Supportive parenting mediates neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in children's antisocial behavior from ages 5 to 12
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We report a graded relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and children's antisocial behavior that (a) can be observed at school entry, (b) widens across childhood, (c) remains after controlling for family-level SES and risk, and (d) is completely mediated by maternal warmth and parental monitoring (defined throughout as supportive parenting). The children were participants in the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study (N= 2,232), which prospectively tracked the development of children and their neighborhoods across childhood. Direct and independent effects of neighborhood-level SES on children's antisocial behavior were observed as early as age 5, and the gap between children living in deprived versus more affluent neighborhoods widened as children approached adolescence. By age 12, the effect of neighborhood SES on children's antisocial behavior was as large as the effect observed for our most robust predictor of antisocial behavior: sex (Cohen d= 0.51 when comparing children growing up in deprived vs. more affluent neighborhoods in comparison to Cohen d= 0.53 when comparing antisocial behavior among boys vs. girls). However, these relatively large differences in children's levels and rate of change in antisocial behavior across deprived versus more affluent neighborhoods were completely mediated by supportive parenting practices. The implications of our findings for studying and reducing socioeconomic disparities in antisocial behavior among children are discussed.
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The E-Risk sample represented the full range of socioeconomic conditions in the UK at follow-up.
“At follow up, the study sample represented the full range of socioeconomic conditions in the UK.”
From Evaluation of the persistence, remission, and emergence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Odgers, C. L., Caspi, A., Russell, M. A., Sampson, R. J., Arseneault, L., & Moffitt, T. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Duke University (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Odgers, Candice L.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-07-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 705-721
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- PMC
- PMC3551477
- OpenAlex
- W2144816620
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 12.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/H034897/1)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-077874, R01MH077874)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P2CHD065563, R24HD065563, R01HD061298)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Keywords
- neighborhood socioeconomic status, antisocial behavior, supportive parenting, maternal warmth, parental supervision, socioeconomic disparities, child development, mediation, Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, sex differences, neighborhood disadvantage
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Family, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Poverty, Residence Characteristics, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Parenting, Conduct Disorder
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