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Socially anxious primary care patients' attitudes toward cognitive bias modification (CBM): A qualitative study
Open accessAbstract
Background:Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a novel treatment for anxiety disorders that utilizes computerized tasks to train attention and interpretation biases away from threat. To date, attitudes toward and acceptability of CBM have not been systematically examined.Method:We conducted qualitative interviews with 10 anxious primary care patients to examine attitudes toward and initial impressions of CBM. Interviews explored general impressions, as well as reactions to the treatment rationale and two computer programs, one targeting attention bias and one targeting interpretation bias. Three clinical psychologists independently coded transcripts and collaboratively developed categories and themes guided by grounded theory.Results:A number of facilitators and barriers emerged related to engaging in treatment in general, computerized treatment, and CBM specifically. Participants stated that the written rationale for CBM seemed relevant and helpful. However, after interacting with the attention modification program, participants frequently expressed a lack of understanding about how the program would help with anxiety. Participants reported greater understanding and engagement with the interpretation modification program.Conclusions:Participants reported a number of positive characteristics of CBM, but it may need improvements regarding its treatment rationale and credibility. Future qualitative studies with individuals who complete a CBM treatment are warranted. Implications for future CBM development and dissemination are discussed.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This qualitative study interviewed 10 socially anxious primary care patients about cognitive bias modification (CBM) after a brief rationale and demonstration. Participants saw positives in CBM but often lacked understanding of how the attention-bias task would help anxiety, while they reported greater understanding and engagement with the interpretation-bias task.
Key findings
- Participants identified facilitators and barriers to engaging in treatment in general, computerized treatment, and CBM specifically; the written CBM rationale seemed relevant and helpful, but after trying the attention modification program, many expressed a lack of understanding about how it would help with anxiety.
- Participants preferred the interpretation modification program (CBM-I) over the attention modification program (CBM-A), finding CBM-I more intuitive, fun, and engaging; CBM-A was more often called “weird,” “repetitive and boring,” “frustrating,” and “aggravating.”
- Most participants described the CBM tasks as “easy” and “straightforward,” and most found the commonly used protocol of eight sessions over four weeks acceptable, though some thought more sessions would be needed to reverse longstanding habits.
- A significant theme was the need to understand CBM: participants asked “what was the point of that?” and stated “people need to know why they’re doing something,” especially regarding the CBM-A task.
Methods
- Qualitative interview study with 10 anxious primary care patients recruited from one medium-sized family medicine practice; inclusion required age 18+, clinic patient, LSAS total score ≥ 30, no active psychosis or mania, and English literacy. Of 26 screened, 7 were not socially anxious, 9 did not participate, and 10 completed the interview.
- Semi-structured individual interviews lasted 37 to 57 minutes (M = 46.5, SD = 7.72); participants read a brief CBM rationale, completed brief demonstrations of a CBM-A dot-probe task and a CBM-I task, and discussed impressions.
- Three clinical psychologists independently coded verbatim transcripts using iterative grounded theory, discussed themes collaboratively, and determined saturation after 10 interviews.
Limitations
- Stated: the sample was modest and from one location, lacked ethnic diversity, comprised volunteers, and 9 of 10 had received prior mental health treatment; findings may not generalize to anxious primary care patients who avoid such interactions, to other disorders targeted by CBM, or beyond initial impressions after a brief demonstration rather than completed treatment.
- Stated: participants’ hypothetical beliefs about what they may desire should be interpreted cautiously because attitudes do not always correlate with actual behavior.
- Evident: the Principal Investigator conducted the interviews and had a priori beliefs that participants would find the tasks boring and unusual, which may have influenced interview dynamics, though independent coding and consensus procedures were used.
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83 Own result · 24 Not checked yet · 16 Own interpretation · 11 Own method · 6 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, after interacting with the attention modification program, participants frequently expressed a lack of understanding about how the program would help with anxiety.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants stated that the written rationale for CBM seemed relevant and helpful.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants specifically identified social anxiety symptoms as a barrier.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significant theme emerged around participants’ need to understand CBM.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some participants believed a computer would be helpful because they currently use computers to relax.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“some participants preferred the CBM-I task by default because the CBM-A task was “a little more strange.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, despite these negative reactions, most participants still preferred the CBM-I task.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“most participants cited advantages of a controlled setting.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a lack of credibility of a computer treatment emerged as a barrier.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“many participants discussed feelings of being an outcast or abnormal in relation to seeking treatment.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After trying the CBM tasks, most participants described them as “easy” and “straightforward”.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many participants thought the programs were “weird” and “repetitive and boring.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“feeling that medications were just masking a problem (“just short-circuiting how I really feel”)”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“participants thought the lack of personal contact may be a facilitator for some people.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“during most interviews, participants shared detailed, unsolicited information about their own personal struggle with anxiety.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants disliked medications for various reasons, including: concern about side effects (“It’s hard enough with side effects with medications”)”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many participants stated that they would be more interested in a new treatment if they saw evidence that the treatment works (e.g., testimonials, graphs).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants preferred the CBM-I task because it was intuitive how it might help with anxiety.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Their lack of understanding about the purpose of the tasks and the relevance of the tasks to their anxiety significantly detracted from the programs’ perceived helpfulness.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The description of cognitive biases as ‘habits’ resonated with participants.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, most participants believed that they would try a new treatment regardless of the evidence available because there is always a chance that it might work.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants spontaneously compared the CBM-A and CBM-I tasks.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The coded transcripts revealed participant attitudes and expectations toward three overarching concepts: new treatment for anxiety, computerized treatment, and CBM.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most participants expressed interest in the availability of new and different treatment options.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“some participants stated that the programs, particularly the CBM-A task “didn’t seem very helpful at all.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some participants experienced negative reactions to the CBM-I task.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“many participants believed a computer may be “sterile” and unable to fulfill peoples’ desire for a personal connection.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants found the CBM-A task to be “frustrating” and “aggravating”.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“participants believed that going to a provider’s office provided structure and a quiet place that would not be possible at home.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The CBM tasks peaked the interest and curiosity of several participants to learn how the programs worked.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most participants believed that a program that could help people think more positively would be beneficial.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants also noted that a dislike or discomfort with computers may be a barrier.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants believed that completing a treatment at home would be “a little stressful maybe with family.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prior to seeing the CBM programs, participants expressed assumptions about a computerized treatment. Specifically, they thought the program may be a question and answer format, skills training, or some kind of “brain game.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“several participants believed that a hybrid delivery would be ideal, with initial session(s) taking place in an office with assistance and then transferring treatment to the home”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The familiarity of computers in participants’ lives emerged as a facilitator.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants liked the transportability of computers, specifically the ability to refer back to the treatment when desired.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many participants felt that the rationale sheet described them personally because they always think negatively.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and not wanting to have to take medication forever (“hope that you don’t have to take pills for the rest of your life for this stuff”).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, after a demonstration, participants’ beliefs about CBM’s credibility decreased.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Before seeing the CBM programs, participants found the rationale to be quite relevant and appealing.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants experienced positive and negative aspects of CBM.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“most participants recognized benefits of receiving treatment outside the home, such as the structure and reduced distractions.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants were interested in new treatment options for anxiety, including computerized treatments.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This theme emerged for most participants when they discussed the CBM-A task.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most participants desired to better understand the purpose of the CBM-A task.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several participants identified that social anxiety symptoms and negative labels (e.g., “abnormal”) would prevent them from seeking treatment.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most participants found the most commonly used protocol (i.e., eight sessions over four weeks) acceptable”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants particularly did not understand the relevance of “clicking E’s and F’s.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A hybrid delivery of starting treatment at an office with assistance before transitioning to home repeatedly emerged as an ideal protocol.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, most participants deferred to the “doctor” to tell them what will be most effective.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, many patients do not access these treatments for a number of reasons, such as concerns over side effects (Weisberg, Dyck, Culpepper, & Keller, 2007), patient or therapist unwillingness to engage in exposure therapy, lack of trained therapists (Gunter & Whittal, 2010), and scheduling difficulties (Lovell & Richards, 2000).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Weisberg, Dyck, Culpepper, & Keller, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Gunter & Whittal, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Lovell & Richards, 2000 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, many patients (e.g., 30% to 60%) do not achieve remission with current treatments (Blanco et al., 2003; Hoffman & Mathew, 2008; Hofmann & Whittchen, 2008; Mitte, 2005).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Blanco et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Hoffman & Mathew, 2008
- Not checked yetcites Mitte, 2005
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To date, attitudes toward and acceptability of CBM have not been systematically examined.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · hedged
“To our knowledge, no published studies have systematically and qualitatively examined attitudes toward CBM, nor have any studies examined attitudes at the time of initial presentation of the treatment.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Objectives
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Specifically, two randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated preliminary efficacy of CBM-A for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) (Amir et al., 2009; Schmidt, Richey, Buckner, & Timpano, 2009), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (Amir, Beard, Burns, & Bomyea, 2009), and pathological worry (Hazen, Vasey, & Schmidt, 2009).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Amir et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Schmidt, Richey, Buckner, & Timpano, 2009
- Not checked yetcites Hazen, Vasey, & Schmidt, 2009
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, quantitative self-report measures do not provide in depth information about participants’ actual experience with CBM.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Results from both studies suggest that CBM treatments were generally acceptable to patients.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rozenman, Weersing, & Amir, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Beard, et al., in press
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the RCTs to date, drop outs ranged from 0% to 8%.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, only two CBM trials have administered quantitative measures of acceptability.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rozenman, Weersing, & Amir, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Beard, et al., in press
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, when examining acceptability of mental health treatment, a primary care sample is less pre-selected than a mental health treatment sample (e.g., more heterogeneous in attitudes toward mental health treatment, ethnicity, income and resources).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBM is a potentially easily disseminated treatment.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One of the investigators (C.B.) then used the codes to review remaining transcripts and determined that saturation had been reached after 10 interviews.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Method > Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We interpreted this as a behavioral manifestation of participants’ desire to share their story with another person.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, a treatment delivered via a computer seemed intuitive.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These concerns may be especially relevant for socially anxious individuals.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The current results may not generalize to other disorders targeted by CBM (e.g., alcohol dependence)”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“nine of the 10 participants had received some form of mental health treatment in the past.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Similar facilitators emerged related to computerized CBT (CCBT), such as confidentiality and familiarity of computers (Mitchell & Gordon, 2007).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mitchell & Gordon, 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This pattern is contrary to a study of CCBT for depression in which the credibility of CCBT was poor initially, but improved significantly after a demonstration (Mitchell & Gordon, 2007).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mitchell & Gordon, 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although our sample was diverse in gender, age, and occupation, it lacked diversity in ethnicity.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, current findings may not generalize to a subgroup of anxious primary care patients who avoid such interactions, a subgroup for which CBM may be ideally suited.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
hedgedn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 41
- Probably not a substantial claim. 43
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants reported greater understanding and engagement with the interpretation modification program.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compared to the CBM-A task, participants found CBM-I to be more fun and more engaging”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants believed that anxiety symptoms might prevent people from seeking treatment.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They noted that most people do not like to feel like they did something wrong.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most comments related to a hypothetical dislike (e.g., “some people aren’t into computers”), but one participant expressed a personal discomfort with computers.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eight participants reported regular computer use and familiarity, while two participants reported infrequent or limited computer use.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants thought the CBM-I task “was a little more stressful… wanting to be correct”.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants stated that “people need to know why they’re doing something.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“participants stated that computerized treatments may be particularly helpful for people with social anxiety or who have “trouble talking or expressing themselves.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 26 individuals who were screened for initial eligibility, seven were not socially anxious, and nine did not participate (unable to contact (n=6), unable to schedule (n=2), not interested (n=1)). The remaining 10 participants met the study inclusion criteria and completed the interview”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Method > Participants and Recruitment
plainn = 26- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several participants asked “what was the point of that?” or stated “I don’t understand what it is doing.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most participants felt that the rationale provided made sense and seemed relevant to their experience with anxiety.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants reported using computers for work, playing games, and looking up information, including medical information.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants also believed that going to an office would prevent procrastination about completing the treatment and allow for better engagement”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some participants liked the idea of a new treatment that took a different approach from established therapies and expressed a desire for non-pharmacologic interventions.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They stated that many people have difficulty admitting something is “wrong” or “negative” about themselves.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward new treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some participants had not “really thought of a computer program helping out with that” and could not “imagine how it could help.””
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Others stated that they currently use computers to seek medical information”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward computerized treatment for anxiety
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One participant noted that “you’re really evaluated” by the CBM-I task.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants found the tasks enjoyable and compared the program to a game or puzzle.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While most participants understood the need for repetition to reverse a habit, many still did not think they would complete such a repetitive treatment.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This participant thought that conscious awareness of the programs’ training contingencies might detract from its effect.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although most participants wanted to understand specifically how CBM works, most stated that, due to curiosity and hope, they would still try CBM if they did not know the mechanism of action.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“one participant believed that naiveté about how CBM works may be critical.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“primary care patients’ quotes expressed both positive and negative attitudes toward CBM and suggest important areas for refinement.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“some participants also believed that more sessions would be needed to reverse longstanding habits.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“most participants found the program to be easy and amusing, but some found it boring and strange.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while there were negative reactions to the CBM-I task, participants preferred this task because it was more intuitive and engaging.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants thought the programs might work on an “unconscious level” to “reprogram” their brains.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants also believed that they would engage in a treatment “for as long as it took” to achieve results.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“several participants noted the implicit nature of the programs.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Results > Attitudes toward CBM
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas some participants found the CBM tasks to be boring and strange, others found them to be straightforward and engaging.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“CBM treatment involves computer tasks that directly modify a specific cognitive vulnerability to anxiety via repeated practice on a cognitive task.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants reported a number of positive characteristics of CBM, but it may need improvements regarding its treatment rationale and credibility.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a novel treatment for anxiety disorders that utilizes computerized tasks to train attention and interpretation biases away from threat.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
“Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) is a novel treatment for anxiety that is garnering increasing interest (Beard, 2011).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Objectives
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beard, 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, new treatments that are efficacious, easily disseminated, and more acceptable are needed.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Similar promising findings have been obtained with initial trials of CBM-I in individuals with high trait anxiety (Mathews, Ridgeway, Cook, & Yiend, 2007), socially anxious individuals (Beard & Amir, 2008), and individuals with GAD or SAD (Beard, Weisberg, & Amir, in press; Brosan, Hoppitt, Shelfer, Sillence, & Mackintosh, 2011).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mathews, Ridgeway, Cook, & Yiend, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Beard & Amir, 2008
- Not checked yetcites Beard, Weisberg, & Amir, in press
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, a number of clinical trials suggest that CBM may be an efficacious treatment for anxiety disorders.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Patients seek treatment first from primary care providers, and are more likely to receive treatment in primary care settings compared to mental health settings (Harman, Rollman, Hanusa, Lenze, & Shear, 2002).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Harman, Rollman, Hanusa, Lenze, & Shear, 2002
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It also may be a more acceptable treatment as it requires less time investment than current psychotherapies and lacks side effects associated with medication.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, social anxiety may be associated with unique barriers to seeking treatment due to the nature of the disorder (e.g., fear of talking to authorities) that may be overcome by CBM, a computerized treatment that does not require clinician administration.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The LSAS has strong psychometric properties (Fresco, Coles, & Heimberg, 2001; Heimberg, Horner, & Juster, 1999) and a total score of 30 has shown good sensitivity and specificity for classifying participants with SAD (Rytwinski et al., 2009).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Method > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fresco, Coles, & Heimberg, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Heimberg, Horner, & Juster, 1999
- Not checked yetcites Rytwinski et al., 2009
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, CBM is computerized; thus, it can be delivered in most settings, including patients’ homes and on-line, and in a highly reliable manner across settings.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Administration of CBM is straightforward, requiring little to no technical knowledge or clinician assistance, making it an easy stepped care, adjunct, or stand-alone treatment that could be delivered via the internet, schools, and primary care settings.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, no published studies have systematically and qualitatively examined attitudes toward CBM, nor have any studies examined attitudes at the time of initial presentation of the treatment.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, participants in that trial were on a waiting list for cognitive therapy, and thus we do not know the effect of participants’ expectancy for further treatment on attrition.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brosan et al., 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, an understanding of this population’s attitudes toward CBM is important because SAD is among the most common psychiatric disorders (Kessler et al., 2005), and many of these individuals do not access existing treatments (Olfson et al., 2000).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kessler et al., 2005
- Not checked yetcites Olfson et al., 2000
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We chose to examine this issue in socially anxious individuals because most of the existing CBM treatments were developed for SAD, and thus, CBM’s efficacy has been demonstrated most strongly for social anxiety to date.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, all participants self-selected to participate in a research study on a computerized treatment, and studies provided participants compensation for attending sessions.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Participants reported that the CBM-A task was ‘boring’; however, they found the CBM-I task to be helpful in stopping them from jumping to negative conclusions.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brosan et al.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, CBM treatments may alter cognitive biases through a more implicit, experiential process compared to the explicit, verbal process of psychotherapy.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies testing CBM in non-anxious and analogue samples suggest that CBM protocols are efficacious in modifying cognitive biases associated with a wide range of psychopathology, e.g., general and social anxiety (see Beard, 2011; Hakamata et al., 2010 for reviews), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Najmi & Amir, 2010), alcohol use (Field & Eastwood, 2005), and eating disorders (Smith & Rieger, 2009).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beard, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Hakamata et al., 2010
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in primary care (e.g., Stein, McQuaid, Laffaye, & McCahill, 1999).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stein, McQuaid, Laffaye, & McCahill, 1999
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Between group effect sizes (0.35 to 1.59) for CBM were solidly in the range of existing treatments for these disorders.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To date, CBM protocols have most often targeted attention bias, i.e., the tendency to selectively attend to threat-relevant information (CBM-A) (e.g., MacLeod et al., 2002), and interpretation bias, i.e., the tendency to interpret stimuli in a negative or threatening manner (CBM-I) (e.g., Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites MacLeod et al., 2002
- Not checked yetcites Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A recent open trial did not compensate participants and obtained a similar attrition rate of 8% (Brosan et al., 2011).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brosan et al., 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As compared to post-treatment assessment, initial impressions may be more informative about potential consumer uptake of CBM.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, the computerized and standardized delivery of CBM makes it a potentially ideal treatment for primary care.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Abstract > Conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All three coders are clinical psychologists.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Method > Coders
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In order to ensure the scientific rigor and trustworthiness of the qualitative analysis, we conducted an iterative analysis guided by grounded theory (Glaser, 1967), encouraged extensive discussion of themes among coders, explored alternative codes, and conducted independent checks by each coder.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Method > Analyses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Glaser, 1967
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“R.B.W. and J.P. had no a priori expectations regarding participant attitudes.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Method > Coders
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to her extensive experience administering CBM protocols in previous studies, C.B. had a priori beliefs about participant attitudes. Specifically, she expected participants would find the tasks boring and unusual.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Method > Coders
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We continued this process until all raters agreed upon the final themes and quotations within each theme.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Method > Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“These findings converge with participant feedback in Brosan and colleagues’ study (2011), which also suggested that CBM is experienced as boring and that participants preferred the CBM-I task.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brosan and colleagues’ study (2011)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“our sample comprised primary care patients who volunteered to discuss treatment with a researcher.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we focused on socially anxious primary care patients attitudes toward CBM treatment for SAD.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Similar barriers also emerged, such as participants finding computerized treatments impersonal and boring, as well as participants having less confidence in the treatment (Mitchell & Gordon, 2007).”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mitchell & Gordon, 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the current findings can only speak to participants’ initial impressions of CBM after a brief demonstration, rather than to patient experiences with completing CBM as a treatment.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Beliefs and attitudes do not always correlate with actual behavior.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we conducted interviews with a modest number of primary care patients from one location.”
§ Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study > Discussion
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Current CBM protocols are extremely repetitive, requiring patients to complete hundreds of quick trials per session.
“First, current protocols are extremely repetitive, requiring patients to complete hundreds of quick trials (e.g., lasting less than one second) per session.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CBM protocols have low face validity and thus may be less credible than existing treatments.
“Additionally, CBM protocols have low face validity and thus may be less credible than existing treatments.”
The paper relies on this without support.
This study is the first to conduct a qualitative analysis of attitudes toward CBM.
“This study is the first to conduct a qualitative analysis of attitudes toward CBM.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CBM and CCBT have similar dissemination potential, such as stepped care and self-help.
“Given that CBM and CCBT have similar dissemination potential (e.g., stepped care, self-help)”
The paper relies on this without support.
Beliefs and attitudes do not always correlate with actual behavior.
“Beliefs and attitudes do not always correlate with actual behavior.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Previous CBM protocols have not informed participants about how CBM is designed to reduce anxiety.
“previous CBM protocols have not informed participants about how CBM is designed to reduce anxiety.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Finally, numerous studies have shown that existing CBM programs are generally deemed acceptable and feasible addon treatments by clients and clinicians alike (Beard et al., 2012; Leung et al., 2019; Rozenman et al., 2011).”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Beard et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is contrary to previous literature which found CBM-I to be impersonal [6].”
From A qualitative study of the acceptability of cognitive bias modification for paranoia (CBM-pa) in patients with psychosis (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“While relatively small in number, this sample size is in line with those used in previous CBM acceptability studies (Beard et al., 2012; Lisk et al., 2018) and the data collected provides sufficient insight from key stakeholder groups for refinement of the program.”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Beard et al., 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To the best of our knowledge, only two qualitative studies to date have examined patients’ subjective experience of CBM, focussing on social anxiety [6, 17].”
From A qualitative study of the acceptability of cognitive bias modification for paranoia (CBM-pa) in patients with psychosis (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Prior studies that simultaneously investigate the acceptability of CBM-A and CBM-I in anxiety disorders indicate that CBM-I is generally perceived as a logical and helpful procedure while CBM-A was reported to be repetitive and hard to remain engaged with [6, 7].”
From A qualitative study of the acceptability of cognitive bias modification for paranoia (CBM-pa) in patients with psychosis (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“but in Beard’s study [6], CBM was perceived to be less credible after participants experienced the trial.”
From A qualitative study of the acceptability of cognitive bias modification for paranoia (CBM-pa) in patients with psychosis (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This converged with Beard’s findings [6], in which participants felt the need to understand the purpose and relevance of the task to their anxiety.”
From A qualitative study of the acceptability of cognitive bias modification for paranoia (CBM-pa) in patients with psychosis (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Apart from mixed findings with the dot-probe training task (e.g., Heeren, Mogoas ¸e, Philippot, & McNally, 2015), qualitative studies suggest that credibility and acceptability of this type of attention training is quite low, as participants find it boring and miss a clear rationale (Beard, Weisberg, & Primack, 2011;Brosan, Hoppitt, Shelfer, Sillence, & Mackintosh, 2011).”
From Online attentional bias modification training targeting anxiety and depression in unselected adolescents: short- and long-term effects of a randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as Beard, Weisberg, & Primack, 2011
In the citing paper
“Motivation for online training appears to be low in unselected adolescents, which is not surprising given the low levels of distress and the repetitive nature of the training tasks (Beard et al., 2011).”
From Online attentional bias modification training targeting anxiety and depression in unselected adolescents: short- and long-term effects of a randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as Beard et al., 2011
Citations
Cites
Wagner, H. R., Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1968) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2575405 · Cited by 46,525
The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L., & Strutzel, E. (1968) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014 · Cited by 39,449
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391 · cited 1×
“Moreover, an understanding of this population’s attitudes toward CBM is important because SAD is among the most common psychiatric disorders (Kessler et al., 2005), and many of these individuals do not access existing treatments (Olfson et al., 2000).”
BackgroundLiebowitz, M. R. (2015) · Modern Trends in Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1159/000414022 · Cited by 2,266
MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.1.107 · Cited by 1,334 · cited 1×
“…date, CBM protocols have most often targeted attention bias, i.e., the tendency to selectively attend to threat-relevant information (CBM-A) (e.g., MacLeod et al., 2002), and interpretation bias, i.e., the tendency to interpret stimuli in a negative or threatening manner (CBM-I) (e.g., Mathews &…”
BackgroundPsychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale
HEIMBERG, R. G., HORNER, K. J., JUSTER, H. R., SAFREN, S. A., BROWN, E. J., SCHNEIER, F. R., & LIEBOWITZ, M. R. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798007879 · Cited by 968
FRESCO, D. M., COLES, M. E., HEIMBERG, R. G., LIEBOWITZ, M. R., HAMI, S., STEIN, M. B., & GOETZ, D. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701004056 · Cited by 874
Hakamata, Y., Lissek, S., Bar-Haim, Y., Britton, J. C., Fox, N. A., Leibenluft, E., Ernst, M., & Pine, D. S. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.021 · Cited by 869 · cited 1×
“…are efficacious in modifying cognitive biases associated with a wide range of psychopathology, e.g., general and social anxiety (see Beard, 2011; Hakamata et al., 2010 for reviews), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Najmi & Amir, 2010), alcohol use (Field & Eastwood, 2005), and eating disorders…”
BackgroundInduced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety.
Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.602 · Cited by 739 · cited 1×
“…have most often targeted attention bias, i.e., the tendency to selectively attend to threat-relevant information (CBM-A) (e.g., MacLeod et al., 2002), and interpretation bias, i.e., the tendency to interpret stimuli in a negative or threatening manner (CBM-I) (e.g., Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000).”
BackgroundAttention training for generalized social anxiety disorder
Schmidt, N. B., Richey, J. A., Buckner, J. D., & Timpano, K. R. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013643 · Cited by 546
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- First, 1996, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders: patient edition (SCID-I/PI, version 2.0)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wiers, R. W., Gladwin, T. E., Hofmann, W., Salemink, E., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2013) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702612466547 · Cited by 486
“In anxiety, a similar conclusion was reached on the basis of qualitative interviews (Beard et al., 2011).”
BackgroundEberl, C., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Pawelczack, S., Rinck, M., Becker, E. S., & Lindenmeyer, J. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.11.002 · Cited by 455
“Even though Wiers et al. (2011) showed that a sham-training did not lead to significant outcome improvement, some level of motivation to closely follow instructions may be important for success (for a related discussion on adding CBM to existing treatments for anxiety, see Beard et al., 2011).”
Clinical Efficacy of Attentional Bias Modification Procedures: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Mogoaşe, C., David, D. O., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22081 · Cited by 386
Attention bias modification for social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Heeren, A., Mogoașe, C., Philippot, P., & McNally, R. J. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.001 · Cited by 312
Carlbring, P., Apelstrand, M., Sehlin, H., Amir, N., Rousseau, A., Hofmann, S. G., & Andersson, G. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-66 · Cited by 215
“)[48].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Beard, C., Weisberg, R. B., & Primack, J.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beard, Courtney
- Venue
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011-11-30
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 618-633
- ISSN
- 1352-4658 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1833
- PMC
- PMC3816754
- OpenAlex
- W2119983695
- Semantic Scholar
- 6e0ff7172ea8d124377e1826bf89eb72c3822a59
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH083330, MH69595, K23MH069595, MH083330)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive bias modification, social anxiety, primary care patients, treatment acceptability, patient attitudes, computerized cognitive training, attentional bias modification, interpretation bias modification, treatment rationale
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Attitude, Behavior Therapy, Cooperative Behavior, Culture, Female, Humans, Implosive Therapy, Judgment, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Education as Topic, Phobic Disorders, Physician-Patient Relations, Primary Health Care, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Patient Satisfaction, Interdisciplinary Communication
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