The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 91 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 53 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Preventive interventions and sustained attachment security in maltreated children
Open accessAbstract
Thirteen-month-old maltreated infants (n= 137) and their mothers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: child–parent psychotherapy (CPP), psychoeducational parenting intervention (PPI), or community standard (CS). A fourth group of nonmaltreated infants (n= 52) and their mothers served as a nonmaltreated comparison (NC) group. A prior investigation found that the CPP and the PPI groups demonstrated substantial increases in secure attachment at postintervention, whereas this change was not found in the CS and the NC groups. The current investigation involved the analysis of data obtained at a follow-up assessment that occurred 12 months after the completion of treatment. At follow-up, children in the CPP group had higher rates of secure and lower rates of disorganized attachment than did children in the PPI or the CS group. Rates of disorganized attachment did not differ between the CPP and the NC groups. Intention to treat analyses also showed higher rates of secure attachment at follow-up in the CPP group relative to the PPI and the CS groups. However, groups did not differ on disorganized attachment. Both primary and intention to treat analyses demonstrated that maternal-reported child behavior problems did not differ among the four groups at the follow-up assessment. This is the first investigation to demonstrate sustained attachment security in maltreated children 12 months after the completion of an attachment theory informed intervention. The findings also suggest that, although effective in the short term, parenting interventions alone may not be effective in maintaining secure attachment in children over time.
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Claims the paper makes
33 Not checked yet · 27 Own result · 24 Own interpretation · 23 Own method · 3 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intention-to-treat analyses (ITT) also showed higher rates of secure attachment at follow-up in the CPP group relative to the PPI and CS groups.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plainn = 137- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of disorganized attachment did not differ between the CPP and NC groups.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At follow-up, children in the CPP group had higher rates of secure and lower rates of disorganized attachment than did children in the PPI or CS groups.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plaindirectn = 137- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At follow-up, children in the CPP group had higher rates of secure and lower rates of disorganized attachment than did children in the PPI or CS groups.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plaindirectn = 137- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, groups did not differ on disorganized attachment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both primary and ITT analyses demonstrated that maternal reported child behavior problems did not differ among the four groups at the follow-up assessment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the multivariate effect for treatment group on maternal perceptions of children’s behavior problems, Wilks’ λ = .93, F (9, 145) = 1.15, p = .32, was not significant.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and the PPI group (17.9%), χ2 (1, n = 81) = 4.92, p =.03, ES = .25.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
plainn = 81 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The CPP group continued to demonstrate higher rates of secure attachment (40.5%) than the CS group (11.8%), χ2 (1, n = 59) = 4.57, p =.03, ES = .28”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
boostedn = 59 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“lower rates of disorganized attachment, χ2 (1, n = 76) = 3.83, p = .05, ES = .23, at follow-up than did children in the CS group.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
plainn = 76- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- Probably not a substantial claim. 16
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maltreating families recruited for this randomized controlled trial were identified as high-risk and were not seeking treatment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Maltreated children often have difficulty resolving a progression of essential stage-salient developmental issues, such as affect regulation, secure attachment, and autonomous self-development, because their environments fail to provide adequate support to facilitate healthy biological and psychological growth (Cicchetti, 2002; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1995; Cicchetti & Toth, 1995).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti, 2002
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti & Lynch, 1995
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti & Toth, 1995
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Rates of secure attachment in the CPP and PPI groups were significantly higher than in the CS group and did not differ significantly from the NC group.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > Pre-Intervention and Post-Intervention Results (Previously Reported)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti et al., 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“At post-intervention, percentage of disorganized attachment dropped substantially for the CPP and PPI groups whereas infants in the CS group continued to exhibit high rates of disorganization.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > Pre-Intervention and Post-Intervention Results (Previously Reported)
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti et al., 2006
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insecure attachment is associated with a variety of poor developmental outcomes, such as difficulty regulating emotions, poor peer relationships, and language delays (Easterbrooks, Davidson, & Chazan, 1993; Sroufe, 1983; Weinfield, Sroufe, Egeland, & Carlson, 1999).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Caregiver-child Interactions and Child Attachment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Easterbrooks et al., 1993
- Not checked yetcites Sroufe, 1983
- Not checked yetcites Weinfield et al., 1999
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At both the pre-intervention and post-intervention assessments, two raters coded all tapes and disagreements were resolved by conferencing. Inter-rater agreement for the four-category attachment classification system exceeded 88%.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, no study has examined the efficacy of preventive interventions in promoting the maintenance of attachment security beyond the conclusion of treatment or assessed children’s behavioral functioning beyond 6-months post-intervention.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Preventive Interventions for Maltreated Children > Attachment-based interventions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The percentages of disorganized attachment in the CPP and NC groups were consistent with the results of a meta-analytic investigation of disorganized attachment in low SES samples, approximately 25%, whereas disorganized attachment in the PPI and CS groups were at or above rates typically seen in maltreated children who have not received intervention, approximately 48% (van IJzendoorn et al., 1999”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites van IJzendoorn et al., 1999
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The nonmaltreated comparison children, despite lacking documented maltreatment, were very likely to have experienced adversity because their families received public assistance.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a sample of demographically similar nonmaltreated children and their mothers was included to compare treatment outcomes to the functioning of children in families without documented child abuse or neglect but who still received public assistance and thus were very likely to have experienced adversity.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children’s attachment at follow-up was coded independently by coders who had not coded earlier tapes and who achieved criterion-level reliability with expert coders on a separate sample of tapes. Neither of the coders was aware of children’s maltreatment statuses, treatment conditions, or attachment classifications at previous assessments.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall agreement for the standard classifications (A, B, C, D), calculated on 30% of the sample, was 77.7 % (κ = .70). Agreement between secure (B) and insecure/disorganized (A, C, D) classifications was 91.1 % (κ = .82). Agreement between organized (A, B, C) and disorganized (D) classifications was 80% (κ = .60).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the onset of the intervention, groups did not differ on child gender, maternal age, maternal minority race/ethnicity, TANF receipt, income, or marital status.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
plainn = 189- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Demographic and diagnostic interviews, as well as a variety of self-report measures were administered to mothers during the home visit by trained research assistants who were unaware of maltreatment status or intervention group assignments.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, groups differed on family size, F (3, 188) = 38.82, p < .001, such that mothers in each of the maltreatment groups had given birth to more children than had mothers in the NC group (all p < .05).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
plaincorrelationaln = 189- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all, 32 (60.4%) of the dyads randomly assigned to CPP and 24 (48.9%) of the dyads assigned to PPI participated in the interventions.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Treatment Compliance and Attrition
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children’s attachment at pre-intervention was coded by two independent, reliably trained raters, who were unaware of children’s maltreatment statuses or intervention group assignments.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Previous research has shown that child-parent psychotherapy, an attachment theory-informed preventive intervention, is efficacious in fostering secure attachment and reducing rates of disorganized attachment in high-risk children (Cicchetti et al., 2006; Lieberman et al., 1991, 2005, 2006).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cicchetti et al., 2006
- Not checked yetcites Lieberman et al., 1991, 2005, 2006
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significantly higher percentage of families in the CS group (33.4%, n = 27) were not available for this assessment than in the other groups. Attrition rates for the CPP (12.5%, n = 4), PPI (8.4%, n = 2) and NC (15.4%, n = 8) groups did not differ.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Treatment Compliance and Attrition
plainn = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Contrasts, with the Holm-Bonferroni correction (Jaccard & Guilamo-Ramos, 2002), were used to test specific study hypotheses.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jaccard & Guilamo-Ramos, 2002
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both the CPP and PPI interventions were manualized and therapists participated in weekly individual and group supervision sessions. Checks on the fidelity of intervention implementation were conducted periodically by reviewing videotapes of sessions and completing fidelity checklists.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, groups differed on high school graduation rate, χ2 (3, N = 189) = 10.37, p = .02, ES =.23, such that mothers in the NC group were more likely to have graduated from high school than were mothers in the maltreatment groups (all p < .05).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
plaincorrelationaln = 189 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This change may assist mothers to more confidently and accurately identify their children’s emotional states and goals and enable them to respond sensitively to their children’s changing attachment-related needs.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conversely, although parenting interventions may be efficacious in promoting secure attachment early in development, the results of this investigation suggest that they may not be effective in sustaining attachment security over time.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As noted by Osofsky and Lieberman (2011), because families do not receive appropriate therapeutic care, young maltreated children often spend extended periods of time in numerous foster care placements and endure repeated failed attempts to be reunited with their biological caregivers.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Osofsky and Lieberman (2011)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These experiences are confusing and distressing to children and may result in the development of negative representations of the self and relationships.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, a high percentage of children with disorganized attachment who did not receive treatment were included in the analyses with children who received treatment when ITT analyses were employed, limiting the ability to detect group differences.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Intention-to-Treat Analyses
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is clear that the children of traumatized mothers derived a sustained benefit from the CPP intervention whereas those in the PPI model did not.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“it is possible that maltreating mothers and/or mothers exposed to multiple environmental stressors associated with poverty may be less in tune with, or willing to acknowledge their children’s behavior problems and therefore be particularly poor reporters of these symptoms (Lau et al., 2006).”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Child Behavior Problems
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lau et al., 2006
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, a larger sample would have provided enhanced power and might have allowed a more thorough examination of the potential influence of the interventions on children with insecure-organized versus insecure-disorganized attachment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this is the first investigation to assess the one year sustained impact of child-parent psychotherapy as compared with a psychoeducational parenting intervention on children’s attachment and behavior problems.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By intervening at an early age and targeting the parent-child relationship, attachment security in children can be not only promoted, but also sustained over time.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the therapists who implemented the CPP and PPI interventions received extensive training and supervision in the respective theoretical foundations of the models and treatment adherence.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because the client’s relationship with the therapist is especially important in attachment-oriented treatment, study results may not be replicated in circumstances under which clinicians are not provided adequate time for training, supervision, and client outreach.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, caseloads were limited to allow clinicians to devote considerable time and flexibility for engaging families in treatment.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Discussion > Study Limitations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The community standard condition did not include an attachment-focused intervention equivalent to CPP or PPI.
“Families in the CS condition received case management from the DHS, according to their customary approach. Additionally, they received assistance in obtaining referrals to services and resources that may have been more difficult to access outside of the research trial. Service receipt within the CS condition varied from minimal contact to group parent skills training or individual counseling.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Treatment decliners assigned to CPP or PPI who were included in the no-active-treatment comparison group did not receive an active attachment-based intervention.
“Because of the lack of differences, the primary data analytic comparisons involved families that engaged in CPP and PPI and a group that did not receive active treatment which included those randomly assigned to the CS group and those declining CPP or PPI.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nonmaltreated comparison children, despite lacking documented maltreatment, were very likely to have experienced adversity because their families received public assistance.
“a sample of demographically similar nonmaltreated children and their mothers was included to compare treatment outcomes to the functioning of children in families without documented child abuse or neglect but who still received public assistance and thus were very likely to have experienced adversity.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“At one-year post intervention, children in the CPP condition had higher rates of secure attachment (d = .33) and lower rates of disorganized attachment (d = .34) than children in the PPI condition (Pickreign Stronach, Toth, Rogosch, & Cicchetti, 2013).”
From Relational Interventions for Maltreated Children (2017) · cites this paper as Pickreign Stronach, Toth, Rogosch, & Cicchetti, 2013
Statistics that don’t add up
Each reported p-value recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“χ2 (1, N = 189) = 9.41, p <.001”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
Reported p < .001 · recomputed p = .002
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“F (9, 145) = 1.15, p = .32”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
Reported p = .32 · recomputed p = .332
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Doesn’t add upχ²(1) = 9.41reported p < .001 · recomputed p = .002
“χ2 (1, N = 189) = 9.41, p < .001”
- Doesn’t add upF(9, 145) = 1.15reported p = .32 · recomputed p = .332
“F (9, 145) = 1.15, p = .32”
- Consistentt(187) = 3.43reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“t (187) = 3.43, p < .001”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 7.87reported p = .005 · recomputed p = .005
“χ2 (1, N = 189) = 7.87, p = .005”
- ConsistentF(3, 188) = 38.82reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F (3, 188) = 38.82, p < .001”
- Consistentχ²(3) = 10.37reported p = .02 · recomputed p = .016
“χ2 (3, N = 189) = 10.37, p = .02”
- ConsistentF(9, 145) = 0.86reported p = .56 · recomputed p = .563
“F (9, 145) = 0.86, p = .56”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“However, groups differed on family size, F (3, 188) = 38.82, p < .001”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
Reported 188 · recomputed 185
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
“or disorganization (43.6% versus 29.8%), χ2 (1, n = 56) = 1.10, p =.29, ES =.14.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Results > 12-month Follow-up Results
“However, the CPP group no longer differed significantly on disorganization (40.5%) from the PPI, χ2 (1, n = 81) = 0.08, p =.78, ES =.03, or the CS, χ2 (1, n = 59) = 1.64, p = .20, ES =.17, groups.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Thirty-five percent (n = 65) of mothers met criteria for a lifetime history of PTSD.”
§ Preventive Interventions and Sustained Attachment Security in Maltreated Children > Method > Participants
Reported 35 · recomputed 34.391534
Citations
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VAN IJZENDOORN, M. H., SCHUENGEL, C., & BAKERMANS–KRANENBURG, M. J. (1999) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579499002035 · Cited by 1,625 · cited 2×
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BackgroundFraiberg, S., Adelson, E., & Shapiro, V. (1975) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61442-4 · Cited by 1,574
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“As a result, difficulties in resolving early tasks of development increase the probability of subsequent maladaptation (Cicchetti, 1993; Sroufe & Rutter, 1984).”
BackgroundFearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A.-M., & Roisman, G. I. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x · Cited by 1,326
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“Randomized controlled trials have shown that parenting interventions reduce children’s behavior problems over time (Beauchaine, Webster-Stratton, & Reid, 2005; Forgatch, Patterson, DeGarmo, & Beldavs, 2009; Olds et al., 1998).”
BackgroundA Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Child Abuse and Neglect
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199505000-00008 · Cited by 1,072 · cited 1×
“…developmental issues, such as affect regulation, secure attachment, and autonomous self-development, because their environments fail to provide adequate support to facilitate healthy biological and psycho- logical growth (Cicchetti, 2002; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1995; Cicchetti & Toth, 1995).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBornstein, M. H. (2002) · Cited by 1,034
Child neglect: developmental issues and outcomes☆
Hildyard, K. L., & Wolfe, D. A. (2002) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00341-1 · Cited by 994 · cited 1×
“It is well established that child maltreatment places children at risk for developing internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (Hildyard & Wolfe, 2002; Kim & Cicchetti, 2003; Manly, Kim, Rogosch, & Cicchetti, 2001; Shonk & Cicchetti, 2001; Toth, Cicchetti, Macfie, Rogosch, & Maughan, 2000).”
BackgroundCyr, C., Euser, E. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2010) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409990289 · Cited by 910
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144029 · Cited by 861
Self-citationDefining child maltreatment: The interface between policy and research
Cicchetti, D. (1993) · Cited by 859
Self-citationMain, M., & Cassidy, J. (1988) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.415 · Cited by 809 · cited 1×
“The majority of infants with disorganized attachment adopt controlling, role-reversed, or punitive behaviors as they get older (Main & Cassidy, 1988; Moss, Cyr, & Dubois-Comtois, 2004).”
BackgroundThe Emergence of Developmental Psychopathology
Cicchetti, D. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129830 · Cited by 791 · cited 1×
“In accord with the developmental psychopathology perspective (Cicchetti, 1984, 1993; Sroufe & Rutter, 1984), disrupted attachment relationships with parents not only deprive young children of opportunities to master stage-salient developmental tasks of infancy but also negatively impact subsequent…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMANLY, J. T., KIM, J. E., ROGOSCH, F. A., & CICCHETTI, D. (2001) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579401004023 · Cited by 789
Self-citationLieberman, A. F., Horn, P. V., & Ippen, C. G. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000181047.59702.58 · Cited by 637 · cited 3×
“, 2011) and in children who have been exposed to domestic violence (Lieberman et al., 2005).”
BackgroundEgeland, B. R., Jacobvitz, D. B., & Sroufe, L. A. (1988) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03260.x · Cited by 626
Egeland, B., Jacobvitz, D., & Sroufe, L. A. (1988) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130274 · Cited by 600
Fostering secure attachment in infants in maltreating families through preventive interventions
CICCHETTI, D., ROGOSCH, F. A., & TOTH, S. L. (2006) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579406060329 · Cited by 598 · cited 11×
“Cicchetti et al. (2006) reported that after approximately 12 months of treatment, an attachment theory informed and a psychoeducational parenting intervention (PPI) were equally effective in promoting secure attachment and reducing rates of disorganized attachment in maltreated infants relative to…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationLyons-Ruth, K., Bronfman, E., & Parsons, E. (2003) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/1540-5834.00034 · Cited by 581
Hesse, E., & Main, M. (2006) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579406060172 · Cited by 539 · cited 1×
“…(e.g., harsh, frightened, or dissociated) or inconsistent manner, the infant is likely to form an insecure or disorganized attachment (George, Cummings, & Davies, 2010; Hesse & Main, 2006; Isabella, 1993; Lyons-Ruth, Bronfman, & Parsons, 1999; Madigan, Moran, & Pederson, 2006; Main & Hesse, 1990).”
Developmental Psychopathology: Reactions, Reflections, Projections
Cicchetti, D. (1993) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1006/drev.1993.1021 · Cited by 535 · cited 4×
“As a result, difficulties in resolving early tasks of development increase the probability of subsequent maladaptation (Cicchetti, 1993; Sroufe & Rutter, 1984).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationIntergenerational transmission of abuse: A two-generational prospective study of an at-risk sample
Pears, K. C., & Capaldi, D. M. (2001) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(01)00286-1 · Cited by 493 · cited 1×
“…more likely to demonstrate poor parenting practices or to maltreat their own children than are parents who were not maltreated (Cort, Toth, Cerulli, & Rogosch, 2011; Egeland, Jacobvitz, & Sroufe, 1988; Lyons-Ruth & Block, 1996; Pears & Capaldi, 2001), thus sustaining a cycle of abuse and neglect.”
BackgroundLyons‐Ruth, K., Connell, D. B., Grunebaum, H. U., & Botein, S. (1990) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02762.x · Cited by 476 · cited 1×
“Improvements in infant development, parent–child interactions, and maternal sensitivity measured at pre and postintervention also have been documented in high-risk children using attachment-based treatment models (Bernard et al., 2012; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1990; Osofsky et al., 2007).”
BackgroundCosts of Health Care Use by Women HMO Members With a History of Childhood Abuse and Neglect
Walker, E. A., Unützer, J., Rutter, C. M., Gelfand, A. N., Saunders, K. W., VonKorff, M., Koss, M. P., & Katon, W. J. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.609 · Cited by 457 · cited 1×
“Preestablished cutoffs calculated from the CTQ-SF subscale scores were used to determine maternal history of maltreatment (Simon et al., 2009; Walker et al., 1999).”
MethodBeauchaine, T. P., Webster-Stratton, C., & Reid, M. J. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.3.371 · Cited by 454 · cited 1×
“Beauchaine et al. (2005) summarized findings from a set of six different outcome studies of a didactic parenting intervention.”
BackgroundChild-Parent Psychotherapy: 6-Month Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
LIEBERMAN, A. F., GHOSH IPPEN, C., & VAN HORN, P. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000222784.03735.92 · Cited by 452 · cited 2×
“Lieberman et al. (2006) demonstrated that the positive effects of attachment-oriented intervention on children’s behavior were maintained up to 6 months after the conclusion of intervention.”
BackgroundEnhancing Attachment Organization Among Maltreated Children: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Bernard, K., Dozier, M., Bick, J., Lewis-Morrarty, E., Lindhiem, O., & Carlson, E. (2012) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01712.x · Cited by 430 · cited 1×
“Improvements in infant development, parent–child interactions, and maternal sensitivity measured at pre and postintervention also have been documented in high-risk children using attachment-based treatment models (Bernard et al., 2012; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1990; Osofsky et al., 2007).”
BackgroundFrightening maternal behavior linking unresolved loss and disorganized infant attachment.
Schuengel, C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.1.54 · Cited by 419
Maltreatment, competency deficits, and risk for academic and behavioral maladjustment.
Shonk, S. M., & Cicchetti, D. (2001) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.1.3 · Cited by 416 · cited 1×
“It is well established that child maltreatment places children at risk for developing internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (Hildyard & Wolfe, 2002; Kim & Cicchetti, 2003; Manly, Kim, Rogosch, & Cicchetti, 2001; Shonk & Cicchetti, 2001; Toth, Cicchetti, Macfie, Rogosch, & Maughan, 2000).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLyons-Ruth, K., Easterbrooks, M. A., & Cibelli, C. D. (1997) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.681 · Cited by 388 · cited 1×
“In addition, evidence links insecure attachment, particularly avoidant and disorganized attachment, with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Lyons-Ruth et al., 1997; Munson, McMahon, & Spieker, 2001).”
BackgroundPreventive Intervention and Outcome with Anxiously Attached Dyads
Lieberman, A. F., Weston, D. R., & Pawl, J. H. (1991) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01525.x · Cited by 381 · cited 2×
“Previous research has shown that CPP, an attachment theory informed preventive intervention, is efficacious in fostering secure attachment and reducing rates of disorganized attachment in high-risk children (Cicchetti et al., 2006; Lieberman et al., 1991, 2005, 2006).”
BackgroundMoss, E., Dubois-Comtois, K., Cyr, C., Tarabulsy, G. M., St-Laurent, D., & Bernier, A. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000738 · Cited by 372 · cited 6×
“Empirical evidence supports the utilization of attachmentbased preventive interventions in improving outcomes for maltreated and high-risk children (Cicchetti et al., 2006; Lieberman, Ghosh Ippen, & Van Horn, 2006; Lieberman, Van Horn, & Ghosh Ippen, 2005; Lieberman, Weston, & Pawl, 1991; Lyons-Ruth, Connell, Grunebau…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTurk, J., GRAHAM, P. J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199216697.003.0004 · Cited by 369
Toth, S. L., Maughan, A., Manly, J. T., Spagnola, M., & Cicchetti, D. (2002) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457940200411x · Cited by 329 · cited 3×
“In a randomized controlled trial with maltreated children, Toth et al. (2002) reported that an attachment theory informed preventive intervention was efficacious in reducing negative maternal and self-representations and increasing children’s positive expectations of the mother–child relationship.”
BackgroundSelf-citationToth, S. L., Rogosch, F. A., Manly, J. T., & Cicchetti, D. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.6.1006 · Cited by 329
Self-citationAttachment at school age and academic performance.
Moss, E., & St‐Laurent, D. (2001) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.6.863 · Cited by 327 · cited 1×
“Secure attachment in infants is positively associated with long-term outcomes such as psychosocial adaptation, school success, and the avoidance of psychopathology (Bureau, Easterbrooks, & Lyons-Ruth, 2009; Lyons-Ruth, Easterbrooks, & Cibelli, 1997; Moss & St.-Laurent, 2001).”
BackgroundOrigins of Attachment: Maternal Interactive Behavior across the First Year
Isabella, R. A. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02931.x · Cited by 324 · cited 2×
“, harsh, frightened, or dissociated) or inconsistent manner, the infant is likely to form an insecure or disorganized attachment (George, Cummings, & Davies, 2010; Hesse & Main, 2006; Isabella, 1993; Lyons-Ruth, Bronfman, & Parsons, 1999; Madigan, Moran, & Pederson, 2006; Main & Hesse, 1990).”
Banyard, V. L., Williams, L. M., & Siegel, J. A. (2003) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559503257106 · Cited by 304
Attachment organization in maltreated preschoolers
Cicchetti, D., & Barnett, D. (1991) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400007598 · Cited by 284 · cited 1×
“Thus, child maltreatment is one of the most robust predictors of insecure and disorganized attachment (Barnett, Ganiban, & Cicchetti, 1999; Cicchetti & Barnett, 1991; Cicchetti, Rogosch, & Toth, 2006; Cicchetti, Toth, & Lynch, 1995; Lyons-Ruth, Connell, Zoll, & Stahl, 1987; van IJzendoorn,…”
Self-citationLyons-Ruth, K., Connell, D. B., Grunebaum, H. U., & Botein, S. (1990) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131049 · Cited by 281
The impact of cumulative maternal trauma and diagnosis on parenting behavior
Cohen, L. R., Hien, D. A., & Batchelder, S. (2008) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559507310045 · Cited by 268
Preventive Intervention and Outcome with Anxiously Attached Dyads
(1991) · doi:10.2307/1130715 · Cited by 258
Handbook of Parenting : Volume 4 Social Conditions and Applied Parenting
Bornstein, M. H. (2005) · Cited by 249
Lyons-Ruth, K., Connell, D. B., Zoll, D., & Stahl, J. (1987) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.23.2.223 · Cited by 248
Jaccard, J., & Guilamo-Ramos, V. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3101_15 · Cited by 248 · cited 1×
“Contrasts, with the Holm–Bonferroni correction (Jaccard & Guilamo-Ramos, 2002), were used to test specific study hypotheses.”
MethodTesting the Oregon delinquency model with 9-year follow-up of the Oregon Divorce Study
Forgatch, M. S., Patterson, G. R., DeGarmo, D. S., & Beldavs, Z. G. (2009) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409000340 · Cited by 246 · cited 1×
“Similarly, Forgatch et al. (2009) reported that a parent training intervention, with no direct intervention on the target child, led to fewer teacher-reported behavior problems and fewer arrests up to 9 years postintervention in boys from divorced families.”
BackgroundMoss, E., Cyr, C., & Dubois-Comtois, K. (2004) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.4.519 · Cited by 234
Can Home Visitation Improve the Health of Women and Children at Environmental Risk?
Olds, D. L. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429045318-9 · Cited by 227 · cited 1×
“The PPI preventive intervention was modeled after a program whereby nurses visited the homes of low-income mothers to provide education about infant physical and psychological development (Olds & Kitzman, 1990).”
MethodMadigan, S. L., Moran, G., & Pederson, D. R. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.293 · Cited by 203 · cited 2×
“Such responses elicit fear and disorientation in children, often undermining the security and organization of their attachment relationships (Abrams, Rifkin, & Hesse, 2006; Ballen, Bernier, Moss, Tarabulsy, & St.-Laurent, 2010; Madigan et al., 2006; Schuengel, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 1999).”
BackgroundOrigins of Attachment: Maternal Interactive Behavior across the First Year
(1993) · doi:10.2307/1131272 · Cited by 194
Cicchetti, D. (2002) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/s0885-2014(02)00121-1 · Cited by 188 · cited 3×
“Maltreated children often have difficulty resolving a progression of essential stage-salient developmental issues, such as affect regulation, secure attachment, and autonomous self-development, because their environments fail to provide adequate support to facilitate healthy biological and psychological growth (Cicche…”
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“Preestablished cutoffs calculated from the CTQ-SF subscale scores were used to determine maternal history of maltreatment (Simon et al., 2009; Walker et al., 1999).”
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Fonagy, P., & Allison, E. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0036505 · Cited by 1,101
Cicchetti, D. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033259 · Cited by 459
Self-citationResilience in Development: Progress and Transformation
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2016) · Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy406 · Cited by 416
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stronach, E. P., Toth, S. L., Rogosch, F., & Cicchetti, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stronach, Erin Pickreign
- Toth, Sheree L.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4pt1
- Pages
- 919-930
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- PMC
- PMC3857699
- OpenAlex
- W2149077317
- Semantic Scholar
- e93ce29c3571631ecc7d7b16ae6c19bf0af80377
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 28.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH54643, R01MH054643)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- child abuse, attachment security, disorganized attachment, child-parent psychotherapy, preventive interventions, parenting support, sustained treatment effects, child behavior problems, infants, mothers
- MeSH terms
- Child Abuse, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Parenting, Treatment Outcome
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