Conceptualization of Agitation: Results Based on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and the Agitation Behavior Mapping Instrument
Open accessAbstract
Many rating scales are available to assess the behavior of patients with dementia. Some of these scales have a broad focus and allow clinicians to rate various domains of function, either directly through patient observation or indirectly through caregiver interviews. Other scales are more specific, such as the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI; Cohen-Mansfield, Marx, & Rosenthal, 1989) and the Agitation Behavior Mapping Instrument (ABMI; Cohen-Mansfield, Werner, & Marx, 1989), which focus exclusively on agitated behaviors. As defined by Cohen-Mansfield and Billig (1986), agitation is inappropriate verbal, vocal, or motor activity that is not judged by an outside observer to result directly from the needs or confusion of the agitated person. Data gathered by using the CMAI and the ABMI have provided valuable insight into the subtypes of agitation, correlates of agitated behaviors, and the relationships between subtypes of agitation and cognitive functioning.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other research demonstrated that boredom and inactivity lead to behavior problems and with increased recreational opportunity behavior improved.
“Other research demonstrated that boredom and inactivity lead to behavior problems and with increased recreational opportunity behavior improved.12,19,21”
From AD-venture program: Therapeutic biking for the treatment of depression in long-term care residents with dementia (2002) · cites this paper as [21]
Cites
Environmental influences on agitation: an integrative summary of an observational study
Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Werner, P. (1995) · American Journal of Alzheimer's Care and Related Disorders & Research · doi:10.1177/153331759501000108 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationObservational data on time use and behavior problems in the nursing home
Cohen-Mansfield, J., Marx, M. S., & Werner, P. (1992) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/073346489201100109 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dementia prevention, intervention, and care
Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31363-6 · Cited by 6,072 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Citalopram on Agitation in Alzheimer Disease: The CitAD Randomized Clinical Trial
Porsteinsson, A. P., Drye, L. T., Pollock, B. G., Devanand, D. P., Frangakis, C., Ismail, Z., Marano, C., Meinert, C. L., Mintzer, J. E., Munro, C. A., et al. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.93 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Ballard, C. G., O'Brien, J. T., Reichelt, K., & Perry, E. K. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v63n0703 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: what might be associated brain circuits?
Rosenberg, P. B., Nowrangi, M. A., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2015) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2015.05.005 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Cooke, M. L., Moyle, W., Shum, D. H. K., Harrison, S. D., & Murfield, J. E. (2010) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607861003713190 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Livingston, G., Barber, J., Marston, L., Rapaport, P., Livingston, D., Cousins, S., Robertson, S., La Frenais, F., & Cooper, C. (2017) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.117.005181 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
Mühlbauer, V., Möhler, R., Dichter, M. N., Zuidema, S. U., Köpke, S., & Luijendijk, H. J. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013304.pub2 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Sano, M., Cummings, J., Auer, S., Bergh, S., Fischer, C. E., Gerritsen, D., Grossberg, G., Ismail, Z., Lanctôt, K., Lapid, M. I., et al. (2024) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610222001041 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Agitation-associated behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia
Van der Mussele, S., Le Bastard, N., Saerens, J., Somers, N., Mariën, P., Goeman, J., De Deyn, P. P., & Engelborghs, S. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.924900 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Buettner, L. L., & Fitzsimmons, S. (2002) · American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/153331750201700205 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Validation of noninvasive body sensor network technology in the detection of agitation in dementia
Bankole, A., Anderson, M., Smith-Jackson, T., Knight, A., Oh, K., Brantley, J., Barth, A., & Lach, J. (2012) · American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317512452036 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Change in agitation in Alzheimer's disease in the placebo arm of a nine-week controlled trial
Rosenberg, P. B., Drye, L. T., Porsteinsson, A. P., Pollock, B. G., Devanand, D. P., Frangakis, C., Ismail, Z., Marano, C., Meinert, C. L., Mintzer, J. E., et al. (2015) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610215001106 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cohen-Mansfield, J.
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-05
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 309-315
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996711783
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG000547)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Keywords
- agitation, dementia, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, behavior rating scales, motor agitation, cognitive function
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aggression, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Humans, Neurologic Examination, Neuropsychological Tests, Personality Assessment, Psychomotor Agitation, Social Behavior Disorders, Social Environment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
