Differential changes in impulsivity and sensation seeking and the escalation of substance use from adolescence to early adulthood
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Recent evidence suggests that impulsivity and sensation seeking are not stable risk factors for substance use among adolescents and early adults but rather that they undergo significant developmental maturation and change. Further, developmental trends of both personality facets may vary across individuals. In the current investigation, we used longitudinal data from ages 15 to 26 on 5,632 individuals drawn from the offspring generation of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine whether interindividual differences in intraindividual change in impulsivity and sensation seeking predicted the escalation of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use in adolescence and early adulthood. Latent growth curve models revealed significant individual differences in rates of change in both personality and substance use. Age-related changes in personality were positively associated with individual differences in substance-use change. Individuals who declined more slowly in impulsivity increased in alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette more rapidly, whereas individuals who declined more slowly in sensation seeking increased more rapidly in alcohol use only. Although risk for substance use across the population may peak during adolescence and early adulthood, this risk may be highest among those who decline more gradually in impulsivity.
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By the early-to-mid 20s the frequency of impulsive behavior appears to stabilize at levels much lower than those exhibited by adolescents.
“Although adults sometimes engage in impulsive acts, by the early-to-mid 20s the frequency of impulsive behavior appears to stabilize at levels much lower than those exhibited by adolescents (Steinberg et al., 2008, Quinn and Harden, 2013).”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Quinn and Harden, 2013
The Results (Univariate Growth Curve Models; page not provided) report that average impulsivity declined after age 15–16 and stabilized in the early 20s. But the Methods (Measures; page not provided) assessed self-reported impulsivity, not the frequency of impulsive acts, so the claim’s behavioral-frequency wording is not directly supported. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth higher levels of sensation seeking and lower levels of impulse control explain variation in risk taking, over and above the effects of one another.
“Both higher levels of sensation seeking and lower levels of impulse control explain variation in risk taking, over and above the effects of one another (Cyders et al., 2009, Donohew et al., 2000, Quinn and Harden, 2013).”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Quinn and Harden, 2013
The Method (Measures; page unavailable) distinguishes impulsivity from sensation seeking, and the Results (Multivariate Models of Change; page unavailable) associate both with substance use. But the paper studies alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use rather than risk taking generally, and its reported correlations do not establish that each trait explains variation over and above the other. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredQuinn and Harden (2013) found a linear decrease in self-reported impulsivity between the ages of 15 and 21, but no further age differences among individuals between 21 and 25.
“For example, using a three-item impulsivity scale, Quinn and Harden (2013) found a linear decrease in self-reported impulsivity between the ages of 15 and 21, but no further age differences among individuals between 21 and 25.”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Quinn and Harden, 2013
The Methods (Measures; page unavailable) confirm that impulsivity was assessed with three youth self-report items. The Results (Univariate Growth Curve Models; page unavailable) report a linear decline after age 15–16 followed by stabilization in the early 20s, but do not establish age 21 as the cutoff or no further differences from 21 to 25; the model instead specifies linear change through age 23–24. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSelf-reported sensation seeking peaks around mid-adolescence and decreases into adulthood.
“longitudinal and cross-sectional studies generally find evidence of a peak in self-reported sensation seeking around mid-adolescence and a decrease into adulthood”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Quinn and Harden, 2013
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“For example, using a three-item impulivity scale, Quinn and Harden (2013) found a linear decrease in elf-reported impulsivity between the ages of 15 and 21, but no urther age differences among individuals between 21 and 25.”
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- Authors
- Quinn, P. D., & Harden, K. P.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Quinn, Patrick D.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-07-24
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 223-239
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- PMC
- PMC3967723
- OpenAlex
- W2099835795
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32-AA-07471, T32AA007471)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD042849)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- impulsivity, sensation seeking, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, cigarette smoking, adolescence, early adulthood, personality development, individual differences, developmental trajectories, substance use risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Individuality, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Personality, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Substance-Related Disorders, Adolescent Development
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