MULTIPLE ACCESS POINTS AND LEVELS OF ENTRY (MAPLE): ENSURING CHOICE, ACCESSIBILITY AND EQUITY FOR CBT SERVICES
Abstract
Mental health problems contribute 23% to the global burden of disease in developed countries (WHO, 1999). In the U.K., recent legislation attempts to address this by modernizing mental health services so that they provide evidence based, accessible and non-discriminatory services for both serious and common mental health problems. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has a robust evidence base that fits very well with the thrust of policy. However, CBT's delivery systems are rooted in traditional service models, which pay little attention to the growing evidence base for brief and single-strand treatments over complex or multi-strand interventions. Services characterized by 9-5 working, hourly appointments and face-to-face therapy disenfranchise the majority of people who would benefit from CBT. In this paper we argue that the evidence exists for service protocols that promote equity, accessibility and choice and that CBT services should be organized around multiple levels of entry and service delivery rather than the more usual secondary care referral systems.
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Long waiting lists exist in specialized mental health care due to treatment duration and limited financial resources.
“Therefore, treatment costs tend to be higher compared to primary care (Spijker et al., 2013) in combination with long waiting lists due to treatment duration and limited financial resources (Bower and Gilbody, 2005, Lovell and Richards, 2000).”
From Development and initial evaluation of blended cognitive behavioural treatment for major depression in routine specialized mental health care (2016) · cites this paper as Lovell and Richards, 2000
Many patients do not access effective anxiety treatments.
“However, many patients do not access these treatments for a number of reasons, such as concerns over side effects (Weisberg, Dyck, Culpepper, & Keller, 2007), patient or therapist unwillingness to engage in exposure therapy, lack of trained therapists (Gunter & Whittal, 2010), and scheduling difficulties (Lovell & Richards, 2000).”
From Socially anxious primary care patients' attitudes toward cognitive bias modification (CBM): A qualitative study (2012) · cites this paper as Lovell & Richards, 2000
Organising services with multiple levels of entry and service delivery, rather than a single referral gateway at primary care, may help increase access to psychological therapies.
“Organising services with multiple levels of entry and service delivery, rather than the more traditional single referral gateway at the level of primary care into secondary care services, may help to increase access to psychological therapies.3”
From Can a self-referral system help improve access to psychological treatments? (2010) · cites this paper as [3]
Access to psychological treatment services for individuals with common mental health problems has often been variable and limited, with long waiting lists.
“However, because of their low capacity, access to psychological treatment services for individuals with these difficulties has often been variable and limited, with long waiting lists for these services.3”
From Can a self-referral system help improve access to psychological treatments? (2010) · cites this paper as [3]
Alternatives to one-to-one treatment delivery are necessitated beyond existing adjunctive self-help materials.
“necessitating alternatives to one-to-one treatment delivery (Lovell & Richards, 2000) beyond the existing adjunctive use of self-help materials (Keeley et al , 2002).”
From Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: Randomised controlled trial (2004) · cites this paper as Lovell & Richards, 2000
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- Authors
- Lovell, K., & Richards, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Venue
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 379-391
- ISSN
- 1352-4658 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1833
- OpenAlex
- W2155900414
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 9.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, mental health services, service organizations, accessibility, equity, choice, brief intervention, secondary care referral, service delivery models, mental health policy
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