The role of personality dispositions to risky behavior in predicting first-year college drinking
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AIMS: US college student drinking is associated with enormous risks to health, safety and productivity. Recent advances in personality research that have delineated multiple, separate dispositions to engage in risky behaviors may help to clarify the personality contribution to risk for this problem. DESIGN: The authors compared the prospective roles of sensation seeking, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, negative urgency and positive urgency (dispositions to engage in rash action when in an unusually negative or positive mood, respectively) in predicting increases in drinking frequency, drinking quantity and negative outcomes from consumption across the first year of college. SETTING: University of Kentucky campus. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 418 first-year US college students enrolled in an Introduction to Psychology course during the first assessment; 293 participants completed both phases of the study. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed self-report measures of personality and drinking behavior twice during the first year of college [the UPPS-R Impulsive Behavior Scale, positive urgency measure (PUM) and Drinking Styles Questionnaire (DSQ)]. FINDINGS: Whereas sensation seeking related to increases in the frequency with which college students drank alcohol, positive urgency predicted increases in (i) the quantity of alcohol students consumed at any given drinking episode and (ii) negative outcomes experienced from drinking. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that although sensation seeking is a risk factor for participation in drinking behaviors, risk for increased quantity of consumption and its negative outcomes may be more a function of dyscontrol stemming from high positive mood for college students.
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Both higher levels of sensation seeking and lower levels of impulse control explain variation in risk taking, over and above the effects of one another.
“Both higher levels of sensation seeking and lower levels of impulse control explain variation in risk taking, over and above the effects of one another (Cyders et al., 2009, Donohew et al., 2000, Quinn and Harden, 2013).”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Cyders et al., 2009
The Results (Prospective Model of the Prediction of Drinking Behaviors; page unavailable) show that sensation seeking uniquely predicted drinking frequency, while positive urgency—a specific tendency toward rash action—uniquely predicted drinking quantity and problems after accounting for the other traits. This supports distinct contributions to first-year college drinking, but not the broader claim about risk taking generally or lower impulse control as a whole; lack of planning and lack of perseverance did not add predictive power. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Cyders, M. A., Flory, K., Rainer, S., & Smith, G. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Nova Southeastern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Gregory T.
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-01-15
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 193-202
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- PMC
- PMC2653206
- OpenAlex
- W2143637634
- Cited by
- 360
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 17.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa016166-05)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01-AA-016166, RO1 AA 016166, F31AA016265, AA016166)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- college drinking, first-year college students, personality dispositions, sensation seeking, positive urgency, negative urgency, impulsivity, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, drinking frequency, alcohol consumption quantity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Intoxication, Female, Humans, Kentucky, Male, Personality, Risk Factors, Students, Young Adult
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