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The effect of education and occupational complexity on rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients
Abstract
We explored the effect of education and occupational complexity on the rate of cognitive decline (as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination) in 171 patients with a confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. Complexity was measured as substantive complexity of work and complexity of work with data, people, and things. Average lifetime occupational complexity was calculated based on years at each occupation. Participants were followed for an average of 2.5 years and 3.7 visits. In multivariate mixed-effects models, high education, high substantive complexity, and high complexity of work with data and people predicted faster rates of cognitive decline, controlling for age, gender, native language, dementia severity, and entry into the analyses at initial versus follow-up testing. These results provide support for the concept of cognitive reserve according to which greater reserve may postpone clinical onset of AD but also accelerate cognitive decline after the onset. (JINS, 2006, 12, 147–152.)
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From Associations between social relationship measures, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and risk of stroke and dementia (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
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Education and cognitive functioning across the life span
Lövdén, M., Fratiglioni, L., Glymour, M. M., Lindenberger, U., & Tucker-Drob, E. M. (2020) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100620920576 · Cited by 1,224
Defining Cognitive Reserve and Implications for Cognitive Aging
Pettigrew, C. A., & Soldan, A. (2019) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-019-0917-z · Cited by 484
Episodic memory in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: Insights from imaging and behavioral studies
Tromp, D., Dufour, A., Lithfous, S., Pebayle, T., & Després, O. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.006 · Cited by 390
Nithianantharajah, J., & Hannan, A. J. (2009) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.001 · Cited by 341
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Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and the Risk for Dementia: The Framingham Heart Study
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Metadata
- Authors
- ANDEL, R., VIGEN, C., MACK, W. J., CLARK, L. J., & GATZ, M.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 147-152
- ISSN
- 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7661
- OpenAlex
- W2031572198
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30 AG17265, P50-AG05142, P50AG005142, P30AG017265)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, cognitive decline, educational attainment, occupational complexity, cognitive reserve, job complexity, Mini-Mental State Examination, dementia progression
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition, Education, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Occupations, Age of Onset
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