The heterogeneity of mild cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological analysis
Abstract
A group of 94 nondemented patients self-referred to an outpatient memory clinic for memory difficulties were studied to determine the incidence of single versus multi-domain mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using Petersen criteria. Fifty-five community dwelling normal controls (NC) participants without memory complaints also were recruited. Tests assessing executive control, naming/lexical retrieval, and declarative memory were administered. Thirty-four patients exhibited single-domain MCI, 43 patients presented with multi-domain MCI. When the entire MCI sample (n = 77) was subjected to a cluster analysis, 14 patients were classified with amnesic MCI, 21 patients with dysexecutive MCI, and 42 patients were classified into a mixed/multi-domain MCI group involving low scores on tests of letter fluency, “animal” fluency, and delayed recognition discriminability. Analyses comparing the three cluster-derived MCI groups versus a NC group confirmed the presence of memory and dysexecutive impairment for the amnesic and dysexecutive MCI groups. The mixed MCI group produced lower scores on tests of letter fluency compared with the amnesic MCI and NC groups and lower scores on tests of naming and memory compared with the NC group. In summary, multi-domain MCI is quite common. These data suggest that MCI is a highly nuanced and complex clinical entity. (JINS, 2010, 16, 84–93.)
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Delano-Wood et al. and Libon et al. independently identified three clusters representing amnestic, dysexecutive, and mixed MCI subtypes.
“Applying these methods to different samples of individuals with clinically-diagnosed MCI, Delano-Wood et al. [27] and Libon et al. [28] independently identified three clusters that represented amnestic, dysexecutive, and mixed (i.e., memory and language deficits) MCI subtypes.”
From Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment Improves Diagnostic Precision, Biomarker Associations, and Progression Rates (2014) · cites this paper as [28]
Cites
Prediction of AD with MRI-based hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment
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Self-citationNeurocognitive contributions to verbal fluency deficits in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Libon, D. J., McMillan, C., Gunawardena, D., Powers, C., Massimo, L., Khan, A., Morgan, B., Farag, C., Richmond, L., Weinstein, J., et al. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181b2a4f5 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
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Bondi, M. W., Initiative, F. T. A. D. N., Edmonds, E. C., Jak, A. J., Clark, L. R., Delano-Wood, L., McDonald, C. R., Nation, D. A., Libon, D. J., Au, R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-140276 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Self-citationEdmonds, E. C., Delano‐Wood, L., Clark, L. R., Jak, A. J., Nation, D. A., McDonald, C. R., Libon, D. J., Au, R., Galasko, D., Salmon, D. P., et al. (2015) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.03.005 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Self-citationSubjective Cognitive Complaints Contribute to Misdiagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Edmonds, E. C., Delano-Wood, L., Galasko, D. R., Salmon, D. P., & Bondi, M. W. (2014) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561771400068x · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Bangen, K. J., Initiative, F. T. A. D. N., Clark, A. L., Werhane, M., Edmonds, E. C., Nation, D. A., Evangelista, N., Libon, D. J., Bondi, M. W., & Delano-Wood, L. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150900 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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- Authors
- LIBON, D. J., XIE, S. X., EPPIG, J., WICAS, G., LAMAR, M., LIPPA, C., BETTCHER, B. M., PRICE, C. C., GIOVANNETTI, T., SWENSON, R., & WAMBACH, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Drexel University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Temple University (US)
- University of Florida Health (US)
- University of North Dakota (US)
- Corresponding author
- LIBON, DAVID J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-11-03
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 84-93
- ISSN
- 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7661
- OpenAlex
- W2100091310
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K23NS060660)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, amnestic MCI, executive function, phonemic fluency, naming, word retrieval, declarative memory, clustering, Petersen criteria, memory clinic patients
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amnesia, Cognition Disorders, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Problem Solving, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Geriatric Assessment, Executive Function
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