Cognitive and Prepulse Inhibition Deficits in Psychometrically High Schizotypal Subjects in the General Population: Relevance to Schizophrenia Research
Abstract
Schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder share common clinical profiles, neurobiological and genetic substrates along with Prepulse Inhibition and cognitive deficits; among those, executive, attention, and memory dysfunctions are more consistent. Schizotypy is considered to be a non-specific "psychosis-proneness," and understanding the relationship between schizotypal traits and cognitive function in the general population is a promising approach for endophenotypic research in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In this review, findings for executive function, attention, memory, and Prepulse Inhibition impairments in psychometrically defined schizotypal subjects have been summarized and compared to schizophrenia patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, working memory, and Prepulse Inhibition impairments were consistently reported in high schizotypal subjects in accordance to schizophrenia patients. Genetic studies assessing the effects of various candidate gene polymorphisms in schizotypal traits and cognitive function are promising, further supporting a polygenic mode of inheritance. The implications of the findings, methodological issues, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Schizotypy is generally associated with impairments in WM.
“studies reported that schizotypy is generally associated with impairments in WM”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Giakoumaki, 2012
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Psychotic Experiences and Working Memory: A Population-Based Study Using Signal-Detection Analysis
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“For example, studies reported that schizotypy is generally associated with impairments in WM (see Giakoumaki, 2012 for review; Rossi et al., 2016; Schmidt‐Hansen & Honey, 2009), although the association of traits in the ‘Big Five’ model and WM showed mixed results (Dima et al., 2015; Waris et al.,…”
Background
- Authors
- Giakoumaki, S. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Crete (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Giakoumaki, Stella G.
- Venue
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-05-22
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 643-656
- ISSN
- 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7661
- OpenAlex
- W2124795157
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- schizotypy, prepulse inhibition, cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, endophenotypes, executive function, attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, first-degree relatives, candidate gene polymorphisms, polygenic inheritance
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Memory Disorders, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Reflex, Startle, Executive Function
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