Cited by 465Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEarly Childhood Education and DevelopmentLanguage Development and Disorders

A responsive parenting intervention: the optimal timing across early childhood for impacting maternal behaviors and child outcomes.

Open access
Landry, Susan H., Smith, Karen E., Swank, Paul R., Guttentag, Cathy·2008·Developmental Psychology

Abstract

This study examined the optimal timing (infancy, toddler-preschool, or both) for facilitating responsive parenting and the intervention effects on maternal behaviors and child social and communication skills for children who vary in biological risk. The intervention during infancy, Playing and Learning Strategies (PALS I), showed strong changes in maternal affective-emotional and cognitively responsive behaviors and infants' development. However, it was hypothesized that a 2nd intervention dose in the toddler-preschool period was needed for optimal results. Families from the PALS I phase were rerandomized into either the PALS II, the toddler-preschool phase, or a Developmental Assessment Sessions condition, resulting in 4 groups. Facilitation of maternal warmth occurred best with the PALS I intervention, while cognitive responsive behaviors were best supported with the PALS II intervention. Behaviors that required responsiveness to the child's changing signals (contingent responsiveness, redirecting) required the intervention across both the early and later periods.

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Crossref · 10.1037/a0013030

Cites

58 of 58 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Conclusions about causality can only be made in the context of experimental studies.

    “Conclusions about causality can only be made in the context of experimental studies, 58,91 -93 and approximations of causality may be derived from longitudinal designs that address directionality and temporal precedence. 94”

    From Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as [58]

    In the Discussion section (“Mediation of Intervention Effects”; page unavailable), the paper says its randomized design provides evidence that changes in children’s behavior were due to changes in their mothers’ behavior. This supports causal inference from an experimental design, but the paper does not state that causal conclusions can *only* be made in experimental studies. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Sensitive responsiveness is a modifiable risk factor.

    “Sensitive responsiveness is a modi fi able risk factor that has been successfully trained in parents in randomized controlled trials and shown to improve the language development of children.”

    From Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as [58]

  • Training sensitive responsiveness in parents improves the language development of children.

    “Sensitive responsiveness is a modi fi able risk factor that has been successfully trained in parents in randomized controlled trials and shown to improve the language development of children.”

    From Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as [58]

  • Sensitive responsiveness has been successfully trained in parents in randomized controlled trials.

    “Sensitive responsiveness is a modi fi able risk factor that has been successfully trained in parents in randomized controlled trials and shown to improve the language development of children.”

    From Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as [58]

  • Supportive parenting early in life has positive effects on cognitive, behavioral, and psychological development throughout the lifespan.

    “supportive parenting early in life has been shown to have positive effects on cognitive, behavioral, and psychological development throughout the lifespan (Beckwith et al., 1992, Eshel et al., 2006, Landry et al., 2008).”

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Bromwich R 1981 Working with parents and families: An interactional approach Baltimore University Park Press
  2. Plunkett JW Meisels SJ 1989 Socioemotional adaptation of preterm infants at three years Infant Mental Health Journal 10 117 131

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Authors
Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., Swank, P. R., & Guttentag, C.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
  • The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
Venue
Developmental Psychology
Published
2008
Volume
44
Issue
5
Pages
1335-1353
ISSN
  • 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0599
OpenAlex
W1987458959
Cited by
465
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 25
FWCI
17.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (HD36099)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Keywords
responsive parenting, intervention timing, maternal warmth, biological risk, infancy, early childhood intervention, re-randomization
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Attention, Child, Preschool, Communication, Cooperative Behavior, Education, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Interpersonal Relations, Language Development, Male, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Social Behavior

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