa, T. M., Pérez, E. C., et al. (2013) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-65 · Cited by 14
Seguin, M., & Niño‐Zarazúa, M. (2014) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.12423 · Cited by 13
El‐Fadel, M., Maroun, R., Quba’a, R., Mawla, D., Sayess, R. R., Massoud, M. A., & Jamali, I. (2013) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3406-x · Cited by 13
Backer, H., Derlet, R. W., & Hill, V. R. (2023) · Wilderness and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1177/10806032231218722 · Cited by 11
Backer, H., Derlet, R. W., & Hill, V. R. (2019) · Wilderness and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.wem.2019.06.006 · Cited by 11
Luna, C. F., de Brito, A. M., Costa, A. M., Lapa, T. M., Flint, J. A., & Marcynuk, P. (2011) · Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil · doi:10.1590/s1519-38292011000300009 · Cited by 10
Comparative life cycle assessment of four commonly used point-of-use water treatment technologies
Walsh, T., & Mellor, J. (2020) · Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development · doi:10.2166/washdev.2020.158 · Cited by 10
Zheng, L., & Deng, Y. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170087 · Cited by 10
Gaihre, S., Kyle, J., Semple, S. E., Smith, J., Subedi, M., & Marais, D. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3731-4 · Cited by 10
A Review of the Evidence Base for WASH interventions in Emergency Responses
Parkinson, J. (2009) · Cited by 9
Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Impact Evaluations
Fenwick, C., Andrés, L., Filho, J. D. J., Borja-Vega, C., & Gomez-Suarez, R. (2018) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8444 · Cited by 8
Molinero, J., Cipriani-Ávila, I., & Barrado, M. (2021) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-021-09579-w · Cited by 8
Interventions to improve excreta disposal for preventing diarrhoea
Clasen, T., Bostoen, K., Schmidt, W., Boisson, S., Fung, I. C., Jenkins, M. W., Scott, B., Sugden, S., & Cairncross, S. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007180 · Cited by 8
Feasibility of Accessing Safe Water in Developing Countries Using Photocatalytic Technology—A Review
Negishi, N. (2025) · Photocatalysis: research and potential · doi:10.70322/prp.2025.10014 · Cited by 7
Reyneke, B., Morris, T. C., Fernández‐Ibañez, P., McGuigan, K. G., Heida, A., Hamilton, K. A., & Khan, W. (2023) · Water Security · doi:10.1016/j.wasec.2023.100146 · Cited by 7
Elijah, B. C., Ahmad, A., Li, Y., Plazas‐Tuttle, J., & Rowles, L. S. (2024) · ACS Environmental Au · doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00017 · Cited by 6
Liwenga, E. T., Jalloh, A. A., & Mogaka, H. R. (2014) · Cited by 6
Evaluation of a Water and Hygiene Project in Health-Care Facilities in Siaya County, Kenya, 2016
Davis, W. W., Odhiambo, A., Oremo, J., Otieno, R., Mwaki, A., Rajasingham, A., Sun-Kyung, K., & Quick, R. E. (2019) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0945 · Cited by 6
Self-citationProviding Clean Water: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations
Ahuja, A., Kremer, M. R., & Zwane, A. P. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53199-5.00008-7 · Cited by 6
International Child Health: State of the Art
Torjesen, K., & OLNESS, K. N. (2009) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.06.002 · Cited by 6
de Villiers, C. B., Makotsi, N., Heimler, I., Bailey, R. C., Hershow, R., Masanga, P., & Mehta, S. D. (2018) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268818000924 · Cited by 6
Cochrane review: Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea
Clasen, T., Roberts, I., Rabie, T., Schmidt, W., & Cairncross, S. (2007) · Evidence-Based Child Health A Cochrane Review Journal · doi:10.1002/ebch.122 · Cited by 6
Seguin, M., & Niño‐Zarazúa, M. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2325892 · Cited by 5
Woroszyło, C., Choi, B., Healy‐Profitós, J., Lee, J., Garabed, R. B., & Rempała, G. A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206418 · Cited by 4
Shaaban, F. L., Kabatereine, N. B., & Chami, G. F. (2022) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07468-2 · Cited by 4
Torgby-Tetteh, W., Krishnamoorthy, S., & Buys, E. M. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12193596 · Cited by 4
Bacterial Etiology of Diarrhoeal Disease in Children and Antibiogram of the Isolates
Neupane, A., Parajuli, P., Bastola, R., & Paudel, A. (2017) · Clinical Microbiology Open Access · doi:10.4172/2327-5073.1000278 · Cited by 4
Financing and design innovation in rural domestic rainwater harvesting in Madagascar
Chaplin, H., & Legge, H. (2019) · Waterlines · doi:10.3362/1756-3488.18-00033 · Cited by 4
Okon, K. O. (2014) · British Microbiology Research Journal · doi:10.9734/bmrj/2014/4737 · Cited by 4
Ibrahim, S., Choumane, W., & Dayoub, A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.1080/00207233.2019.1619320 · Cited by 4
Ghayurdoost, F., Firouzsalari, N. Z., Nikmaram, S., Gilani, N., Damadipour, M., Baba, A., & Mosaferi, M. (2024) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-024-07674-5 · Cited by 3
Schilling, K. A., Awuor, A. O., Rajasingham, A., Moke, F., Omore, R., Amollo, M., Farag, T. H., Nasrin, D., Nataro, J. P., Kotloff, K. L., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0774 · Cited by 3
Kimani, H. M. (2014) · Kenyatta University Institutional Repository (Kenyatta University) · Cited by 3
Health Effects of Sanitation Facilities: A Bayesian Semiparametric Analysis of Compositional Data
Watson, S., Sartori, J., Uthman, O. A., & Lilford, R. J. (2019) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.1111/rssc.12339 · Cited by 2
Interventions to Mitigate Burdens of Waterborne and Water-Related Disease
Arnold, R. G. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662526.003.0029 · Cited by 2
Terefe, B., Assimamaw, N. T., & Chekole, B. (2024) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-024-01335-z · Cited by 2
Mpogui, A. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/3159506 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- GARRETT, V., OGUTU, P., MABONGA, P., OMBEKI, S., MWAKI, A., ALUOCH, G., PHELAN, M., & QUICK, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- QUICK, R. E.
- ORCID
- MWAKI, A.
- Venue
- Epidemiology and Infection
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008-01-21
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1463-1471
- ISSN
- 0950-2688 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-4409
- PMC
- PMC2870746
- OpenAlex
- W1998313988
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiology and Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Woodruff Foundation
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Resource Management and Quality
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fecal contamination and water quality
- Keywords
- diarrhea prevention, household water treatment, safe water storage, latrines, sanitation, rainwater harvesting, shallow wells, childhood diarrhea, rural Kenya, waterborne diseases
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Preschool, Chlorine, Diarrhea, Disinfectants, Disinfection, Female, Humans, Infant, Kenya, Male, Middle Aged, Rural Population, Sanitation, Incidence, Water Purification
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review