Correlates of objective and subjective measures of caregiver burden among dementia caregivers: influence of unmet patient and caregiver dementia-related care needs
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This study examines the relationship of unmet dementia-related care needs of community-dwelling persons, and their caregivers (CGs), to measures of caregiver burden. METHODS: Cross-sectional baseline data were analyzed from participants in a dementia care coordination trial of community-residing persons with dementia (PWD) (n = 254) and their caregivers (n = 246). Participants were recruited from Northwest Baltimore, Maryland. The Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) was used to measure subjective caregiver burden. Objective burden was measured by estimating the total hours per week spent doing things for the PWD and/or how many hours CGs missed paid work in the prior month due to caregiving responsibilities. The Johns Hopkins Dementia Care Needs Assessment was used to identify unmet dementia-related care needs. Bivariate and multivariate linear regressions examined the relationship of unmet needs, demographic, clinical, or functional characteristics with caregiver burden measures. RESULTS: In adjusted multivariable models, patient neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver unmet emotional needs explained 22% of the variance in ZBI scores. In adjusted multivariable models, caregiver need for respite, patient functional dependency, and caregiver unmet specialty medical needs explained 26% of the variance in the hours per week spent caregiving. PWD's level of functional dependency was the sole correlate of missed time at work, explaining 11% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing potentially modifiable unmet caregiver needs may reduce subjective and objective caregiver burden.
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Most previous results available in literature highlight that caregiver burden is associated with more unmet needs for people with dementia.
“Most previous results available in literature highlight that caregiver burden is associated with more unmet needs for people with dementia [9, 14].”
From Unmet Needs in Dementia Care: The Predictive Role of Caregiver Challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
The Results report that some unmet caregiver needs were associated with caregiver burden. However, the adjusted models do not identify unmet needs of people with dementia as correlates, and the Discussion describes examining these unmet needs as a novel contribution rather than a finding of most previous studies. Our copy provides section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWhen caregivers experience high levels of stress or psychological distress, they may find it difficult to effectively address the needs of people with dementia.
“When caregivers experience high levels of stress or psychological distress, they may find it difficult to effectively address the needs of PWD [9, 10].”
From Unmet Needs in Dementia Care: The Predictive Role of Caregiver Challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
The Introduction (page not available) says caregiver burden is linked to outcomes for people with dementia and that reducing burden will likely lessen adverse outcomes. The Discussion (page not available) also links escalating stress with caregivers’ mental and physical health problems. Neither passage establishes that stress or psychological distress makes caregivers less able to meet the needs of people with dementia; the paper’s analysis focuses on how unmet needs relate to caregiver burden. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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- Authors
- Hughes, T. B., Black, B. S., Albert, M., Gitlin, L. N., Johnson, D. M., Lyketsos, C. G., & Samus, Q. M.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Samus, Quincy M.
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1875-1883
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4283462
- OpenAlex
- W2085222118
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 5.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG027668)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH085142)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- caregiver burden, dementia caregivers, unmet care needs, objective burden, subjective burden, Zarit Burden Inventory, neuropsychiatric symptoms, respite care, functional dependencies
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia, Female, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Baltimore, Caregivers, Cost of Illness
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