The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 91 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 53 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Preventive interventions and sustained attachment security in maltreated children
Open accessAbstract
Thirteen-month-old maltreated infants (n= 137) and their mothers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: child–parent psychotherapy (CPP), psychoeducational parenting intervention (PPI), or community standard (CS). A fourth group of nonmaltreated infants (n= 52) and their mothers served as a nonmaltreated comparison (NC) group. A prior investigation found that the CPP and the PPI groups demonstrated substantial increases in secure attachment at postintervention, whereas this change was not found in the CS and the NC groups. The current investigation involved the analysis of data obtained at a follow-up assessment that occurred 12 months after the completion of treatment. At follow-up, children in the CPP group had higher rates of secure and lower rates of disorganized attachment than did children in the PPI or the CS group. Rates of disorganized attachment did not differ between the CPP and the NC groups. Intention to treat analyses also showed higher rates of secure attachment at follow-up in the CPP group relative to the PPI and the CS groups. However, groups did not differ on disorganized attachment. Both primary and intention to treat analyses demonstrated that maternal-reported child behavior problems did not differ among the four groups at the follow-up assessment. This is the first investigation to demonstrate sustained attachment security in maltreated children 12 months after the completion of an attachment theory informed intervention. The findings also suggest that, although effective in the short term, parenting interventions alone may not be effective in maintaining secure attachment in children over time.
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Claims the paper makes
33 Not checked yet · 27 Own result · 24 Own interpretation · 23 Own method · 3 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intention-to-treat analyses (ITT) also showed higher rates of secure attachment at follow-up in the CPP group relative to the PPI and CS groups.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plainn = 137- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of disorganized attachment did not differ between the CPP and NC groups.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At follow-up, children in the CPP group had higher rates of secure and lower rates of disorganized attachment than did children in the PPI or CS groups.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plaindirectn = 137- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At follow-up, children in the CPP group had higher rates of secure and lower rates of disorganized attachment than did children in the PPI or CS groups.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plaindirectn = 137- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, groups did not differ on disorganized attachment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both primary and ITT analyses demonstrated that maternal reported child behavior problems did not differ among the four groups at the follow-up assessment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the multivariate effect for treatment group on maternal perceptions of children’s behavior problems, Wilks’ λ = .93, F (9, 145) = 1.15, p = .32, was not significant.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and the PPI group (17.9%), χ2 (1, n = 81) = 4.92, p =.03, ES = .25.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
plainn = 81 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The CPP group continued to demonstrate higher rates of secure attachment (40.5%) than the CS group (11.8%), χ2 (1, n = 59) = 4.57, p =.03, ES = .28”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
boostedn = 59 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“lower rates of disorganized attachment, χ2 (1, n = 76) = 3.83, p = .05, ES = .23, at follow-up than did children in the CS group.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
plainn = 76- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- Probably not a substantial claim. 16
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maltreating families recruited for this randomized controlled trial were identified as high-risk and were not seeking treatment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Maltreated children often have difficulty resolving a progression of essential stage-salient developmental issues, such as affect regulation, secure attachment, and autonomous self-development, because their environments fail to provide adequate support to facilitate healthy biological and psychological growth (Cicchetti, 2002; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1995; Cicchetti & Toth, 1995).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti, 2002
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti & Lynch, 1995
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti & Toth, 1995
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Rates of secure attachment in the CPP and PPI groups were significantly higher than in the CS group and did not differ significantly from the NC group.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > Pre-Intervention and Post-Intervention Results (Previously Reported)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti et al., 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“At post-intervention, percentage of disorganized attachment dropped substantially for the CPP and PPI groups whereas infants in the CS group continued to exhibit high rates of disorganization.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > Pre-Intervention and Post-Intervention Results (Previously Reported)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti et al., 2006
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insecure attachment is associated with a variety of poor developmental outcomes, such as difficulty regulating emotions, poor peer relationships, and language delays (Easterbrooks, Davidson, & Chazan, 1993; Sroufe, 1983; Weinfield, Sroufe, Egeland, & Carlson, 1999).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Caregiver-child Interactions and Child Attachment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Easterbrooks et al., 1993
- Not checked yetcites Sroufe, 1983
- Not checked yetcites Weinfield et al., 1999
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At both the pre-intervention and post-intervention assessments, two raters coded all tapes and disagreements were resolved by conferencing. Inter-rater agreement for the four-category attachment classification system exceeded 88%.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, no study has examined the efficacy of preventive interventions in promoting the maintenance of attachment security beyond the conclusion of treatment or assessed children’s behavioral functioning beyond 6-months post-intervention.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Preventive Interventions for Maltreated Children > Attachment-based interventions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The percentages of disorganized attachment in the CPP and NC groups were consistent with the results of a meta-analytic investigation of disorganized attachment in low SES samples, approximately 25%, whereas disorganized attachment in the PPI and CS groups were at or above rates typically seen in maltreated children who have not received intervention, approximately 48% (van IJzendoorn et al., 1999”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites van IJzendoorn et al., 1999
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The nonmaltreated comparison children, despite lacking documented maltreatment, were very likely to have experienced adversity because their families received public assistance.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a sample of demographically similar nonmaltreated children and their mothers was included to compare treatment outcomes to the functioning of children in families without documented child abuse or neglect but who still received public assistance and thus were very likely to have experienced adversity.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children’s attachment at follow-up was coded independently by coders who had not coded earlier tapes and who achieved criterion-level reliability with expert coders on a separate sample of tapes. Neither of the coders was aware of children’s maltreatment statuses, treatment conditions, or attachment classifications at previous assessments.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall agreement for the standard classifications (A, B, C, D), calculated on 30% of the sample, was 77.7 % (κ = .70). Agreement between secure (B) and insecure/disorganized (A, C, D) classifications was 91.1 % (κ = .82). Agreement between organized (A, B, C) and disorganized (D) classifications was 80% (κ = .60).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the onset of the intervention, groups did not differ on child gender, maternal age, maternal minority race/ethnicity, TANF receipt, income, or marital status.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
plainn = 189- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Demographic and diagnostic interviews, as well as a variety of self-report measures were administered to mothers during the home visit by trained research assistants who were unaware of maltreatment status or intervention group assignments.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, groups differed on family size, F (3, 188) = 38.82, p < .001, such that mothers in each of the maltreatment groups had given birth to more children than had mothers in the NC group (all p < .05).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
plaincorrelationaln = 189- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all, 32 (60.4%) of the dyads randomly assigned to CPP and 24 (48.9%) of the dyads assigned to PPI participated in the interventions.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Treatment Compliance and Attrition
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children’s attachment at pre-intervention was coded by two independent, reliably trained raters, who were unaware of children’s maltreatment statuses or intervention group assignments.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Previous research has shown that child-parent psychotherapy, an attachment theory-informed preventive intervention, is efficacious in fostering secure attachment and reducing rates of disorganized attachment in high-risk children (Cicchetti et al., 2006; Lieberman et al., 1991, 2005, 2006).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti et al., 2006
- Not checked yetcites Lieberman et al., 1991, 2005, 2006
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significantly higher percentage of families in the CS group (33.4%, n = 27) were not available for this assessment than in the other groups. Attrition rates for the CPP (12.5%, n = 4), PPI (8.4%, n = 2) and NC (15.4%, n = 8) groups did not differ.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Treatment Compliance and Attrition
plainn = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Contrasts, with the Holm-Bonferroni correction (Jaccard & Guilamo-Ramos, 2002), were used to test specific study hypotheses.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jaccard & Guilamo-Ramos, 2002
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both the CPP and PPI interventions were manualized and therapists participated in weekly individual and group supervision sessions. Checks on the fidelity of intervention implementation were conducted periodically by reviewing videotapes of sessions and completing fidelity checklists.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, groups differed on high school graduation rate, χ2 (3, N = 189) = 10.37, p = .02, ES =.23, such that mothers in the NC group were more likely to have graduated from high school than were mothers in the maltreatment groups (all p < .05).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
plaincorrelationaln = 189 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This change may assist mothers to more confidently and accurately identify their children’s emotional states and goals and enable them to respond sensitively to their children’s changing attachment-related needs.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conversely, although parenting interventions may be efficacious in promoting secure attachment early in development, the results of this investigation suggest that they may not be effective in sustaining attachment security over time.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As noted by Osofsky and Lieberman (2011), because families do not receive appropriate therapeutic care, young maltreated children often spend extended periods of time in numerous foster care placements and endure repeated failed attempts to be reunited with their biological caregivers.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Osofsky and Lieberman (2011)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These experiences are confusing and distressing to children and may result in the development of negative representations of the self and relationships.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, a high percentage of children with disorganized attachment who did not receive treatment were included in the analyses with children who received treatment when ITT analyses were employed, limiting the ability to detect group differences.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Intention-to-Treat Analyses
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is clear that the children of traumatized mothers derived a sustained benefit from the CPP intervention whereas those in the PPI model did not.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“it is possible that maltreating mothers and/or mothers exposed to multiple environmental stressors associated with poverty may be less in tune with, or willing to acknowledge their children’s behavior problems and therefore be particularly poor reporters of these symptoms (Lau et al., 2006).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Child Behavior Problems
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lau et al., 2006
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, a larger sample would have provided enhanced power and might have allowed a more thorough examination of the potential influence of the interventions on children with insecure-organized versus insecure-disorganized attachment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this is the first investigation to assess the one year sustained impact of child-parent psychotherapy as compared with a psychoeducational parenting intervention on children’s attachment and behavior problems.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By intervening at an early age and targeting the parent-child relationship, attachment security in children can be not only promoted, but also sustained over time.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the therapists who implemented the CPP and PPI interventions received extensive training and supervision in the respective theoretical foundations of the models and treatment adherence.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because the client’s relationship with the therapist is especially important in attachment-oriented treatment, study results may not be replicated in circumstances under which clinicians are not provided adequate time for training, supervision, and client outreach.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, caseloads were limited to allow clinicians to devote considerable time and flexibility for engaging families in treatment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The community standard condition did not include an attachment-focused intervention equivalent to CPP or PPI.
“Families in the CS condition received case management from the DHS, according to their customary approach. Additionally, they received assistance in obtaining referrals to services and resources that may have been more difficult to access outside of the research trial. Service receipt within the CS condition varied from minimal contact to group parent skills training or individual counseling.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Treatment decliners assigned to CPP or PPI who were included in the no-active-treatment comparison group did not receive an active attachment-based intervention.
“Because of the lack of differences, the primary data analytic comparisons involved families that engaged in CPP and PPI and a group that did not receive active treatment which included those randomly assigned to the CS group and those declining CPP or PPI.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nonmaltreated comparison children, despite lacking documented maltreatment, were very likely to have experienced adversity because their families received public assistance.
“a sample of demographically similar nonmaltreated children and their mothers was included to compare treatment outcomes to the functioning of children in families without documented child abuse or neglect but who still received public assistance and thus were very likely to have experienced adversity.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“At one-year post intervention, children in the CPP condition had higher rates of secure attachment (d = .33) and lower rates of disorganized attachment (d = .34) than children in the PPI condition (Pickreign Stronach, Toth, Rogosch, & Cicchetti, 2013).”
From Relational Interventions for Maltreated Children (2017) · cites this paper as Pickreign Stronach, Toth, Rogosch, & Cicchetti, 2013
Statistics that don’t add up
Each reported p-value recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“χ2 (1, N = 189) = 9.41, p <.001”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
Reported p < .001 · recomputed p = .002
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“F (9, 145) = 1.15, p = .32”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
Reported p = .32 · recomputed p = .332
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Doesn’t add upχ²(1) = 9.41reported p < .001 · recomputed p = .002
“χ2 (1, N = 189) = 9.41, p < .001”
- Doesn’t add upF(9, 145) = 1.15reported p = .32 · recomputed p = .332
“F (9, 145) = 1.15, p = .32”
- Consistentt(187) = 3.43reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“t (187) = 3.43, p < .001”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 7.87reported p = .005 · recomputed p = .005
“χ2 (1, N = 189) = 7.87, p = .005”
- ConsistentF(3, 188) = 38.82reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F (3, 188) = 38.82, p < .001”
- Consistentχ²(3) = 10.37reported p = .02 · recomputed p = .016
“χ2 (3, N = 189) = 10.37, p = .02”
- ConsistentF(9, 145) = 0.86reported p = .56 · recomputed p = .563
“F (9, 145) = 0.86, p = .56”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“However, groups differed on family size, F (3, 188) = 38.82, p < .001”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
Reported 188 · recomputed 185
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
“or disorganization (43.6% versus 29.8%), χ2 (1, n = 56) = 1.10, p =.29, ES =.14.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
“However, the CPP group no longer differed significantly on disorganization (40.5%) from the PPI, χ2 (1, n = 81) = 0.08, p =.78, ES =.03, or the CS, χ2 (1, n = 59) = 1.64, p = .20, ES =.17, groups.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Thirty-five percent (n = 65) of mothers met criteria for a lifetime history of PTSD.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
Reported 35 · recomputed 34.391534
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of mentalizing and epistemic trust in the therapeutic relationship.
Fonagy, P., & Allison, E. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0036505 · Cited by 1,101
Cicchetti, D. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033259 · Cited by 459
Self-citationResilience in Development: Progress and Transformation
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2016) · Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy406 · Cited by 416
Self-citationMcCrory, E. J., & Viding, E. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000115 · Cited by 295
Child Maltreatment and Developmental Psychopathology: A Multilevel Perspective
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy311 · Cited by 193
Self-citationDoyle, C., & Cicchetti, D. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12192 · Cited by 204
Self-citationPsychological therapies for children and adolescents exposed to trauma
Gillies, D., Maiocchi, L., Bhandari, A. P., Taylor, F., Gray, C., & O'Brien, L. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012371 · Cited by 143
Relational interventions for child maltreatment: Past, present and future perspectives
Toth, S. L., Gravener-Davis, J. A., Guild, D. J., & Cicchetti, D. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000795 · Cited by 124
“Given the finding that sustained security of attachment was found only in individuals receiving an attachment– theory informed intervention (although the parenting model examined was not short term; Stronach et al., 2013), we believe that issues related to the ideal length of treatment are quite complex and require fu…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationCummings, E. M., & Miller‐Graff, L. E. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414561510 · Cited by 130
“The beginnings of such work have been published, focusing (thus far) on maltreatment and family-wide conflict (Cicchetti et al., 2011; Cummings & Schatz, 2012; Stronach et al., 2013), and these should be extended to include a broader range of social-ecological contexts and evaluations of key mediating processes.”
BackgroundSocial Support and Developmental Psychopathology
Thompson, R. A., Flood, M. F., & Goodvin, R. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939406.ch1 · Cited by 120
Parent-infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health
Barlow, J., Bennett, C., Midgley, N., Larkin, S. K., & Wei, Y. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010534.pub2 · Cited by 126
Developmental Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Implications for Intervention
Toth, S. L., & Manly, J. T. (2018) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12317 · Cited by 105
Self-citationMacdonald, G. M., Livingstone, N., Hanratty, J., McCartan, C. J., Cotmore, R., Cary, M., Glaser, D., Byford, S., Welton, N. J., Bosqui, T. J., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20690 · Cited by 90
Valentino, K., Cummings, E. M., Borkowski, J. G., Hibel, L. C., Lefever, J. B., & Lawson, M. (2019) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000792 · Cited by 75
Relational Interventions for Maltreated Children
Valentino, K. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12735 · Cited by 67
Harden, B. J., Buhler‐Wassmann, A. C., & Parra, L. J. (2016) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838016658878 · Cited by 75
“Children who had received CPP had significantly lower levels of disorganized attachment and higher rates of secure attachment compared to children who had received PPI or the CS (Stronach et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultThe Child Maltreatment Prevention Landscape: Where Are We Now, and Where Should We Go?
Harden, B. J., Simons, C., Johnson‐Motoyama, M., & Barth, R. P. (2020) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716220978361 · Cited by 57
“…risk, including increases in secure attachment and decreases in disorganized attachment among maltreated children (Child Parent Psychotherapy [CPP]: Stronach et al. 2013); reductions in behavior problems and trauma-related symptoms (CPP: Lieberman, Ippen, and Van Horn 2006); and decreases in…”
BackgroundKelly, P. A., Viding, E. M., Puetz, V. B., Palmer, A. L., Mechelli, A., Pingault, J., Samuel, S., & McCrory, E. J. P. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000966 · Cited by 64
Mental health outcomes among child welfare investigated children: In-home versus out-of-home care
Conn, A., Szilagyi, M. A., Jee, S. H., Blumkin, A. K., & Szilagyi, P. G. (2015) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.08.004 · Cited by 51
Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Early Childhood: Birth–5 Years
Clark, G. F., & Kingsley, K. L. (2020) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2020.743001 · Cited by 66
“Some risk factors known to in fl uence mental health and behavior outcomes for children include trauma experience, preterm birth, and developmental disorders (Bul & van Baar, 2012; Stronach et al., 2013).”
Zajac, L. A., Raby, K. L., & Dozier, M. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13146 · Cited by 49
“To our knowledge, no study has examined the efficacy of an early intervention in promoting attachment security beyond 12 months postintervention (Stronach et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialGuild, D. J., Toth, S. L., Handley, E. D., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417000207 · Cited by 48
“These findings are the first to demonstrate the superiority of CPP over alternative interventions for fostering sustained improvements in attachment security (Stronach et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChild Maltreatment in DSM ‐5 and ICD ‐11
Slep, A. M. S., Heyman, R. E., & Foran, H. M. (2015) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12131 · Cited by 54
Effectiveness of attachment based STEEP™ intervention in a German high-risk sample
Suess, G. J., Bohlen, U., Carlson, E. A., Spangler, G., & Maier, M. F. (2016) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2016.1165265 · Cited by 47
“However, 12 months following intervention, there were differential effects of CPP and NFP, with higher rates of secure and lower rates of disorganized attachment in the attachment-based CPP intervention (Pickreign Stronach et al., 2013), indicating that attachment-based intervention focused on representation may be mo…”
BackgroundInfluentialToth, S. L., Sturge‐Apple, M. L., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415001017 · Cited by 44
“In conjunction with prior research with these mother–infant dyads (Cicchetti et al., 2006, 2011; Stronach et al., 2013), these interventions also have been found to be effective in normalizing infant stress physiology and fostering and sustaining improvements in attachment security.”
ResultSelf-citationWright, B., Hackney, L., Hughes, E., Barry, M., Glaser, D., Prior, V., Allgar, V., Marshall, D., Barrow, J., Kirby, N., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180858 · Cited by 34
Kohlhoff, J. R., Lieneman, C. C., Cibralic, S., Traynor, N. M., & McNeil, C. B. (2022) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-022-00405-4 · Cited by 52
“The CPP intervention is supported by four separate RCTs and one follow-up study, including studies conducted by research teams who were uninvolved in the original development of the intervention (Cicchetti et al., 1999, 2006; Stronach et al., 2013; Toth et al., 2006).”
MethodAdvances in Prevention Science: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective
Toth, S. L., Petrenko, C. L. M., Gravener, J. A., & Handley, E. D. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy416 · Cited by 30
Self-citationSuomi, A., Bolton, A., & Pasalich, D. S. (2021) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380211048444 · Cited by 32
“Child Outcomes Only six studies reported data on child wellbeing outcomes (Condon et al., 2019; De Bellis et al., 2001; Eiden et al., 2007; Lünnemann et al., 2019; Schechter et al., 2007; Stronach et al., 2013), and three of them reported child outcomes related to parents’ PTSD symptomatology.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialWright, B., Fearon, P. R. M., Garside, M., Tsappis, E., Amoah, E., Glaser, D., Allgar, V. L., Minnis, H., Woolgar, M., Churchill, R. C., et al. (2023) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/ivcn8847 · Cited by 37
Scharpf, F., Mkinga, G., Neuner, F., Machumu, M., & Hecker, T. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000516 · Cited by 28
Attachment Representations and Autonomic Regulation in Maltreating and Nonmaltreating Mothers
Reijman, S., Alink, L. R. A., Compier-De Block, L. H. C. G., Werner, C. D., Maras, A., Rijnberk, C., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416001036 · Cited by 26
Guild, D. J., Alto, M. E., Handley, E., Rogosch, F., Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00681-0 · Cited by 20
Self-citationSleed, M., Li, E. T., Vainieri, I., & Midgley, N. (2023) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2023.2223739 · Cited by 30
Xu, C. L., & Yan, W. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03809-1 · Cited by 24
“, 2007) suggest that warm, intimate parent–child relationships and family climate are conducive to the development of emotional security and secure attachment in adolescents whereas lowresponsive, negative parenting styles not only lead to higher levels of emotional insecurity in children (Peng et al., 2020; Stronach…”
BackgroundLam, L. T., Rai, A., & Lam, M. K. (2019) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2019.02.002 · Cited by 21
“In recent years, research has expanded to examine the effect of attachment on the mental health and socio-emotional development of young children and their on-going adjustment into adolescence [8-12].”
BackgroundNeuhauser, A., Ramseier, E., Schaub, S., Burkhardt, S. C. A., Templer, F., & Lanfranchi, A. (2015) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2015.07.002 · Cited by 20
Stacks, A. M., Barron, C. C., & Wong, K. (2019) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21785 · Cited by 20
Hillman, S., Hodges, J., Steele, M., Cirasola, A., Asquith, K., & Kaniuk, J. (2020) · Adoption & Fostering · doi:10.1177/0308575920971132 · Cited by 20
It’s All About the Relationship: The Role of Attachment in Child-Parent Psychotherapy
Chu, A. T., Ippen, C. G., & Lieberman, A. F. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00741-5 · Cited by 18
Attachment as a Moderator in the Relation Between Child Maltreatment and Symptoms of Depression
Nowalis, S., Godleski, S. A., & Schenkel, L. S. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520933050 · Cited by 24
“In fact, research examining attachment as a target of intervention with maltreated children has found favorable outcomes (e.g., reduced disorganized attachment, increased secure attachment; Stronach et al., 2013; Valentino, 2017).”
BackgroundThe Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on the Early Caregiving System
Levendosky, A. A., Bogat, G. A., Bernard, N. K., & Garcia, A. M. (2017) · Integrating psychiatry and primary care · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65724-0_3 · Cited by 15
Midlife reversibility of early-established biobehavioral risk factors: A research agenda.
Reiss, D., Nielsen, L. O., Godfrey, K. M., McEwen, B. S., Power, C., Seeman, T. E., & Suomi, S. J. (2019) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000780 · Cited by 15
“putative, treatment-sensitive intervention targets associated with the embedding or persistence of risk from ELA such as adverse parent-child relationships (e.g., Brody, Yu, Chen, Beach, & Miller, 2016; Stronach et al., 2013), rather than from broad-based, multimodal interventions (e.”
BackgroundPernebo, K., Fridell, M., & Almqvist, K. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.05.002 · Cited by 12
Kingsley, K. L., Sagester, G., & Weaver, L. L. (2020) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2020.039768 · Cited by 13
Social Support and Developmental Psychopathology
Thompson, R. A., & Goodvin, R. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy403 · Cited by 14
A Systematic Review of Infant Mental Health Prevention and Treatment Programs
Hare, M. M., Landis, T. D., Hernandez, M. L., & Graziano, P. A. (2023) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2022.2140458 · Cited by 12
“For example, while CPP improved attachment styles in a sample of infants with a history of maltreatment, CPP did not outperform psychoeducation on externalizing or internalizing problems (Cicchetti et al., 2011; Stronach et al., 2013; Toth et al., 2015).”
The benefits of child-parent psychotherapy to marital satisfaction.
(2015) · doi:10.1037/fsh0000149 · Cited by 12
Self-citationParent-infant Psychotherapy for Improving Parental and Infant Mental Health: A Systematic Review
Barlow, J., Bennett, C., Midgley, N., Larkin, S. K., & Wei, Y. (2015) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.4073/csr.2015.6 · Cited by 12
Bergsund, H. B., Drozd, F., Olafsen, K. S., Nilsen, W., Linnerud, S., Kjøbli, J., & Jacobsen, H. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421001164 · Cited by 11
van der Hoeven, M. L., Plukaard, S., Schlattmann, N., Lindauer, R., & Hein, I. M. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107064 · Cited by 13
“Besides Besides, a parenting program alone may not be effective in maintaining results over time (Stronach et al., 2013).”
BackgroundFoster parents’ history of adverse childhood experiences, adult attachment, and parenting stress
Reisz, S., Aviles, A. I., & Adkins, T. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107005 · Cited by 15
Ahmed, R. S., & Shaban, M. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107743 · Cited by 11
Longitudinal Outcomes of Child Parent Psychotherapy: Response to Commentaries
Alto, M. E., Ross, A. J., Handley, E. D., Manly, J. T., Guild, D. J., Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00801-4 · Cited by 10
Self-citationCurcio, A. L., Mak, A. S., & George, A. M. (2018) · Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools · doi:10.1017/jgc.2018.14 · Cited by 10
Kural, A. I., & Özyurt, B. E. (2020) · Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice · doi:10.1177/1521025120962017 · Cited by 9
“Indeed, attachment security can be fostered via related interventions and these interventions associate with various positive outcomes even 12-months after post-interventions (Gillath & Karantzas, 2019; Stronach et al., 2013).”
BackgroundJones, K., Freijah, I., Brennan, S., McKenzie, J. E., Bright, T. M., Fiolet, R., Kamitsis, I., Reid, C. J., Davis, E. C., Andrews, S., et al. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd014874.pub2 · Cited by 11
Liu, A. Y., Gubbels, J., & de Castro, B. O. (2024) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-024-00503-5 · Cited by 12
Alto, M. E., & Petrenko, C. L. M. (2016) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.11.003 · Cited by 11
Bergsund, H. B. (2022) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 7
Transforming the paradigm of child welfare
Cerulli, C., Cicchetti, D., Handley, E. D., Manly, J. T., Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420002138 · Cited by 8
“Improvements in parent– child relationships in maltreating families following CPP intervention were significantly better than those with the provision of parenting skills treatment (Stronach et al., 2013; Toth et al., 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCicchetti, D., Toth, S. L., Nilsen, W., & Manly, J. T. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119095699.ch15 · Cited by 6
Self-citationWaters, S. F., Hagan, M. J., Rivera, L. M., & Lieberman, A. F. (2015) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22043 · Cited by 6
Norlén, A., Thorén, A., & Almqvist, K. (2021) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2021.1925001 · Cited by 6
“…i. e. exposure to domestic violence (Ghosh Ippen et al., 2011; Lieberman et al., 2009, 2006, 2005) maltreatment (Cicchetti et al., 2006, 2011; Stronach et al., 2013; Toth et al., 2015), attachment disorders (Lieberman et al., 1991), and maternal depression (Cicchetti et al., 1999, 2000;…”
BackgroundPreventing the Intergenerational Transmission of Child Maltreatment Through Relational Interventions
Guild, D. J., Alto, M. E., & Toth, S. L. (2016) · Child maltreatment solutions network · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40920-7_8 · Cited by 7
Self-citationDelhalle, M., & Blavier, A. (2023) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2023.05.003 · Cited by 5
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Harden, B. J., Parra, L. J., & Duchene-Kelly, M. (2020) · Child maltreatment · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54314-3_14 · Cited by 5
Stacks, A. M., Wong, K., Barron, C. C., & Ryznar, T. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104332 · Cited by 5
Ponting, C., Tomlinson, R. C., Chu, A. T., & Lieberman, A. F. (2023) · Family Court Review · doi:10.1111/fcre.12766 · Cited by 4
Treatments for child neglect: A scoping review
Erens, B., Wijnen, S., & Simon, E. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107685 · Cited by 3
Comprehensive Interventions to Foster Resilience in Children with Complex Trauma
Blaustein, M. E., & Kinniburgh, K. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14728-9_15 · Cited by 5
Emotional Development and Depression
Palmer, A. R., Lakhan-Pal, S., & Cicchetti, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17332-6_26 · Cited by 8
Self-citationDu, H., Wu, R., Tang, H., Wu, L.-N., Zhang, L.-J., Liu, Z.-H., Li, J., Li, R., Wang, G., Zhou, Y., et al. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Norlén, A., Bäccman, C., Thorén, A., & Almqvist, K. (2024) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2024.2358486 · Cited by 2
“Thus, it has been stated that interventions for maltreated young children should evaluate both attachment and behavioral functioning (Stronach et al., 2013).”
Macdonald, G. M., Alderdice, F. A., Clarke, M. J., Perra, O., Lynn, F. A., McShane, T., & Millen, S. (2018) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-018-0235-2 · Cited by 3
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“Most of the evidence that PIP and other mentalization-based interventions promote children’s attachment development comes from studies with children older than those in the present sample [54] or high-risk mother-child dyads in maltreating families [55, 56].”
Forslund, T., Granqvist, P., Hammarlund, M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Steele, H., Shaver, P. R., Schuengel, C., et al. (2022) · Devenir · doi:10.3917/dev.221.0015 · Cited by 3
Self-citationEl Apego Va a Juicio: Problemas de Custodia y Protección Infantil1
Forslund, T., Granqvist, P., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Hammarlund, M., Schuengel, C., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Steele, H., et al. (2021) · Anuario de Psicología Jurídica · doi:10.5093/apj2021a26 · Cited by 7
“…y metaanálisis que demuestran efectos favorables de la intervención tanto sobre la calidad de cuidados y atenciones (por ejemplo, en relación con la sen-sibilidad, Juffer et al., 2017; Moss et al., 2011) como sobre la calidad del apego infantil (Bernard et al., 2012; Stronach et al., 2013).”
Self-citationIntroducing Evidence-Based Trauma Treatment in Preventive Services: Child-Parent Psychotherapy
Larrieu, J. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64602-2_9 · Cited by 2
Child–Parent Psychotherapy: Acknowledging Ruptures in Safety and Rebuilding the Protective Shield
Ippen, C. G., & Lieberman, A. F. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48631-9_19 · Cited by 2
Dean, R., Rexrode, J., Sandonato, B., Barnes, J., Eckstrom, L. S., & Ohrt, J. H. (2025) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807251384201 · Cited by 1
“Our review of quantitative fi ndings included four studies (Cerezo et al., 2013; Hoye et al., 2020; Pons-Salvador et al., 2014; Weir et al., 2021) and three mixed methods designs (Allen et al., 2014; Stronach et al., 2013; Van der Asdonk et al., 2020).”
InfluentialSwerbenski, H. G., & Russotti, J. M. (2025) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102691 · Cited by 3
Counselors’ Knowledge of Serving the Birth to Six Population
Woodliff, T. A., Jacoby, R. P., & Danielson, R. (2024) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807241235322 · Cited by 1
“IECMH services can also facilitate healthy attachment when attachment concerns may be apparent or probable (Guild et al., 2021; Kindsvatter & Tansey, 2018; Kohlhoff et al., 2020b; Hooper, 2007; Stronach et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMaltraitance et négligence de l’enfant : apport de la théorie de l’attachement
Guédeney, N. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-77630-4.00008-9 · Cited by 1
Assessment of Sleeping, Feeding/Eating, and Attachment Problems in Early Childhood
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“Studies have shown that negative parenting styles can harm adolescents’ emotional security (Peng et al., 2020; Stronach et al., 2013), and harsh, rejecting, and neglectful parenting can reduce adolescents’ sense of security (Ojha & Singh, 1988).”
Maltraitance et négligence de l’enfant : apport de la théorie de l’attachement
Guédeney, N. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-74519-5.00008-7 · Cited by 2
Attending to Infant Mental Health
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Treatments for Child Neglect: A Scoping ReviewPreprint
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Predicting Adolescent Anxiety with Childhood Attachment Disruptions: A Systematic Review
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Centering the Young Child: A Developmental Case for Child Welfare Reform
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Childhood Exposure to Interpersonal Trauma
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stronach, E. P., Toth, S. L., Rogosch, F., & Cicchetti, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stronach, Erin Pickreign
- Toth, Sheree L.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4pt1
- Pages
- 919-930
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- PMC
- PMC3857699
- OpenAlex
- W2149077317
- Semantic Scholar
- e93ce29c3571631ecc7d7b16ae6c19bf0af80377
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 28.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH54643, R01MH054643)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- child abuse, attachment security, disorganized attachment, child-parent psychotherapy, preventive interventions, parenting support, sustained treatment effects, child behavior problems, infants, mothers
- MeSH terms
- Child Abuse, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Parenting, Treatment Outcome
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