The effects of visitor density on sika deer(Cervus nippon)behaviour in Zhu-Yu-Wan Park, China
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Abstract Visitors to zoos are a source of potential stress to certain captive-housed animals. Much research has focused on Europe and America, whereas the effect of human audiences on the behaviour of captive animals in Chinese parks has so far not been investigated. Sika deer(Cervus nippon)housed in Zhu-Yu-Wan Park, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, were studied to determine the effect of different visitor density levels on the animals’ activity. From June 21 to December 10, 2006, and again from February 21 to July 10, 2007, 21 subjects were observed for 10 h per week for a total of 44 weeks. Continuous focal animal sampling was used to quantify behaviours, and visitor density was recorded every minute. Friedman's tests were used to examine the effects of visitor density on the behaviour of sika deer. Results showed that high visitor density was significantly related to foraging, resting, watching and ‘non-visible’ behaviours. The findings demonstrate that high numbers of visitors have an effect on the welfare of sika deer.
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An increase in the time spent alert to visitors was detected in gorillas, kangaroos, sika deer, koalas and Soemmerring's gazelle in response to higher numbers of visitors.
“An increase in the time spent alert to visitors was detected in various species including gorillas [61], kangaroos [86], sika deer [87], koalas [78] and Soemmerring’s gazelle [88] in response to higher numbers of visitors.”
From The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [87]
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The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare
Sherwen, S. L., & Hemsworth, P. H. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9060366 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
A Case Study: The Effect of Visitors on Two Captive Pumas With Respect to the Time of the Day
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- Authors
- Shen-Jin, L., Todd, P., Yan, Y., Lin, Y., Hongmei, F., & Wan-Hong, W.
- Affiliations
- Linyi University (CN)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Yangzhou University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Shen-Jin, L
- Venue
- Animal Welfare
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61-65
- ISSN
- 0962-7286 (ISSN-L)
- 2054-1538
- OpenAlex
- W2382768974
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2024: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- dx.doi.org
- Locations
- Animal Welfare (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- sika deer, visitor density, captive animal behavior, zoo animal welfare, human disturbance, foraging behavior, resting behavior
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